This document provides an overview of the anatomy and components of the ventral abdominal wall and hernias. It discusses:
1) The boundaries and layers of the abdominal wall including skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscles and tendons. The main muscles discussed are the rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, external and internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.
2) The blood supply, nerve innervation and lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall.
3) Classification systems for incisional hernias and the pathophysiology of ventral wall hernias related to increases in intra-abdominal pressure.
4) Different types of hernias including
Anterior abdominal wall , Rectus sheath and Inguinal.pptxJudeChinecherem
In this detailed lecture note, we embark on a comprehensive journey through the complex and crucial anatomy of the abdominal wall. The abdominal wall is not just a physical barrier; it is a dynamic structure with multiple layers, muscles, and intricate structures that play a fundamental role in protecting our internal organs, providing support, and enabling various bodily functions.
We will delve deep into the layers of the abdominal wall, understanding the significance of each component - from the outermost skin to the innermost peritoneum. Through detailed illustrations, diagrams, and explanations, you will gain a profound insight into the anatomical intricacies of this region.
Moreover, this lecture note provides valuable insights into the clinical relevance of the abdominal wall. Learn about common medical conditions and surgical procedures related to the abdominal wall, including hernias, trauma, and abdominal wall reconstruction. Whether you are a medical student, healthcare professional, or simply intrigued by the wonders of the human body, this resource will enrich your knowledge and understanding of this vital anatomical structure.
Join us on this educational journey as we unravel the mysteries of the abdominal wall, exploring its anatomy, functions, and clinical significance. Whether you're studying medicine, pursuing a career in healthcare, or just eager to expand your knowledge, this lecture note is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the fascinating world of human anatomy."
The anterior abdominal wall has 9 regions defined by horizontal and vertical planes. It consists of skin, superficial fascia, 4 muscle layers, and the transversalis fascia. The rectus sheath encloses the rectus abdominis muscle and is formed by the aponeuroses of the 3 flat muscles. Common incisions include the midline incision and bilateral subcostal incisions.
The abdominal wall has several layers including skin, superficial fascia, muscles and fascia. The superficial fascia below the umbilicus divides into two layers: Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia. The muscles of the abdominal wall include three flat muscles on each side (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis) and two vertical muscles near the midline (rectus abdominis). The aponeuroses of the flat muscles come together to form the rectus sheath surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle. Below the arcuate line, the posterior wall of the rectus sheath is deficient.
This document discusses the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It covers the embryology of the abdominal wall muscles and structures like the umbilicus and inguinal region. It then discusses the layers of the anterior abdominal wall, muscles, fascia, blood supply, lymphatics and nerve supply. It also covers hernias that can occur in the abdominal wall and types of abdominal incisions.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and groin region. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from superficial to deep, including the skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles and rectus sheath. It discusses the contents and boundaries of the inguinal canal. It also outlines the structures contained within the femoral triangle in the groin, including the femoral artery and vein, nerves, and lymph nodes.
Anatomy of Anterior Abdominal wall.pptxAkshaySarraf1
The anterior abdominal wall has nine layers including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. The muscles include the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis which overlap and their aponeuroses form the rectus sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle. The inferior epigastric artery supplies the lower abdominal wall. Hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through weaknesses in the abdominal wall layers.
The document provides information about the digestive system, abdominal wall, and peritoneum. It discusses the learning objectives which are for students to understand embryology, anatomy, histology, physiology and biochemistry of the body. It then lists the specific objectives related to describing the embryology of the digestive system, landmarks of the abdominal wall, structures of the anterior and posterior abdominal wall, and the peritoneum. The document proceeds to describe the layers of the anterior abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. It also discusses the inguinal canal and related structures.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and components of the ventral abdominal wall and hernias. It discusses:
1) The boundaries and layers of the abdominal wall including skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscles and tendons. The main muscles discussed are the rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, external and internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.
2) The blood supply, nerve innervation and lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall.
3) Classification systems for incisional hernias and the pathophysiology of ventral wall hernias related to increases in intra-abdominal pressure.
4) Different types of hernias including
Anterior abdominal wall , Rectus sheath and Inguinal.pptxJudeChinecherem
In this detailed lecture note, we embark on a comprehensive journey through the complex and crucial anatomy of the abdominal wall. The abdominal wall is not just a physical barrier; it is a dynamic structure with multiple layers, muscles, and intricate structures that play a fundamental role in protecting our internal organs, providing support, and enabling various bodily functions.
We will delve deep into the layers of the abdominal wall, understanding the significance of each component - from the outermost skin to the innermost peritoneum. Through detailed illustrations, diagrams, and explanations, you will gain a profound insight into the anatomical intricacies of this region.
Moreover, this lecture note provides valuable insights into the clinical relevance of the abdominal wall. Learn about common medical conditions and surgical procedures related to the abdominal wall, including hernias, trauma, and abdominal wall reconstruction. Whether you are a medical student, healthcare professional, or simply intrigued by the wonders of the human body, this resource will enrich your knowledge and understanding of this vital anatomical structure.
Join us on this educational journey as we unravel the mysteries of the abdominal wall, exploring its anatomy, functions, and clinical significance. Whether you're studying medicine, pursuing a career in healthcare, or just eager to expand your knowledge, this lecture note is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the fascinating world of human anatomy."
The anterior abdominal wall has 9 regions defined by horizontal and vertical planes. It consists of skin, superficial fascia, 4 muscle layers, and the transversalis fascia. The rectus sheath encloses the rectus abdominis muscle and is formed by the aponeuroses of the 3 flat muscles. Common incisions include the midline incision and bilateral subcostal incisions.
The abdominal wall has several layers including skin, superficial fascia, muscles and fascia. The superficial fascia below the umbilicus divides into two layers: Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia. The muscles of the abdominal wall include three flat muscles on each side (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis) and two vertical muscles near the midline (rectus abdominis). The aponeuroses of the flat muscles come together to form the rectus sheath surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle. Below the arcuate line, the posterior wall of the rectus sheath is deficient.
This document discusses the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It covers the embryology of the abdominal wall muscles and structures like the umbilicus and inguinal region. It then discusses the layers of the anterior abdominal wall, muscles, fascia, blood supply, lymphatics and nerve supply. It also covers hernias that can occur in the abdominal wall and types of abdominal incisions.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and groin region. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from superficial to deep, including the skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles and rectus sheath. It discusses the contents and boundaries of the inguinal canal. It also outlines the structures contained within the femoral triangle in the groin, including the femoral artery and vein, nerves, and lymph nodes.
Anatomy of Anterior Abdominal wall.pptxAkshaySarraf1
The anterior abdominal wall has nine layers including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. The muscles include the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis which overlap and their aponeuroses form the rectus sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle. The inferior epigastric artery supplies the lower abdominal wall. Hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through weaknesses in the abdominal wall layers.
The document provides information about the digestive system, abdominal wall, and peritoneum. It discusses the learning objectives which are for students to understand embryology, anatomy, histology, physiology and biochemistry of the body. It then lists the specific objectives related to describing the embryology of the digestive system, landmarks of the abdominal wall, structures of the anterior and posterior abdominal wall, and the peritoneum. The document proceeds to describe the layers of the anterior abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. It also discusses the inguinal canal and related structures.
The document provides a detailed summary of the surgical anatomy of the inguinal canal and anterior abdominal wall. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including muscles, fascia, nerves and blood vessels. It discusses the boundaries and contents of the inguinal canal, including the spermatic cord/round ligament. It also briefly mentions hernias that can occur in the inguinal canal region.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It is divided into nine quadrants and contains skin, superficial fascia with fatty and membranous layers, deep fascia, three muscle layers (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis muscles, pyramidalis muscle, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum from external to internal. Key nerves are branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves, and arteries include the superior and inferior epigastric arteries. Lymphatic drainage is to axillary nodes above the umbilicus and inguinal nodes below.
The anterior abdominal wall anatomy is summarized in 3 sentences:
The anterior abdominal wall is made up of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and layers of muscle. It confines the abdominal organs and provides surgical access. The muscles are innervated by intercostal, subcostal, and ilioinguinal nerves, while the epigastric vessels supply blood.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall, including its boundaries, layers, muscles and fascia. Key points include:
- It extends from the costal margins and xiphoid process superiorly to the iliac crests, pubis and pubic symphysis inferiorly.
- It is made up of skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles including the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis, as well as the rectus abdominis.
- Major landmarks include the xiphoid process, costal margins, iliac crests and inguinal ligament.
The anterolateral abdominal wall consists of four main layers - skin, superficial fascia, muscles and associated fascia, and peritoneum. Below the umbilicus, the superficial fascia divides into two layers - Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia. The muscles of the abdominal wall include three flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis) and two vertical muscles (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis). The posterior abdominal wall contains muscles like the quadratus lumborum, psoas major and minor, and is covered by fascia like the psoas and thoracolumbar fascia. Common surgical incisions of the abdominal wall
This document provides an overview of the surgical anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall that is relevant for obstetrics and gynecology. It describes the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from the skin down to the parietal peritoneum. Key structures discussed include the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, the rectus sheath, inguinal canal, linea alba, fascia, and blood supply. The document emphasizes important anatomical landmarks and variations that are important to consider during abdominal surgeries.
Understanding the Anterior Abdominal Wall: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction Slide: Today, we will delve into the intricate anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. This region is not only pivotal for protecting our internal organs but also plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as movement and respiration.
Anatomy Overview Slide: The anterior abdominal wall is a complex structure consisting of multiple layers, each with its own unique function and significance:
Skin: The outermost layer providing the first line of defense.
Superficial Fascia: Divided into fatty and membranous layers, it houses nerves and blood vessels.
Muscles: Includes the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles, which aid in trunk movement and maintaining posture.
Transversalis Fascia: A thin layer that provides additional support and structure.
Extraperitoneal Fat: Acts as insulation and padding.
Peritoneum: The innermost lining of the abdominal cavity.
Muscular System Slide: We will explore the muscular makeup of the anterior abdominal wall, focusing on the:
Rectus Abdominis: Known for the ‘six-pack’ appearance, it is crucial for trunk flexion.
Oblique Muscles: These muscles assist in the rotation and lateral movement of the trunk.
Transversus Abdominis: The deepest muscle layer that helps in maintaining intra-abdominal pressure.
Clinical Relevance Slide: Understanding the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall is essential for surgical interventions, particularly in procedures involving the rectus sheath and the inguinal region.
Conclusion Slide: In summary, the anterior abdominal wall is a vital structure with layers that work in harmony to protect our internal organs and contribute to our body’s stability and mobility.
Questions & Discussion Slide: Let’s open the floor for any questions and further discussion on the topic.
14 Abdominal Wall Anatomy and Inguinal Anatomy ppt.pptxmekuriatadesse
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal wall and inguinal region. It begins with objectives and outlines, then discusses the layers and muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall including the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis muscles. It also describes the fascia, neurovasculature, rectus sheath, linea alba, and inguinal region. The document concludes with a brief discussion of the inguinal canal.
The anterior abdominal wall is made up of skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum. The major muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis. Together, the muscles provide support, protection, and enable functions like micturition, defecation, vomiting, and parturition by increasing intra-abdominal pressure when contracting simultaneously with the diaphragm. The wall receives nerve innervation from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar nerves and has blood supply from branches of the internal mammary, external iliac, and descending thoracic arteries.
The anterior abdominal wall is made up of skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum. The major muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis. Together, the oblique muscles laterally flex the trunk while the rectus abdominis flexes the trunk and stabilizes the pelvis. Blood supply comes from branches of the internal mammary, external iliac, and descending thoracic arteries. Nerve innervation is from the lower thoracic and first lumbar spinal nerves.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and inguinal canal. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. It details the origins, insertions and actions of the abdominal wall muscles. It also outlines the nerve and blood supply of the abdominal wall and inguinal region. Finally, it provides an overview of the inguinal canal including its boundaries and contents such as the spermatic cord.
This document provides an overview of the abdominal cavity and abdominal wall. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including muscles, fascia and peritoneum. It discusses the rectus sheath and linea alba. It details the inguinal canal and sites of hernias. It also summarizes the contents and regions of the abdominal cavity, as well as the arteries and veins of the abdominal wall. Key structures like the liver, stomach and intestines are located in relation to vertebral levels.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen. It describes the abdominal cavity as being bounded by the abdominal walls, diaphragm and pelvis. It contains most of the digestive organs and some urinary organs. The abdominal walls are made up of three flat muscles and two vertical muscles that support and protect the abdominal organs. The document discusses the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall in detail. It also describes the inguinal canal, hernias, spermatic cord and scrotum.
The anterior abdominal wall has two layers - lateral and medial. The lateral layer consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and three muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis. The medial layer consists of skin, fascia, the rectus sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle, and peritoneum.
The inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females. It has openings called the deep and superficial rings. The spermatic cord contains the vas deferens and vessels. A weakness in the abdominal wall makes the inguinal region prone to hernias, where abdominal contents can protrude through the ingu
The document discusses the anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall. It describes the five muscles that make up the anterolateral wall - the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis. It details the structure, function and innervation of these muscles. The document also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and applied clinical considerations like different types of hernias related to weaknesses in the abdominal wall.
The anterior abdominal wall has 6 layers from superficial to deep: 1) skin, 2) superficial fascia, 3) deep fascia, 4) 3 muscle sheets (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), 5) extraperitoneal fascia, and 6) parietal peritoneum. The 3 muscle sheets come together to form the rectus sheath surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle. These muscles functions include lateral flexion, rotation, trunk flexion, pelvic stabilization, respiration, forced expiration, and increasing intra-abdominal pressure for various functions like micturition. They are supplied by nerves from the lower thoracic and lumbar regions.
The abdomen is the region between the thorax and pelvis bounded superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by the pelvis. It contains most of the digestive organs and some reproductive organs. The abdominal walls consist of skin, superficial fascia, muscles, and peritoneum. The abdomen can be divided into quadrants or nine regions to describe organ locations. The inguinal canal transmits structures between the abdomen and lower limbs and is the site of inguinal hernias.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It discusses the surface landmarks, layers of the skin and fascia, muscles of the anterolateral wall including the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. It also describes the umbilicus and its clinical significance, as well as the cutaneous innervation, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdominal wall.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from outer to inner, including the skin, superficial fascia, anterolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, rectus sheath, posterior abdominal muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and peritoneum. Key abdominal wall muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis which are flat muscles, and the rectus abdominis which is a vertical muscle located in the center. The peritoneum lining covers and protects the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from outer to inner, including the skin, superficial fascia, anterolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, rectus sheath, posterior abdominal muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and peritoneum. Key abdominal wall muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis which are flat muscles, and the rectus abdominis which is a vertical muscle located in the center. The peritoneum lining covers and protects the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The document provides a detailed summary of the surgical anatomy of the inguinal canal and anterior abdominal wall. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including muscles, fascia, nerves and blood vessels. It discusses the boundaries and contents of the inguinal canal, including the spermatic cord/round ligament. It also briefly mentions hernias that can occur in the inguinal canal region.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It is divided into nine quadrants and contains skin, superficial fascia with fatty and membranous layers, deep fascia, three muscle layers (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis muscles, pyramidalis muscle, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum from external to internal. Key nerves are branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves, and arteries include the superior and inferior epigastric arteries. Lymphatic drainage is to axillary nodes above the umbilicus and inguinal nodes below.
The anterior abdominal wall anatomy is summarized in 3 sentences:
The anterior abdominal wall is made up of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and layers of muscle. It confines the abdominal organs and provides surgical access. The muscles are innervated by intercostal, subcostal, and ilioinguinal nerves, while the epigastric vessels supply blood.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall, including its boundaries, layers, muscles and fascia. Key points include:
- It extends from the costal margins and xiphoid process superiorly to the iliac crests, pubis and pubic symphysis inferiorly.
- It is made up of skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles including the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis, as well as the rectus abdominis.
- Major landmarks include the xiphoid process, costal margins, iliac crests and inguinal ligament.
The anterolateral abdominal wall consists of four main layers - skin, superficial fascia, muscles and associated fascia, and peritoneum. Below the umbilicus, the superficial fascia divides into two layers - Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia. The muscles of the abdominal wall include three flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis) and two vertical muscles (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis). The posterior abdominal wall contains muscles like the quadratus lumborum, psoas major and minor, and is covered by fascia like the psoas and thoracolumbar fascia. Common surgical incisions of the abdominal wall
This document provides an overview of the surgical anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall that is relevant for obstetrics and gynecology. It describes the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from the skin down to the parietal peritoneum. Key structures discussed include the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, the rectus sheath, inguinal canal, linea alba, fascia, and blood supply. The document emphasizes important anatomical landmarks and variations that are important to consider during abdominal surgeries.
Understanding the Anterior Abdominal Wall: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction Slide: Today, we will delve into the intricate anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. This region is not only pivotal for protecting our internal organs but also plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as movement and respiration.
Anatomy Overview Slide: The anterior abdominal wall is a complex structure consisting of multiple layers, each with its own unique function and significance:
Skin: The outermost layer providing the first line of defense.
Superficial Fascia: Divided into fatty and membranous layers, it houses nerves and blood vessels.
Muscles: Includes the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles, which aid in trunk movement and maintaining posture.
Transversalis Fascia: A thin layer that provides additional support and structure.
Extraperitoneal Fat: Acts as insulation and padding.
Peritoneum: The innermost lining of the abdominal cavity.
Muscular System Slide: We will explore the muscular makeup of the anterior abdominal wall, focusing on the:
Rectus Abdominis: Known for the ‘six-pack’ appearance, it is crucial for trunk flexion.
Oblique Muscles: These muscles assist in the rotation and lateral movement of the trunk.
Transversus Abdominis: The deepest muscle layer that helps in maintaining intra-abdominal pressure.
Clinical Relevance Slide: Understanding the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall is essential for surgical interventions, particularly in procedures involving the rectus sheath and the inguinal region.
Conclusion Slide: In summary, the anterior abdominal wall is a vital structure with layers that work in harmony to protect our internal organs and contribute to our body’s stability and mobility.
Questions & Discussion Slide: Let’s open the floor for any questions and further discussion on the topic.
14 Abdominal Wall Anatomy and Inguinal Anatomy ppt.pptxmekuriatadesse
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal wall and inguinal region. It begins with objectives and outlines, then discusses the layers and muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall including the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis muscles. It also describes the fascia, neurovasculature, rectus sheath, linea alba, and inguinal region. The document concludes with a brief discussion of the inguinal canal.
The anterior abdominal wall is made up of skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum. The major muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis. Together, the muscles provide support, protection, and enable functions like micturition, defecation, vomiting, and parturition by increasing intra-abdominal pressure when contracting simultaneously with the diaphragm. The wall receives nerve innervation from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar nerves and has blood supply from branches of the internal mammary, external iliac, and descending thoracic arteries.
The anterior abdominal wall is made up of skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum. The major muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis. Together, the oblique muscles laterally flex the trunk while the rectus abdominis flexes the trunk and stabilizes the pelvis. Blood supply comes from branches of the internal mammary, external iliac, and descending thoracic arteries. Nerve innervation is from the lower thoracic and first lumbar spinal nerves.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and inguinal canal. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum. It details the origins, insertions and actions of the abdominal wall muscles. It also outlines the nerve and blood supply of the abdominal wall and inguinal region. Finally, it provides an overview of the inguinal canal including its boundaries and contents such as the spermatic cord.
This document provides an overview of the abdominal cavity and abdominal wall. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including muscles, fascia and peritoneum. It discusses the rectus sheath and linea alba. It details the inguinal canal and sites of hernias. It also summarizes the contents and regions of the abdominal cavity, as well as the arteries and veins of the abdominal wall. Key structures like the liver, stomach and intestines are located in relation to vertebral levels.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen. It describes the abdominal cavity as being bounded by the abdominal walls, diaphragm and pelvis. It contains most of the digestive organs and some urinary organs. The abdominal walls are made up of three flat muscles and two vertical muscles that support and protect the abdominal organs. The document discusses the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall in detail. It also describes the inguinal canal, hernias, spermatic cord and scrotum.
The anterior abdominal wall has two layers - lateral and medial. The lateral layer consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and three muscles - external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis. The medial layer consists of skin, fascia, the rectus sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle, and peritoneum.
The inguinal canal transmits the spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females. It has openings called the deep and superficial rings. The spermatic cord contains the vas deferens and vessels. A weakness in the abdominal wall makes the inguinal region prone to hernias, where abdominal contents can protrude through the ingu
The document discusses the anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall. It describes the five muscles that make up the anterolateral wall - the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis. It details the structure, function and innervation of these muscles. The document also discusses the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and applied clinical considerations like different types of hernias related to weaknesses in the abdominal wall.
The anterior abdominal wall has 6 layers from superficial to deep: 1) skin, 2) superficial fascia, 3) deep fascia, 4) 3 muscle sheets (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), 5) extraperitoneal fascia, and 6) parietal peritoneum. The 3 muscle sheets come together to form the rectus sheath surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle. These muscles functions include lateral flexion, rotation, trunk flexion, pelvic stabilization, respiration, forced expiration, and increasing intra-abdominal pressure for various functions like micturition. They are supplied by nerves from the lower thoracic and lumbar regions.
The abdomen is the region between the thorax and pelvis bounded superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by the pelvis. It contains most of the digestive organs and some reproductive organs. The abdominal walls consist of skin, superficial fascia, muscles, and peritoneum. The abdomen can be divided into quadrants or nine regions to describe organ locations. The inguinal canal transmits structures between the abdomen and lower limbs and is the site of inguinal hernias.
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It discusses the surface landmarks, layers of the skin and fascia, muscles of the anterolateral wall including the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. It also describes the umbilicus and its clinical significance, as well as the cutaneous innervation, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdominal wall.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from outer to inner, including the skin, superficial fascia, anterolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, rectus sheath, posterior abdominal muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and peritoneum. Key abdominal wall muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis which are flat muscles, and the rectus abdominis which is a vertical muscle located in the center. The peritoneum lining covers and protects the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from outer to inner, including the skin, superficial fascia, anterolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, rectus sheath, posterior abdominal muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and peritoneum. Key abdominal wall muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis which are flat muscles, and the rectus abdominis which is a vertical muscle located in the center. The peritoneum lining covers and protects the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
2. Anatomy of the abdominal wall
Its a hexagonal area bounded
Superiorly-xiphoid process and the
costal margins
Inferiorly- the iliac crest, the inguinal
ligaments and superior edge of the
pubic bone and pubic symphysis
Lateral extension occurs posteriorly
to the erector spinous and quadratus
lumborum muscle adjacent to the
lumbar spine.
3. COMPONENTS
The abdominal wall is composed of skin, muscles and fascia.the muscles
are divided into midline and anterolateral groups of muscle The RECTUS
ABDOMINIS and THE PYRAMIDALIS muscle comprises the midline group
and the bilateral anterolateral groups are composed of trilaminar
structure consisting of the EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE, THE INTERNAL
OBLIQUE MUSCLES and THE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLES.
In addition to this there are numerous tendinous structures and
delineations including the line alba ,linea semicircularis.
4. SKIN
SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
it contains fat, cutaneous nerves, cutaneous vessels and superficial
lymphatics.Below the level of umbilicus fascia is divided into a superficial
fatty layer(fascia of camper) and a deep membranous layer (fascia of
scarpa). Most part of the fascia is a single layer that contains variable
amount of fat.
5. CUTANEOUS NERVES ARTERIES AND VEINS
• Nerve supply; lower six thoracic nerves and by the first lumbar nerve.
• Anterior cutaneous arteries are branches of superior and inferior epigastric
artery and accompany the anterior cutaneous nerves.
• Lateral cutaneous arteries are branches of the lower intercostals arteries and
accompany the lateral cutaneous nerves.
• Superficial epigastric, superficial external pudendal, superficial circumflex
iliac artery arise from the femoral artery and supply the skin of the lower part of
abdomen.
• The venous drainage is by superficial epigastric, superficial external pudendal,
superficial circumflex iliac vein which drains into femoral vein.
7. RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE
Origin: arises from two tendinous heads. The lateral
head arises from the lateral part of pubic crest, the
medial head from the anterior pubic ligament.
insertion:xiphoid process, 5th, 6th and 7th costal
cartilage.
Nerve supply:lower six or seven thoracic spinal
nerves.
Action;
• Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber
spine), while it works by drawing pubic symphysis
and sternum toward each other.
• Tense the anterior wall of the abdomen and assist in
compressing the contents of the abdomen
• It works on posterior pelvic tilt with other abdominal
muscles.
• Play a role in core stability.
8. THE PYRIMIDALIS MUSCLE
It is a rudimentary muscle in human beings. This is a small triangular
muscle arising from anterior surface of body of pubis. Fibers pass
upwards and medially to be inserted into linea alba.
The nerve supply is from the Subcostal nerve which is the ventral ramus
of the twelfth thoracic spinal nerve.
9. THE EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE:
• Origin: the outer surface of the shaft of the lower eight ribs
• insertion:it inserts into the xiphoid process,along the whole length of the linea
alba and extends to the pubic crest and the pectineal line; lower fleshy fibers to
the outer lip of the iliac crest
• innervation:by lower six thoracic nerves and the subcostal nerve
• Action: contributes in forming the anterior abdominal wall
rotation and flexion of the trunk
bending from side to side
stabilizing the core
10.
11. INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE
Origin: along the whole length of the lumbar fascia, from the anterior two-thirds of
the intermediate line of the iliac crest and from the lateral two-thirds of the grooved
upper surface of the inguinal ligament
insertion: into the inferior border of the costal cartilages of the lower 3 ribs (10th-
12th) in continuity with the internal intercostal muscles becomes aponeurotic at the
level of the 9th costal cartilage, which fuses at the midline at the linea alba.
innervation: lower intercostal nerves (T7-T12), ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric
nerves
action: compression of abdominal content, forced expiration, flexes and bends the
trunk
12.
13. TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, inner lip of the anterior two-thirds of the iliac
crest and costal cartilages of 7th-12th ribs where it interdigitates with fibers of
the diaphragm.
Insertion:into the anterior aponeurosis,the linea alba and pubic crest
Innervation: intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric
nerve (L1), ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
Blood supply: posterior intercostal and subcostal
arteries, superior and inferior epigastric arteries, superficial and
deep circumflex iliac arteries, posterior lumbar arteries
Action: flat muscle which forms part of abdominal wall, compresses abdominal
cavity
14.
15. DEEP ARTERIES AND VEINS OF
ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Arterial supply: superior epigastric and
musculophrenic artery above, inferior
epigastric and deep circumflex iliac
artery below, small branches of lower
two or three posterior intercostal,
subcostal and lumbar arteries,
superficial epigastric, circumflex.
Venous drainage : superior epigastric and
musculophrenic vein above and inferior
epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vein
below.
16. Linea alba ; literally translated as the white line ,it is a completely fibrous
structure composed of collagen and elastin traversing from the xiphoid
process to the pubic symphysis ,its width varies among population
between 15-22mm along its course ,widest just above the umbilicus and
narrowest at both extremes.its formed as the aponerosis of the EOM,IOM
& TAM merge terminally in the midline bisecting the rectus muscle .
17.
18. Rectus sheath
The rectus sheath extends between the inferior costal margin and costal cartilages of 5th
-7th ribs superiorly,and the pubic crest inferiorly.It is a tough fibrous compartment
formed by the aponeuroses of the transverse abdominalmuscle, and
the internal and external oblique muscles. It contains the rectus
abdominis and pyramidalis muscles, as well as vessels and nerves.
ARCUATE LINE:The arcuate line, also known as the semicircular line of Douglas,is a
curved line found posterior to the rectus abdominismuscle bilaterally, between the
umbilicus and the pubic symphysis.This anatomical finding may not always be present,
and its exact positionmay vary.
19. ANSARI CLASSIFICATION FOR ARCUATE LINE ;
• CLASSICAL ARCUATE LINE; Here the distance between the umbilicus
and the arcuate line ranges from 3cm – 6.5cm.
• HIGH ARCUATE LINE; if the distance is less than or equals to 3 its called
high arcuate line.
• LOW ARCUATE LINE: if the distance from the umlicus is more than 6.5cm
its called as low arcuate line.
20. Above arcuate line;
At the lateral border of the rectus abdominismuscle, the aponeurosisof the internal
oblique muscle splits into an anterior layer and a posteriorlayer .An anterior rectus
sheath composed of the aponeurosisof the external oblique muscle and anterior portion
of the aponeurosisof the internal oblique muscle passes in front of the rectus abdominis
muscle. A posteriorrectus sheath composed of the posterior portion of the aponeurosis
of the internal oblique muscle and the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis
passes behind the rectus abdominis muscle.
Below the arcuate;
The aponeuroses of all three muscles (includingthe transversus)pass in front of the
rectus. The posterior layer of the rectus sheath is thus absent and the rectus abdominis
muscle is separated from the peritoneum only by the transversalisfascia.
21. The semilunar line, linea semilunaris or Spigelian line:
It is a bilateral vertical curved line in the anterior abdominal wall where
the layers of the rectus sheath fuse lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle
and medial to the oblique muscles.
22.
23.
24. Hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of a
viscous or a part of it through a weakness or gap in the
abdominal wall, which may be acquired or natural with
a sac covering it.
27. Intra operative factors
• Type of surgery: emergency surgeries,stoma reversal
• prolonged surgery
• vertical incision
• operations involving bowel
• expertise of operating surgeon
• increase blood loss
Post operative factors
• wound site infection
• mechanical ventilation
• Post operative ileus
• coughing
28.
29. Pathophysiology of ventral wall hernia;
• the abdominopelvic cavity is a cylinder enveloped by muscles tendons
and bony structures.
• If intra abdominal pressure > abdominal wall pressure, the wall ruputure
at the weakest point causing herniation based on Laplace law which
states in an elastic spherical vessel the tension pressure wall thickness
and diameter are related by
tension= (diameter* pressure)
-------------------------------
(4* wall thickness)
32. Umblical Hernia: the umblical defect
is present at birth but closes as the
stump of the umblical cord heals
within a week of birth
.Umblical hernia in children;occurs
in upto 10% of infants more in
premature babies.
.Umblical hernias in adults; usually
occurs due to increase intra
abdominal pressure such as obesity
pregnancy ascites etc
33. • Epigastric hernia: they usually are
smaller hernias and begin as transverse
split in the midline raphe and are usually
<1cm in size and are elliptical in shape
and contains extraperitoneal fat as
content.
• Spigelian Hernia:they arise through a
defect in the spigelian fascia and may
advance through the internal oblique to
spread out deep to the external oblique
aponeurosis.
34. Lumbar hernias
• They are relatively rare, more common in males and are twice as common on the left than
the right side.
• Patients are usually between 50 to 70 years old.
• These hernias can occur anywhere within the lumbar region but are more common through
the superior lumbar triangle (of Grynfeltt-LesshaftThe inferior lumbar triangle (of Petit.
Lumbar hernias have been classified as congenital (20%) or acquired (80%).
• If acquired, they may be primary (55%) or secondary following trauma, surgery or
inflammation (25%)
35. The superiorlumbar triangle (of Grynfeltt-
Lesshaft)
◦ Boundaries
• medially: the quadratus lumborum muscle
• superiorly: twelfth rib
• laterally: internal oblique muscle
• floor: transversalisfascia and the
aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis
muscle of the abdomen
• roof: external oblique and latissimusdorsi
muscles
The inferior triangle of ( petit)
◦ Boundaries
• inferiorly: iliac crest
• anteriorly: external oblique muscle
• posteriorly:latissimus dorsi muscle
• floor: internal oblique muscle
36. Parastomal hernia:Parastomal
hernia is a type of incisional
hernia occurring in abdominal
integuments in the vicinity of a
stoma, i.e. a condition wherein
abdominal contents, typically the
bowel or greater omentum,
protrude through abdominal
integuments surrounded by the
hernia sac at the location of
formed stoma.
37. Investigation and evaluation
The presentation of an abdominal wall hernia is usually pain, swelling or
fullness at the site of occurrence that can change with position or
Valsalva. In some cases when a hernia is incarcerated or strangulated, the
enlargement may be erythematous or cause an asymmetry. In
most cases, the diagnosis of an abdominal hernia can be made by history
and physical exam but severe obesity, which is a major risk factor, can
limit the exam.
38. Ultasonography;
for occult small hernis
obese patients
recurrent hernias
incisional hernias
complex hernias
Advantages of USG;
inexpensive
Non invasive
No radiation
Portable
39. DYNAMIC ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY FOR HERNIA(DASH)
the technique uses a 12-MHz linear ultrasound probe in five sequential
cranial to caudal passes of the ventral abdominal wall to detect even
small fascial defects
its sensitivity is 98% ans specificity of around 88%.
40. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Due to its rapid image acquisition, demonstration of fine morphologic
detail, 3-D reconstructability and reproducibility, CT is generally the most
popular imaging modality for the evaluation of ventral abdominal hernias.
Relatively cheaper
Excellent anatomical delineation
Permitts visualization of the whole abdomen
Good Spatial resolution
Superior temporal resolution
46. Component separation index;On
the axial CT slice that shows the
hernia orifice at its widest, lines
are drawn from the medial edges
of the rectus abdominis
muscles to meet at a point on the
anterior wall of the aorta. The
angle between these two lines is
the angle of diastasis. The
component separation index is
the angle of diastasis divided by
360° 2
Values above 0.21 tend to
increase the likelihood of
requiring interpositional mesh
repair.
47. Carbonell equation
If the RDR(rectus to defect ratio) is > 2, routine
surgical repair will be able to close the abdominal
wall defect in 90% of cases.
If the RDR is < 1.5, in more than 52% of the repairs,
additional component separation technique is
required.
◦ Image I
In this patient the Rectus to Defect Ratio: (49 mm +
43 mm) / 157 mm = 0.58.
This ratio predicts that hernia closure will probably
not be possible without performing a component
separation technique
◦ Image 2;In a different patient, the Rectus to Defect
Ratio is: (73 mm + 81 mm) / 51 mm = 3.
Contrary to the previous case, hernia closure will be
possible without performing a component separation
technique.
48. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Compared to CT, MRI offers the advantage of direct multiplane imaging
without ionizing radiation and the use of contrast agents. A relative merit
of MRI is the excellent demonstration of abdominal wall layers.
It can be used in patients where ct scan is contraindicated.
Concomittent pelvic pathologies.
Demerits;
• contraindicated in patients with
metallic prosthesis
claustrophobia
• long scan timing
• expensive