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Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates that have several distinguishing characteristics. Their forelimbs are modified into wings for flight, while their hind limbs are used for walking and swimming. Birds have lightweight, hollow bones filled with air cavities called pneumatic bones that help reduce weight for flight. They also have feathers that reduce air resistance and flexible neck vertebrae. Most birds excrete uric acid through their kidneys and intestines, though some like hummingbirds excrete ammonia and creatine. They lack a urinary bladder and excrete through a cloaca, a posterior opening used for excretion, mating and egg-laying.
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Fish(PISCES) general characters
Pisces are poikilothermic vertebrates that are completely aquatic and breathe through gills. They have streamlined bodies differentiated into head, trunk, and tail. Their exoskeleton consists of scales or bony plates and their endoskeleton is either cartilaginous or bony. Locomotion is provided by paired and unpaired fins while respiration occurs through gills. Pisces have a two-chambered heart and primarily ammonotelic kidneys.
Pisces
Three biologists - Ernst Haeckel in 1894, Robert Whittaker in 1959, and Carl Woese in 1977 - independently classified living organisms into taxonomic groups called kingdoms. Whittaker classified life into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Pisces is one of the characteristics of the Animalia kingdom. Pisces refers to fish, which are aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits and have a tough scaly skin and gills. Modern fish classes include cartilaginous fish like sharks and bony fish.
Phylum Chordata - Class Pisces
All chordates share four key characteristics: a notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail. In vertebrates, the notochord disintegrates and is replaced by a backbone with vertebrae made of cartilage or bone. The evolution of hinged jaws allowed vertebrates to eat a wide variety of prey. Gills function through diffusion, with oxygen diffusing from the higher concentrated water into the lower concentrated blood capillaries. Bony fishes have a stiff calcium-reinforced skeleton while cartilaginous fishes like sharks and rays have a cartilage skeleton that allows smooth movement.
ADAPTATION OF BIRDS FOR AERIAL LIFE
This document summarizes the structural and functional adaptations of birds for aerial life. It discusses both morphological and anatomical adaptations. Morphological adaptations include a compact body, feathers, winged forelimbs, a short tail, beak, mobile neck/head, and bipedal locomotion. Anatomical adaptations include large flight muscles, respiratory and circulatory systems adapted for flight, high metabolism and endothermy, specialized senses, and reproductive and excretory systems that reduce body weight. Overall, birds have evolved numerous internal and external modifications that enable sustained flight.
Pisces classication ppt
General fish classification:- bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes.
Character of bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes...
Locomotion Flying And Gliding
Flying and gliding animals have several advantages over non-volant animals including access to food sources like insects, flowers, and prey that are only available airborne or at height. Examples of flyers include bats, birds ranging from hummingbirds to extinct giant vultures, and flying reptiles like pterosaurs. Gliders include some fish, lizards, snakes, and mammals. Flying requires adaptations for lift, reducing drag, propulsion at varying speeds, and maintaining stability and control during flight. Control is achieved through different wing shapes adapted for maneuvers, speeds, and soaring.
Fishes
This document discusses chordates and vertebrates. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and belong to the phylum chordata. It also describes two other chordate groups, lancelets and tunicates. Key characteristics of chordates include having a tail, nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and notochord. The document then focuses on characteristics of vertebrates like their backbone and skull. It classifies vertebrates as either warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Finally, it outlines the three classes of fish and characteristics like breathing with gills and reproduction through external fertilization.
Fish classification
The document classifies fishes and discusses the order Crossopterygii. Crossopterygii have internal nares, lobed fins except the first dorsal fin, scales with a cosmic layer, an air bladder that is lug-like, and a persistent notochord with unossified vertebrae. It also notes that Osteichthyes includes approximately 96% of all fish species.
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Fish(PISCES) general characters
Pisces are poikilothermic vertebrates that are completely aquatic and breathe through gills. They have streamlined bodies differentiated into head, trunk, and tail. Their exoskeleton consists of scales or bony plates and their endoskeleton is either cartilaginous or bony. Locomotion is provided by paired and unpaired fins while respiration occurs through gills. Pisces have a two-chambered heart and primarily ammonotelic kidneys.
Pisces
Three biologists - Ernst Haeckel in 1894, Robert Whittaker in 1959, and Carl Woese in 1977 - independently classified living organisms into taxonomic groups called kingdoms. Whittaker classified life into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Pisces is one of the characteristics of the Animalia kingdom. Pisces refers to fish, which are aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits and have a tough scaly skin and gills. Modern fish classes include cartilaginous fish like sharks and bony fish.
Phylum Chordata - Class Pisces
All chordates share four key characteristics: a notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail. In vertebrates, the notochord disintegrates and is replaced by a backbone with vertebrae made of cartilage or bone. The evolution of hinged jaws allowed vertebrates to eat a wide variety of prey. Gills function through diffusion, with oxygen diffusing from the higher concentrated water into the lower concentrated blood capillaries. Bony fishes have a stiff calcium-reinforced skeleton while cartilaginous fishes like sharks and rays have a cartilage skeleton that allows smooth movement.
ADAPTATION OF BIRDS FOR AERIAL LIFE
This document summarizes the structural and functional adaptations of birds for aerial life. It discusses both morphological and anatomical adaptations. Morphological adaptations include a compact body, feathers, winged forelimbs, a short tail, beak, mobile neck/head, and bipedal locomotion. Anatomical adaptations include large flight muscles, respiratory and circulatory systems adapted for flight, high metabolism and endothermy, specialized senses, and reproductive and excretory systems that reduce body weight. Overall, birds have evolved numerous internal and external modifications that enable sustained flight.
Pisces classication ppt
General fish classification:- bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes.
Character of bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes...
Locomotion Flying And Gliding
Flying and gliding animals have several advantages over non-volant animals including access to food sources like insects, flowers, and prey that are only available airborne or at height. Examples of flyers include bats, birds ranging from hummingbirds to extinct giant vultures, and flying reptiles like pterosaurs. Gliders include some fish, lizards, snakes, and mammals. Flying requires adaptations for lift, reducing drag, propulsion at varying speeds, and maintaining stability and control during flight. Control is achieved through different wing shapes adapted for maneuvers, speeds, and soaring.
Fishes
This document discusses chordates and vertebrates. It notes that vertebrates have backbones and belong to the phylum chordata. It also describes two other chordate groups, lancelets and tunicates. Key characteristics of chordates include having a tail, nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches and notochord. The document then focuses on characteristics of vertebrates like their backbone and skull. It classifies vertebrates as either warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Finally, it outlines the three classes of fish and characteristics like breathing with gills and reproduction through external fertilization.
Fish classification
The document classifies fishes and discusses the order Crossopterygii. Crossopterygii have internal nares, lobed fins except the first dorsal fin, scales with a cosmic layer, an air bladder that is lug-like, and a persistent notochord with unossified vertebrae. It also notes that Osteichthyes includes approximately 96% of all fish species.
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This document summarizes the different types of skulls found in reptiles:
- Anapsid skulls, found in primitive reptiles and turtles, have no temporal fenestrae.
- Euryapsid skulls, found in marine reptiles like plesiosaurs, have a single pair of fenestrae high on the skull.
- Parapsid skulls, seen in ichthyosaurs, are similar but with additional bones bordering the single fenestrae.
- Diapsid skulls, common in living reptiles and dinosaurs, contain two pairs of fenestrae on each side of the skull.
- Synapsid skulls, seen in early mammal-like reptiles
Class pisces
This document describes the class Pisces, or fish. It notes that fish are vertebrates that live in water and cannot regulate their body temperature. They have organs like gills for respiration and circulation. The document outlines characteristics of fish like streamlined bodies, fins, scales, cold-bloodedness, and different diets and reproductive strategies. It classifies fish into three main categories: extinct placoderms, cartilaginous fish like sharks, and bony fish found in various aquatic environments.
Systematics of gastropod snail
The Gastropoda class includes snails and slugs found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. There are three main subclasses - Prosobranchiata which have gills and separate sexes, Opisthobranchiata which have reduced or absent shells and are hermaphrodites, and Pulmonata which breathe through lungs. Pulmonata are further divided into orders including Basommatophora which have one genital opening, Stylommatophora which include land snails and slugs, and Systellommatophora which are tropical slugs. Gastropods play important ecological roles and exhibit tremendous diversity in shell structure, habitat, and reproductive strategies.
Fish classification by deepak rawal
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Reptiles class
1. Reptiles originated from primitive labyrinthodont amphibians during the Carboniferous period and underwent two major periods of adaptive radiation - in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
2. During the Mesozoic era, reptiles dominated land, sea and air, represented by 16 orders, including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, marine reptiles and the ancestors of modern crocodiles and birds.
3. Transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx provide evidence that birds evolved from reptiles with feathers and wishbones evolving among traits shared with modern avians.
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Pisces general characters and classification - copy
This document provides information on the general characteristics of fishes. It discusses:
1) Fishes are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that first evolved in the Silurian period and increased in number during the Devonian period.
2) They have a streamlined body with scales or plates, paired and unpaired fins, breathe through gills, and vary greatly in size.
3) Fishes are classified into three classes - Placodermi, Elasmobranchii, and Osteichthyes - based on their skeleton composition and other features.
Vertebrates
This document provides information about different types of vertebrates including fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. It describes some key characteristics of each group and examples of common species. The document aims to classify different vertebrate animals according to their defining physical attributes and environmental adaptations.
Fish classification
This document provides an overview of fish classification systems presented by Nelson in 1984 and updated in 2016. It outlines the major taxonomic groups of fish, including jawless fish (hagfish and lampreys), cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays), and bony fish classified into ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. The updated 2016 classification separates hagfish from other fish and divides bony fish into two subclasses based on fin structure.
Fish morphology
1. Fish morphology plays a key role in identifying a fish's habitat and niche. The document discusses different aspects of fish morphology including body shape, fins, scales, mouth shape, and more.
2. Body shape indicates how a fish moves and where it lives, such as flat bodies for bottom dwellers and streamlined bodies for open water swimmers. Fin type also relates to locomotion and behavior.
3. Scale type reflects fish evolution, ranging from armor-like ganoid to tooth-like placoid scales. Mouth position is adapted for feeding strategies such as grazing or bottom-feeding.
Presentation on aquatic mammals
The document discusses the aquatic adaptation of mammals. It acknowledges those who helped with the seminar topic. The contents include introduction, adaptation of aquatic mammals, modification and loss of original structures, development of new structures, types of aquatic mammals, and conclusion. It describes various anatomical modifications that aquatic mammals undergo, such as streamlined bodies, flippers, valvular nostrils, large lungs, blubber, and tail flukes to adapt to aquatic living.
Reptiles
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that first evolved around 330 million years ago. They are covered in scales or scutes and lay amniotic eggs, allowing them to reproduce on land. Reptiles are classified based on characteristics of their skin, skeleton, respiration and other features. There are three major subclasses - Anapsida which includes modern turtles, Synapsida which are mammal-like reptiles, and Diapsida which is the largest group and includes lizards, snakes and crocodilians. Orders within these subclasses differ in traits like teeth, limbs and diet. Reptiles inhabit diverse habitats globally except Antarctica, with some limitations due to their inability to regulate body temperature.
Classification of fishes
Classification of Fishes can be summarized as follows:
1. Fishes are classified based on their anatomical features and placed in a systematic hierarchy ranging from superclass to species. Some key groups include chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes like sharks), osteichthyes (bony fishes), actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes).
2. Important historical schemes for classifying fishes were proposed by scientists such as Berg in 1940, who grouped fishes based on characteristics like jaw structure, fin morphology, scale type and vertebral structure.
3. Major fish groups discussed in
flight adaptation in birds
ppt on flight adaptation
a well prepared ppt on the topic of bird's flight adaptation.
a good collaboration of knowledge on this topic , hope all of you like this
plz like and share if you like it
Agnatha
There are only a few vertebrates that have no jaws, such as lampreys and hagfish. Jaws evolved from gill arches in fish and provided benefits like being able to hold food so it couldn't escape from the stomach. Paired fins also evolved around the same time, and it would have been difficult to swim without front fins. Both lampreys and hagfish are jawless fish, with lampreys having an eel-like body structure and hagfish having eyes beneath their skin and no vertebrae.
Diversity of fishes
The document summarizes the diversity of fishes, including their defining characteristics and classification. It describes the three main classes of fishes: jawless Agnatha such as hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous Chondrichthyes including sharks and rays, and bony Osteichthyes such as ray-finned fish. Key traits discussed include types of skeleton, presence of jaws, fins, and scales. Examples are provided of distinguishing features for different groups like sharks, rays, and bony fish.
Fish Morphology
This document provides an overview of fish morphology and anatomy. It describes the basic body divisions of head, trunk, and tail. It then discusses various body shapes and tail types that influence how fish move and live. These include elongated, compressed, rounded, and forked tail shapes. It also covers scale types, mouth positions, coloration strategies for camouflage and defense, and schooling behavior. The goal is to understand how fish body forms relate to their environment and lifestyle.
General Characteristics of Aves | Dr.BGR Publications
Birds are vertebrate animals that are warm-blooded, have feathers, lay eggs, and possess wings adapted for flight. Their bodies are often streamlined with light bones containing air cavities. They lack teeth but have beaks adapted for feeding. Birds have specialized respiratory, circulatory, digestive and reproductive systems adapted for flight including hollow bones, spongy lungs, a four-chambered heart, and a single left ovary. Common examples are pigeons, parrots, sparrows, owls, penguins, hummingbirds, crows and ostriches.
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This presentation discusses rotifers and acanthocephalans. It is presented by 5 students and discusses the body structure, nervous system, feeding, and life cycle of rotifers. Rotifers are microscopic pseudocoelomate animals found in freshwater environments and soil. The presentation then discusses acanthocephalans, which are parasitic worms with a proboscis used to pierce hosts' guts. Their life cycles involve at least two hosts and they have up to 1420 species. It describes their physical and morphological characteristics, digestion, proboscis, size, skin, nervous system, and life cycle.
Reptiles
This document provides information about reptiles presented by a group including Shamroz Khan, Dastagir Sial, Shoaib Awan, Maher Faisal, and Sohaib Akram. It discusses the characteristics of reptiles including their scales, eggs, and tetrapod anatomy. It also outlines the orders of reptiles such as testudines (turtles), rhynchocephalia, squamata (lizards and snakes), and crocodilia. The document describes some key adaptations reptiles have developed like their snouts, airways, tails, digestive systems, and reproduction abilities.
Classification of Organisms.pptx
This document provides information about classification of organisms. It discusses the key features used to classify organisms into taxonomic groups such as species, genera, kingdoms. It outlines several kingdoms including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Prokaryota. Within the animal kingdom, it describes characteristics of major phyla including arthropods, chordates and their classes. It also discusses the binomial nomenclature system and provides examples of scientific names.
Birds
This document provides an overview of birds, including their:
- Adaptations for flight including feathers, lightweight skeletons, and specialized respiratory systems.
- Global distribution in most habitats.
- Varied diets and specialized beaks.
- Reproduction through shelled eggs and parental care of hatchlings.
- Complex social behaviors like mating systems, migration, and nesting.
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What's hot
Skull typpes
This document summarizes the different types of skulls found in reptiles:
- Anapsid skulls, found in primitive reptiles and turtles, have no temporal fenestrae.
- Euryapsid skulls, found in marine reptiles like plesiosaurs, have a single pair of fenestrae high on the skull.
- Parapsid skulls, seen in ichthyosaurs, are similar but with additional bones bordering the single fenestrae.
- Diapsid skulls, common in living reptiles and dinosaurs, contain two pairs of fenestrae on each side of the skull.
- Synapsid skulls, seen in early mammal-like reptiles
Class pisces
This document describes the class Pisces, or fish. It notes that fish are vertebrates that live in water and cannot regulate their body temperature. They have organs like gills for respiration and circulation. The document outlines characteristics of fish like streamlined bodies, fins, scales, cold-bloodedness, and different diets and reproductive strategies. It classifies fish into three main categories: extinct placoderms, cartilaginous fish like sharks, and bony fish found in various aquatic environments.
Systematics of gastropod snail
The Gastropoda class includes snails and slugs found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. There are three main subclasses - Prosobranchiata which have gills and separate sexes, Opisthobranchiata which have reduced or absent shells and are hermaphrodites, and Pulmonata which breathe through lungs. Pulmonata are further divided into orders including Basommatophora which have one genital opening, Stylommatophora which include land snails and slugs, and Systellommatophora which are tropical slugs. Gastropods play important ecological roles and exhibit tremendous diversity in shell structure, habitat, and reproductive strategies.
Fish classification by deepak rawal
The document presents the classification of fish, beginning with general characteristics of the phylum Pisces. It describes the main classes of fish including Placodermi, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes. Within these classes, the document outlines different orders of fish, providing examples and key distinguishing characteristics for each order.
Reptiles class
1. Reptiles originated from primitive labyrinthodont amphibians during the Carboniferous period and underwent two major periods of adaptive radiation - in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
2. During the Mesozoic era, reptiles dominated land, sea and air, represented by 16 orders, including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, marine reptiles and the ancestors of modern crocodiles and birds.
3. Transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx provide evidence that birds evolved from reptiles with feathers and wishbones evolving among traits shared with modern avians.
A presentation on order orthoptera
This document presents information on the order Orthoptera. It discusses their general characteristics such as having filiform antennae, mandibulate mouthparts, and saltatorial hind legs. It provides details on 3 suborders: Caelifera, Ensifera, and Gryllotalpidae. Key families discussed include Acrididae, Tettigonidae, and Gryllidae. Acrididae such as grasshoppers and locusts have short antennae and produce sound via a femoro-alary mechanism. Tettigonidae like katydids have long antennae and produce sound alarily. Crickets from the family Gryllidae make chirping noises at night.
Pisces general characters and classification - copy
This document provides information on the general characteristics of fishes. It discusses:
1) Fishes are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that first evolved in the Silurian period and increased in number during the Devonian period.
2) They have a streamlined body with scales or plates, paired and unpaired fins, breathe through gills, and vary greatly in size.
3) Fishes are classified into three classes - Placodermi, Elasmobranchii, and Osteichthyes - based on their skeleton composition and other features.
Vertebrates
This document provides information about different types of vertebrates including fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. It describes some key characteristics of each group and examples of common species. The document aims to classify different vertebrate animals according to their defining physical attributes and environmental adaptations.
Fish classification
This document provides an overview of fish classification systems presented by Nelson in 1984 and updated in 2016. It outlines the major taxonomic groups of fish, including jawless fish (hagfish and lampreys), cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays), and bony fish classified into ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. The updated 2016 classification separates hagfish from other fish and divides bony fish into two subclasses based on fin structure.
Fish morphology
1. Fish morphology plays a key role in identifying a fish's habitat and niche. The document discusses different aspects of fish morphology including body shape, fins, scales, mouth shape, and more.
2. Body shape indicates how a fish moves and where it lives, such as flat bodies for bottom dwellers and streamlined bodies for open water swimmers. Fin type also relates to locomotion and behavior.
3. Scale type reflects fish evolution, ranging from armor-like ganoid to tooth-like placoid scales. Mouth position is adapted for feeding strategies such as grazing or bottom-feeding.
Presentation on aquatic mammals
The document discusses the aquatic adaptation of mammals. It acknowledges those who helped with the seminar topic. The contents include introduction, adaptation of aquatic mammals, modification and loss of original structures, development of new structures, types of aquatic mammals, and conclusion. It describes various anatomical modifications that aquatic mammals undergo, such as streamlined bodies, flippers, valvular nostrils, large lungs, blubber, and tail flukes to adapt to aquatic living.
Reptiles
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that first evolved around 330 million years ago. They are covered in scales or scutes and lay amniotic eggs, allowing them to reproduce on land. Reptiles are classified based on characteristics of their skin, skeleton, respiration and other features. There are three major subclasses - Anapsida which includes modern turtles, Synapsida which are mammal-like reptiles, and Diapsida which is the largest group and includes lizards, snakes and crocodilians. Orders within these subclasses differ in traits like teeth, limbs and diet. Reptiles inhabit diverse habitats globally except Antarctica, with some limitations due to their inability to regulate body temperature.
Classification of fishes
Classification of Fishes can be summarized as follows:
1. Fishes are classified based on their anatomical features and placed in a systematic hierarchy ranging from superclass to species. Some key groups include chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes like sharks), osteichthyes (bony fishes), actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes).
2. Important historical schemes for classifying fishes were proposed by scientists such as Berg in 1940, who grouped fishes based on characteristics like jaw structure, fin morphology, scale type and vertebral structure.
3. Major fish groups discussed in
flight adaptation in birds
ppt on flight adaptation
a well prepared ppt on the topic of bird's flight adaptation.
a good collaboration of knowledge on this topic , hope all of you like this
plz like and share if you like it
Agnatha
There are only a few vertebrates that have no jaws, such as lampreys and hagfish. Jaws evolved from gill arches in fish and provided benefits like being able to hold food so it couldn't escape from the stomach. Paired fins also evolved around the same time, and it would have been difficult to swim without front fins. Both lampreys and hagfish are jawless fish, with lampreys having an eel-like body structure and hagfish having eyes beneath their skin and no vertebrae.
Diversity of fishes
The document summarizes the diversity of fishes, including their defining characteristics and classification. It describes the three main classes of fishes: jawless Agnatha such as hagfish and lampreys, cartilaginous Chondrichthyes including sharks and rays, and bony Osteichthyes such as ray-finned fish. Key traits discussed include types of skeleton, presence of jaws, fins, and scales. Examples are provided of distinguishing features for different groups like sharks, rays, and bony fish.
Fish Morphology
This document provides an overview of fish morphology and anatomy. It describes the basic body divisions of head, trunk, and tail. It then discusses various body shapes and tail types that influence how fish move and live. These include elongated, compressed, rounded, and forked tail shapes. It also covers scale types, mouth positions, coloration strategies for camouflage and defense, and schooling behavior. The goal is to understand how fish body forms relate to their environment and lifestyle.
General Characteristics of Aves | Dr.BGR Publications
Birds are vertebrate animals that are warm-blooded, have feathers, lay eggs, and possess wings adapted for flight. Their bodies are often streamlined with light bones containing air cavities. They lack teeth but have beaks adapted for feeding. Birds have specialized respiratory, circulatory, digestive and reproductive systems adapted for flight including hollow bones, spongy lungs, a four-chambered heart, and a single left ovary. Common examples are pigeons, parrots, sparrows, owls, penguins, hummingbirds, crows and ostriches.
Rotifera,acanthocephala
This presentation discusses rotifers and acanthocephalans. It is presented by 5 students and discusses the body structure, nervous system, feeding, and life cycle of rotifers. Rotifers are microscopic pseudocoelomate animals found in freshwater environments and soil. The presentation then discusses acanthocephalans, which are parasitic worms with a proboscis used to pierce hosts' guts. Their life cycles involve at least two hosts and they have up to 1420 species. It describes their physical and morphological characteristics, digestion, proboscis, size, skin, nervous system, and life cycle.
Reptiles
This document provides information about reptiles presented by a group including Shamroz Khan, Dastagir Sial, Shoaib Awan, Maher Faisal, and Sohaib Akram. It discusses the characteristics of reptiles including their scales, eggs, and tetrapod anatomy. It also outlines the orders of reptiles such as testudines (turtles), rhynchocephalia, squamata (lizards and snakes), and crocodilia. The document describes some key adaptations reptiles have developed like their snouts, airways, tails, digestive systems, and reproduction abilities.
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Pisces general characters and classification - copy
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General Characteristics of Aves | Dr.BGR Publications
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This document provides information about classification of organisms. It discusses the key features used to classify organisms into taxonomic groups such as species, genera, kingdoms. It outlines several kingdoms including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Prokaryota. Within the animal kingdom, it describes characteristics of major phyla including arthropods, chordates and their classes. It also discusses the binomial nomenclature system and provides examples of scientific names.
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This document provides an overview of different animal groups:
- Amphibians such as frogs and salamanders spend time both in water and on land, laying jelly-covered eggs in water and breathing through gills, lungs or skin.
- Birds come in many varieties from hummingbirds to ostriches and can be grouped by habitat, diet or physical features.
- Fish are cold-blooded, lay eggs, have scales and fins instead of legs, and breathe through gills in water.
- Insects have six legs, three body parts, an exoskeleton, one or two pairs of wings, are cold-blooded and lay many eggs.
- Mammals are intelligent,
Adaptation
This document summarizes the adaptations of different types of organisms to their environments. It describes how aquatic plants and animals are adapted for life in water, having traits like floatation devices, gills, and streamlined bodies. It also outlines adaptations of terrestrial organisms like specialized limbs and senses that allow cursorial, fossorial, arboreal, aerial, desert, and xerophytic plants to survive on land. Overall, the document covers the wide variety of physical adaptations observed across living things that allow occupation of diverse habitats.
Adaptation
This document summarizes the adaptations of different types of organisms to their environments. It describes how aquatic plants and animals are adapted for life in water, having traits like floatation devices, gills, and streamlined bodies. It also outlines adaptations of terrestrial organisms like specialized limbs and senses that allow cursorial, fossorial, arboreal, aerial, desert, and xerophytic plants to survive on land. Overall, the document covers the wide variety of physical adaptations observed across living things that allow occupation of diverse habitats.
Anatomy of Birds
The anatomy of birds is different to that of most mammals, in a number of immediately obvious ways.
First, they walk on two legs and have two wings. Then, they have feathers instead of hair… and a beak instead of jaws with teeth.
They are warm blooded with a normal body temperature of around 40°C, several degrees warmer than most mammals. They also have two eyes and two ears, though these are not normally visible.
Most birds have little or no sense of smell.
VERTEBRATES COMPLETE LECTUR E NOTES.pptx
This document discusses the phylogeny and morphology of vertebrates and amphibians. It covers the five classes of vertebrates which are fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For fishes, it describes the two types of modern fishes and discusses characteristics of cartilaginous fishes. It also covers taxonomy of fishes and adaptations of body forms. For amphibians, it discusses characteristics and challenges of terrestrial life, orders of amphibians, and patterns of reproduction. Finally, it covers characteristics of reptiles, taxonomy of reptiles including orders, and families of snakes.
VERTEBRATES COMPLETE LECTURE NOTES.pptxs
This document discusses the phylogeny and morphology of vertebrates and amphibians. It covers the five classes of vertebrates which are fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For fishes, it describes the two types of modern fishes and provides characteristics of cartilaginous fishes. It also discusses the classification and characteristics of amphibians and reptiles, including how they evolved and adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Key orders within each group are identified and compared.
BIOLOGY VERTEBRATE Lesson 4 CLASS AVES.pptx
Birds evolved from archosaurian reptiles over 140 million years ago. While birds and reptiles share some similarities like scales on feet and ear structures, birds differ in being warm-blooded and having modified skeletons for flight including hollow bones. The earliest known bird, Archaeopteryx, retained some reptilian traits but had feathers and wings adapted for gliding. Modern bird skeletons are highly specialized for flight through modifications like fused bones that reduce weight and a keeled sternum anchoring strong flight muscles. While most birds fly, some like ostriches are flightless with reduced wings and keels due to island evolution without predators.
Bird sucy.pptx
Birds are vertebrate animals with feathers and wings that come in a wide range of sizes, from hummingbirds to ostriches. They exhibit a diverse range of morphologies and behaviors adapted to their environments and diets. Their beaks, claws, legs, and other features have evolved in different ways depending on whether they eat meat, plants, or other foods. While many birds fly, some like chickens and ostriches cannot fly but have provided humans with meat, eggs, and other benefits as a source of protein over long domestication.
Vertebrates
Esta presentación ha sido elaborada para alumnos de 5º de Educación Primaria, en el área de Ciencias de la Naturaleza (Science). Con ella, podrán conocer los diferentes tipos de vertebrados que existen y poder estudiarlos de una forma motivadora y sintetizada.
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Chapter 14 & 15- fish, anphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Chapter 14 & 15- fish, anphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
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Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
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Aves
- 1. General characters of Aves K.Rajani D.L in Microbiology
- 2. Take a look
- 3. Introcuction ▪ Aves are the class of birds belongs to the subphylum vertebrata. ▪ They are having so many special characteristics. ▪ Birds having different sizes starting from5.5cm to 2.8m
- 4. General charecters ▪ Warm blooded animals ▪ They can maintain their body temperature constantly with the help of feathers. ▪ Their forelimbs are modified as wings. ▪ Their hind limbs are used for walking, swimming, etc. ▪ They have flight muscles helpful for flying.
- 5. Bones & wings ▪ Their bones are hallow in nature filled with air cavity and are called as pneumatic bones. ▪ Resistance of wind will be reduced by the spindle shape of body. ▪ Air friction reduced by feathers. ▪ Their cervical vertebrae are flexible. ▪ Rib bones are flat and sternum is keeled for attachment of flight muscles except for flightless birds. ▪ Birds don’t have wings are extinct species ex:-moa lived in New Zealand , elephant birds lived in Madagascar island.
- 6. General charecteristics •Birds have most complex respiratory system. •Kidneys extract nitrogenous waste material from blood stream and excrete in the form of uric acid in to intestine through ureters. But humming birds excrete in the form of ammonia and creatine. •Birds don’t have urinary bladder.They excrete uric acid along with feces. •Ostrich have urinary bladder.
- 7. General Charecteristics • Birds have a posterior opening called cloaca for excretion, mating, laying eggs and regurgitating. • There is no cloaca for altricial passerine nestlings they excrete in to slimy pouch called fecal sac. • Female birds have only one ovary and oviduct on left side only except 16 orders of birds. Even though rarely present on right side they are non functional. • Sex of birds determined by the Z andW chromosomes. • Male – ZZ, Female- WZ