Esta presentación ha sido elaborada para alumnos de 5º de Educación Primaria, en el área de Ciencias de la Naturaleza (Science). Con ella, podrán conocer los diferentes tipos de vertebrados que existen y poder estudiarlos de una forma motivadora y sintetizada.

1. VERTEBRATES

2. There are many different types of animals in the
world. Many animals are quite similar to each
other. Others are quite different. Animals can be
classified based on their similarities.
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

4. VERTEBRATES
Animals with an internal skeleton
made of bone are called vertebrates.
Vertebrates include fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals, primates, rodents and
marsupials.
Although vertebrates represent
only a very small percentage of
all animals, their size and
mobility often allow them to
dominate their environment.

5. 1. MAMMALS
All mammals have a head, a
trunk and limbs. However,
they differ in their limbs and
bodies. Most mammals have
legs, some have fins, and
bats have wings. Many
mammals have a body
covered with hair or fur.
Mammals can keep their body temperature constant when the
outside temperature changes. For this reason, they are called
warm-blooded animals. They breathe air through their lungs.

6. Mammals are viviparous. They young grow inside
the female´s body, receiving oxygen and nutrients.
Baby mammals drink their mother´s milk.
Mammals live in different habitats. Most mammals are
terrestrial. However, some mammals, such as dolphins,
are aquatic. They breathe at the water´s surface.

7. Common mammals include: Primates, carnivores,
ungulates, cetaceans, marsupials and rodents.

8. 1.1. MARSUPIALS
Marsupials are members of the mammal family. However,
they are different from other mammals because they
have an abdominal pouch to carry their young.
The marsupial female gives birth very early and the baby
animal climbs from the mother's birth canal to her
pouch. Here, the baby marsupial continues to develop for
weeks, or even months, depending on the species.

9. 1.2. PRIMATES
Humans are part of the primate family. Primates
have five fingers on their hands and feet.
Their eyes are on the front of the head, not on
the sides like many animals.

10. 1.3. CARNIVORES
Carnivores eat meat. They have sharp teeth
and feet with claws. A carnivore is a predator
because it has to find and catch its prey.
Some carnivores,
such as wolves,
hunt in a group
called a pack. They
move silently and
slowly to form a
circle around their
prey before they
attack.

11. 1.4. UNGULATES
Ungulates are mammals that eat
plants, they doesn´t hunt for
food, so that, they are
herbivores. They have feet with
hooves.

12. 1.5. CETACEANS
Cetaceans are marine mammals. They cannot
breathe under water. They must come to the
surface to breathe air. They have no hair. They
swim by moving their tails and flippers.

13. 1.6. RODENTS
The largest family of mammals is
the rodents. They have a large
incisor teeth and the way they eat.

14. 2. BIRDS
Birds have a head, a trunk, a tail and limbs. The
front limbs are wings, and the back limbs are legs.
A bird´s skin is covered with feathers. Using their
wings, most birds can fly.
Birds can keep their body temperature
constant when the outside temperature
changes. For this reason, they are called
warm-blooded animals. They breathe
through their lungs.

15. Female birds lay eggs on land. Female birds, and
sometimes male birds, keep their eggs warm
with their body heat. This process is called
incubation. When baby birds are born, at least
one parent feeds and cares for them.
All birds are terrestrial, but some
spend a lot of time in water.

16. Each bird species eats its own type of food such as seeds,
fruit, insects or other birds. A bird´s mouth is covered by a
hard beak. The shape of the beak is appropriate for the
type of food which the bird eats.
PERCHING
BIRDS
FOWL SWIMMING
BIRDS
RUNNERS BIRDS OF PREY WADING BIRDS

17. 3. REPTILES
Reptiles have been around for 300 million
years, even during the dinosaur age. The most
common reptiles include alligators, crocodiles,
lizards, snakes, tortoises and turtles. Reptiles
are air-breathing animals and they can live on
land or in water.
The most noticeable feature of reptiles are the scales that
cover their body. The majority of female reptiles lay eggs
to give birth to their young. They are oviparous
Although reptiles breathe through lungs, some reptiles can also
absorb oxygen in water through membranes in their mouth.

18. Reptiles are often called cold-blooded
because they can't regulate their own body
temperature. Their body temperature
depends on the external temperature.
They will lay in the sun to heat their body, or hide in the
ground, under a rock or in water to cool their body.

19. 3.1. CROCODILES
AND ALLIGATORS
Crocodiles and alligators are large reptiles that spend much
of their time on land and in water. They have four legs, and a
body covered with hard scales.
They can walk on land using their webbed feet. They can
also use their long tail to swim in water. Crocodiles feed on
large animals they catch on land or in water. They have
powerful jaws and teeth to tear apart their prey.

20. 3.2. LIZARDS
Lizards are small terrestrial reptiles. They have four very short legs and they
crawl.
Lizards are four legged animals with a long tail. Many lizards can shed their
tail to escape from predators. They can then grow a new tail.
Some lizards, such as the chameleon, can change colors to blend into their
environment. This camouflage helps to protect them from predators.

21. 3.3. SNAKES
Snakes don't have limbs. They move by
slithering along the ground.
Some snakes are poisonous, such as
the cobra. They have fangs which bite
into their prey and inject poison into
the victim.
Other snakes, such as the boa
constrictor and the python kill their
prey by crushing it.
Most snakes can dislocate their jaw,
allowing them to swallow prey much
larger than themselves.

22. 3.4. TURTLES
Some turtles live on land, while others live in the sea. They are
easily recognized by their shell. The turtle's shell is covered with
scales made keratin, the same material as human fingernails.
Many turtles can retract their head and limbs into their shell for
protection. Female turtles lay eggs to reproduce their young.
Turtles usually live in water and have large blade-shaped flippers for
swimming. Therefore, turtles find it hard to walk on land. The tortoise
has legs rather than flippers and can walk quiet well on land. The
tortoise has a large protective shell too. Tortoises can have longer life
span that humans, sometimes living to be over 150 years old.

23. 4. FISH
There are around 20.000 different species of fish. Fish
have a head, a trunk and a tail. A fish´s body is covered
with thin, shiny scales.
Fish live in water and use their fins to swim. Most fish
breathe through gills, located on the sides of the head.
They take in oxygen from water.
Fish are oviparous. Female fish lay their eggs in the
water. Baby fish are born from the eggs.
Fishes are vertebrates that have a skeleton made of
bone or cartilage. Many fish eat plants, while others
such as the shark, eat other fish.

24. 4.1. BONY FISH
About 95% of fishes have skeletons
made of bones. Some live in the sea,
but others live in rivers and lakes.

25. 4.2. CARTILAGINOUS FISH
They have skeletons made of
cartilage.
They live in the sea.

26. Amphibians are oviparous. The female lays
eggs in ponds or rivers. As young amphibians
grow, their appearance changes completely.
5. AMPHIBIANS
Amphibians have a head, a trunk and limbs. Some have tails.
They can live on land, but they stay in, or near, water to keep
their skin moist. Amphibians body temperature changes with its
environment. They are cold-blooded animals, such as reptiles.

27. 5.1. AMPHIBIANS
WITHOUT TAILS
Amphibians without tails, such as frogs,
have a wide body. They have long,
strong back legs which they use for
jumping. They catch their prey with
their long tongue.

28. 5.2. AMPHIBIANS WITH TAILS
Amphibians with tails, such as
salamanders, have a long body and four
limbs. All four limbs are approximately
the same length.