The document discusses an automatic braking system designed to prevent collisions by utilizing sensors to detect obstacles and an integrated microprocessor to activate brakes autonomously. It outlines the technology's significance, noting that it can reduce collision impacts and save lives as many drivers fail to brake in emergencies. The proposed system, initially tested on a prototype car, aims for further development to enhance its functionality in real vehicles.

1. Automatic Breaking System
FOR SAFETY TO AVOID EMINENT COLLISION
Team Members:
Muhammad Awais 2014-ME-364
Muhammad Tayab 2014-ME-367
Muhammad Bilal 2014-ME-395
Ahmad Nadeem 2014-ME-358
Aitzaz Ahmad 2014-ME-396

2.  Contents:
Introduction
Overview
Methodology
Components Used
Block Diagram
Extension of this System
Significance

3. Overview:
Automatic braking is a technology for automobiles to sense and
avoid an imminent collision with another vehicle, person or
obstacle by braking without any driver input. Sensors to detect
other vehicles or obstacles can include radar, video, infrared,
ultrasonic or other technologies. Automatic braking technologies
combine sensors and brake controls to help prevent high speed
collisions. Some automatic braking systems can prevent
collisions altogether, but most of them are designed to simply
reduce the speed of a vehicle before before it hits something.
Since high speed crashes are more likely to be fatal than low
speed collisions, automatic braking systems can save lives and
reduce the amount of property damage that occurs during an
accident. Some of these systems provide braking assistance to
the driver, and others are actually capable of activating the
brakes with no driver input.

4. Methodology:
A transceiver placed at the front of the car first emits ultrasonic
waves which propagate and reflect back after colliding with the
obstacle in the way, this signal is sensed and processed by
receiver, microprocessor placed in respectively that is
programmed to signal or apply the breaks by the help of
mechanical mechanism provided in the car.
The safe distance will be programmed into the commands of
microprocessor that will only apply breaks if the body lies
within the specified range
Breaks are applied by the help of electric motors provided in OR
by Blocking the commands in the car to move towards the
obstacle without turning the car. There will be first stop of the
electric current to the motors in the car than application of
retarding break bushes.

5. Components Used
Ultrasonic Sensor ( transmitter and receiver )
Microprocessor ( ARDINO 69 )
Electric Wirings
Electric motor
Bread board
Transducer
Electrical resistor
Prototype Car (Toy Car)

6. Block Diagram:
Automatic Breaking System
US sensor
Breaks
Applicati
on

7. Extension of the system:
When this system is to be applied in roadsters it should work
more than what it’s operation was in prototype. Like in roadsters
the breaks are to be applied by the help of hydraulic breaks that
should be stressed as done by the help of paddle. Also the sensors
are not to be activated all the time cause it may cause
inconvenience while moving through parking lots , etc.
There will be addition of wheel speed sensor that will activate the
remaining ABS (Auto break System).
There can also be a notification to the driver about the presence of
obstacle in front of the vehicle.

8. Automatic Breaking System

9. Significance of the System
The importance of this system can be figured out by the help of
following statistics that
 Only 40% of the drivers applied breaks in an accidental
situation.
 There were casualties about 2.6 millions last year due to front
end vehicle collision.
 Laboratory test results has proved that about 47% of the
collision impact can be reduced by automatically application
of the break forces.

10. Automatic Breaking System
Any Question?