This document discusses various collision warning and avoidance technologies used in vehicles. It describes forward collision warning that alerts the driver if too close to the vehicle ahead. It also describes rear collision warning, adaptive cruise control, and lane keeping devices. It discusses how collision warning systems monitor speed, distance to the vehicle ahead, and the driving environment. It provides details on the sensors used including radar, lidar, sonar and cameras. It also discusses rear end collisions and technologies used to detect objects behind the vehicle like radar and sonar to warn the driver.

1. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Forward Collision Warning
 Visual and audible warning that the driver
is too close to the vehicle in front.
The Rear Collision Warning System
 Visual and audible warns drivers when
collision with an object behind by sensors
in the rear bumper.

2. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
 Slows down and speeds up
automatically to maintain a safe distance
from the vehicles ahead
 This facility has to be activated by the
driver.
Lane-Keeping Devices
 Time to collision in safety-critical lane
changes are normally much less than one
second. Since mean driver reaction time is
about one second, there is not sufficient time
for a driver to respond to a warning before
crashing.

3. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Collision Warning
 Monitors vehicle speed
 Front speed
 d/t between vehicle
 general monitor driving
environment

4. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
If vehicle get too close the
warn you by
Light
Beeps
Vibrations of your seat
Tighten your seat belt
Applying the brakes

5. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Various technology and
sensors it uses
RADAR ( all- weather)
LIDAR (laser)
SONAR
CAMERA
GPS

6. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Speed and distance sensors
 Forward collision warning use both speed and
distance calculations
 Type of distance sensor uses radar to detect
traffic ahead
 Some systems use lasers OR cameras
 Slow or stopped vehicles in the same lane

7. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Rear End Collision
 It is common vehicle accidents
There are many different ways
Distracted Driving.
 This could mean a driver was texting,
talking on the phone, checking e-mail,
changing the radio station, or even eating
while driving. Anything that takes the
driver’s attention away from the road for
even one second can cause a rear-end
collision.

8. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Rear End Collision
Quick Change in Speed.
 When the driver in front needs to hit
the brakes suddenly, so the car
behind must react quickly.
 If the driver in back does not notice
that the driver in front has slammed
on his brakes, there is a high chance
of a rear-end accident

9. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Rear End Collision
Inclement Weather.
 Even the most careful drivers can be
affected when driving in poor weather
conditions.
 Weather can affect visibility or create
slippery conditions that impact a
driver’s ability to control the car or
see clearly.

10. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Rear End Collision
Mechanical Problems.
 Improperly maintained,
 Break suddenly.
 Brakes can fail
 Tail lights or brake lights can blow out.
 U.S. National highway transportation in
2015 found the most common car accident
involves a rear end collision.
 Even low speed rear-end collisions can
cause injuries because of the forces
involved

11. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Rear End Object Detection
 Monitors a range of 3 to 6 m
behind the vehicle
 By means of radar or sonar
 Audible and/or visual alert to
the driver

12. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Sonar (sound navigation
and ranging)
 Detects obstacles by
emitting a transmitter
pulse of ultrasonic
energy.
 Sends data to a driver
display unit

13. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Radar (radio detection
and ranging)
 Operates by transmitting
electromagnetic energy toward
objects
 And observing the echoes
returned from them

14. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Benefits of rear obstacle
detection

15. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
Rear Detection and Braking
 Rear-end collisions are common
accident scenarios B/c driver
distraction and thus not reacting in
time.
 Technologies to help alert drivers
with auto brake monitored with the
help of a long range radar during
moving and stationary.
 Auto brake is an active safety
system.

16. Collision Warning
and Avoidance
1. Follow the rules of the road.
2. Avoid drowsy driving.
3. Caution during inclement weather.
4. Minimize distractions while driving.
5. Don’t tailgate in other aggressive
driving tactics.
6. Don’t check your phone like texts,
emails, or missed calls,
7. Avoid eating while driving
8. Pull over if you need to use your phone.
Steps can avoid rear-
ending another vehicle

17. Like
Comment