1) This document discusses risk factors for atherosclerosis and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It identifies both controllable factors like hypertension, smoking, obesity, and uncontrollable factors like age, sex, and family history. 2) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves four main stages: chronic endothelial injury, accumulation of lipoproteins in the arteries, resultant inflammation and release of factors, and smooth muscle cell proliferation that narrows arteries. 3) Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis can include leg pain with exercise, absent pulses, bruits over arteries, dry skin, and coldness in affected limbs. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help regulate controllable risk factors.

1. maryam al-qahtani
Group: 6
Case 1 A

2. Introduction

3. Learning Objective
Risk factor of atherosclerosis ? How are they regulate ?
How do they risk factor contribute to the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis? (Summarize)
Clinic manifestations of atherosclerosis .

4. Risk factor:

5. Risk factor:
Permanent factors
Co-existing conditions
Lifestyle, social and
environmental factors

6. Age:
1

7. Gender:
Male
Female

8. Family history

9. 2
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Hyperlipidaemia

10. 3
Cigarette smoking
Overweight or obesity

11. Sedentary lifestyle:
low physical exercise
High stress

12. Control (regulate)

13. Risk Factors
Uncontrollable
Controllable
•Sex
•High blood pressure
•Hereditary
•High blood cholesterol
•Race
•Smoking
•Age
•Physical activity
•Obesity
•Diabetes
•Stress and anger

17. pathogenesis
4 main stages :
1. Chronic endothelial injury
2. Accumulation of lipoproteins
3. Resultant Inflammation & Factor release
4. Smooth muscle cell recruitment, proliferation and ECM production.

19. Chronic endothelial injury
increased endothelial
permeability
enhanced leukocyte
(monocyte and T lymphocyte )
and platelet adhesion
Monocyte migration
1
lesions
Endothelial dysfunction

22. Smooth muscle cell recruitment, proliferation
and ECM production.

23. Finally

24. Summary

25. Clinical manifestations

26. Pain and severe cramp in the right calf on
exercise
Absent pulses of the right arterioles
of the right foot and ankle.
Bruits over arteries
Dry skin

27. Low skin temperature of the right
foot.
Atrophy
lack of hair on right lower leg and
foot

28. Summary

29. Reference
• Clinic medicine book
• Merck Manual book
• http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPHModules/PH/PH709_Heart/PH709_Heart3.html
• http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/1184365
3
• http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart_and_blood_ves
sel_disorders/atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis.html#v1652416
• http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/Atheroscleros
is/atherosclerosis_risk.html

30. Thankyou…
Good lifestyle
Healthy life