atherosclerosis is the most common cause of death over the world so it becomes very much important to know the new treatments methods to prevent the death poll.
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease where fatty deposits called atheromas build up in the arteries. Over time it can restrict blood flow and cause complications like heart attacks or strokes. It begins early in life with fatty streaks in the arteries. Clinical symptoms often do not appear until later in life. Key risk factors include age, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, diet, stress, alcohol use, and family history. Both population-wide and targeted prevention strategies are used to modify risk factors and reduce the burden of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
This document discusses the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for atherosclerosis. The pharmacological treatments are referred to as the "ABCDE" approach: (A) Anti-platelet agents like aspirin, (B) Blood pressure control through medications, (C) Cholesterol management primarily through statins, (D) Diet and weight management including omega-3 fatty acids, and (E) Exercise which has benefits even at low levels. Non-pharmacological treatments involve dietary and lifestyle modifications. The document provides details on medication options and guidelines for each element of the ABCDE approach.
Dr. Steenblock specializes in treating patients with Atherosclerosis and other similar conditions using Stem Cell Treatments. He uses bone marrow stem cells, adipose (fat) stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells. For more information call his office Today! 1-800-300-1063. Websites:
www.stemcellmd.org
www.strokedoctor.com
www.stemcelltherapies.org
www.cerebralpalsycure.com
www.davidsteenblock.com
www.davidsteenblock.net
The document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids and other materials within the inner layer of arterial walls. This buildup forms atherosclerotic plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. The consequences of atherosclerosis include heart attacks, strokes, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Prevention involves lifestyle changes while treatment focuses on controlling risk factors and surgical interventions if needed.
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by lipid deposits in the arteries. Over time, these deposits, composed of cells and fibrous tissue, can grow and narrow the arteries. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are age, male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The buildup of deposits in arteries can reduce blood flow and lead to complications like heart attack or stroke. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise, along with cholesterol-lowering medications as needed.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, making them harder and narrower. It is caused by inflammation over time from risk factors like age, family history, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Doctors use tests like angiograms to see blockages. Treatment focuses on managing contributing conditions with drugs or procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery to reopen arteries. Prevention emphasizes lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, quitting smoking, and stress reduction.
Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup on their walls. It develops gradually over time due to risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and family history. Early on, it causes no symptoms but can eventually lead to chest pain, leg pain, heart attack, or stroke depending on which arteries are affected. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise as well as medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Surgery may be needed for severe cases.
Metabolic basis of Atherosclerosis; Biochemistry - February 2015Kareem Alnakeeb
This document defines atherosclerosis and its causes and risk factors. It discusses how atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in artery walls in response to LDL particles. As LDL particles accumulate in arteries, they can become oxidized, attracting macrophages. If macrophages cannot process the oxidized LDL, foam cells form, which can rupture and further narrow arteries. Risk factors include older age, male sex, diabetes, high LDL and low HDL cholesterol levels, smoking, and genetic factors. Diagnosis involves medical tests, and treatment includes medications, surgery, lifestyle changes, and managing underlying conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease where fatty deposits called atheromas build up in the arteries. Over time it can restrict blood flow and cause complications like heart attacks or strokes. It begins early in life with fatty streaks in the arteries. Clinical symptoms often do not appear until later in life. Key risk factors include age, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, diet, stress, alcohol use, and family history. Both population-wide and targeted prevention strategies are used to modify risk factors and reduce the burden of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
This document discusses the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for atherosclerosis. The pharmacological treatments are referred to as the "ABCDE" approach: (A) Anti-platelet agents like aspirin, (B) Blood pressure control through medications, (C) Cholesterol management primarily through statins, (D) Diet and weight management including omega-3 fatty acids, and (E) Exercise which has benefits even at low levels. Non-pharmacological treatments involve dietary and lifestyle modifications. The document provides details on medication options and guidelines for each element of the ABCDE approach.
Dr. Steenblock specializes in treating patients with Atherosclerosis and other similar conditions using Stem Cell Treatments. He uses bone marrow stem cells, adipose (fat) stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells. For more information call his office Today! 1-800-300-1063. Websites:
www.stemcellmd.org
www.strokedoctor.com
www.stemcelltherapies.org
www.cerebralpalsycure.com
www.davidsteenblock.com
www.davidsteenblock.net
The document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids and other materials within the inner layer of arterial walls. This buildup forms atherosclerotic plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. The consequences of atherosclerosis include heart attacks, strokes, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Prevention involves lifestyle changes while treatment focuses on controlling risk factors and surgical interventions if needed.
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by lipid deposits in the arteries. Over time, these deposits, composed of cells and fibrous tissue, can grow and narrow the arteries. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are age, male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The buildup of deposits in arteries can reduce blood flow and lead to complications like heart attack or stroke. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise, along with cholesterol-lowering medications as needed.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, making them harder and narrower. It is caused by inflammation over time from risk factors like age, family history, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Doctors use tests like angiograms to see blockages. Treatment focuses on managing contributing conditions with drugs or procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery to reopen arteries. Prevention emphasizes lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, quitting smoking, and stress reduction.
Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup on their walls. It develops gradually over time due to risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and family history. Early on, it causes no symptoms but can eventually lead to chest pain, leg pain, heart attack, or stroke depending on which arteries are affected. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise as well as medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Surgery may be needed for severe cases.
Metabolic basis of Atherosclerosis; Biochemistry - February 2015Kareem Alnakeeb
This document defines atherosclerosis and its causes and risk factors. It discusses how atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in artery walls in response to LDL particles. As LDL particles accumulate in arteries, they can become oxidized, attracting macrophages. If macrophages cannot process the oxidized LDL, foam cells form, which can rupture and further narrow arteries. Risk factors include older age, male sex, diabetes, high LDL and low HDL cholesterol levels, smoking, and genetic factors. Diagnosis involves medical tests, and treatment includes medications, surgery, lifestyle changes, and managing underlying conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. It develops as cholesterol builds up under the damaged artery lining, causing inflammation and formation of fatty deposits called plaque. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood sugar. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and sometimes surgery to open blocked arteries and reduce complications.
Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by plaque buildup within the arterial wall. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. There are three main types of atherosclerotic lesions: fatty streaks consisting of lipid-filled foam cells, fibrous plaques made of extracellular lipid and connective tissue, and complicated lesions with features like hemorrhage and ulceration. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Genetic factors can also influence a person's risk by impacting lipid metabolism, coagulation, blood pressure regulation, and other
The basic presentation for the topic - Atherosclerosis.
All the risk factors of atherosclerosis are given in this presentation.
Content source - 1st year MBBS books
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack, stroke, or death. Atherosclerosis develops slowly over many years and is worsened by risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and other conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. Treatments aim to relieve symptoms, reduce risk factors, lower the chance of clots forming, and widen or bypass blocked arteries to prevent diseases caused by atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis and it’s complicationsPiyushaZore1
Case presentation of atherosclerosis ; Risk factors ; Structure of Atheromatous plaque ; Histopathology of atheroma ; Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; Clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis;laboratory diagnosis in atherosclerosis gross specimen of aorta ; fatty streak ; complications of atherosclerosis
This document provides an overview of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It discusses the epidemiology, including that it is a leading cause of death worldwide. It describes the structure of the arterial wall and defines atherosclerosis. It discusses the hypothesis of atherogenesis including the lipid, response to injury, and monoclonal hypotheses. It covers risk factors, classification, common sites, clinical syndromes, complications, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
Introduction to atherosclerosis(slideshare)HilBar2014
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, including the carotid, coronary, and femoral arteries. It involves the accumulation of fatty deposits and proteins in the artery wall over time. Left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like heart attack, stroke, and gangrene as the plaque restricts blood flow. Treatment options include carotid endarterectomy surgery to remove the plaque or carotid artery stenting, a minimally invasive procedure to open blocked arteries.
Atherosclerosis is the hardening and thickening of arteries due to plaque buildup within the arterial wall. It is caused by an inflammatory response to injury and risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. The pathogenesis involves monocytes migrating into the damaged artery and oxidized LDL cholesterol building up in macrophages to form foam cells, which accumulate to create fatty streaks and fibrous plaques that can restrict blood flow. Diagnosis relies on physical exams, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on modifying risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Current research is exploring new biomarkers for detection and treatments to improve vascular function and reduce cardiovascular events.
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
This document provides information about atherosclerosis. It begins by introducing atherosclerosis as a pathological process in arteries that leads to coronary heart disease and stroke. It then describes how atherosclerosis develops from early childhood through adulthood, starting as fatty streaks and progressing to fibrous plaques that can rupture and cause blood clots. The document discusses the pathophysiology and causes of atherosclerosis in more detail and lists various symptoms like angina or leg pain that can occur depending on which arteries are affected.
This document discusses atherosclerosis, defined as a disease of arteries characterized by atheromatous plaques composed of lipid cores and fibrous caps. Risk factors include age, gender, genetics, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and inactivity. The response-to-injury hypothesis views it as a chronic inflammatory response to endothelial injury, involving modified lipoproteins, macrophages, and T-cells interacting with artery walls. Plaques can rupture, causing thrombosis. Unstable plaques with large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps are more vulnerable to rupture. Advanced lesions can rupture, bleed, aneurysm, or form fatty streaks composed of foam cells.
This document discusses atherosclerosis and peripheral artery disease (PAD). It recommends evaluating PAD with an ankle brachial pressure index test and performing additional tests like Doppler ultrasound, stress testing, and CT scans. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to control cholesterol, blood pressure, blood clots, and symptoms. Surgeries like angioplasty and bypass surgery may also be used in severe cases.
Atherosclerosis Definition and major and minor risk factors which will cause , and Treatment methods both surgical and pharmaceutical along with the medicine's pharmaco kinetic and dynamic properties with clinical uses , unwanted effects with simple and useful diagrams to understand better and easily.angioplasty ,bypass surgery and Stent are the surgical methods additionally explained in this presentation which are the surgical treatment methods for Atherosclerosis. classification of atherosclerosis is also explained.
Arteriosclerosis is a thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls that can occur in three patterns: atherosclerosis, Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of fatty plaques in arteries due to risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, plaques can rupture, limiting blood flow and risking heart attack or stroke. Arteriolosclerosis affects small arteries and arterioles, presenting as either hyaline or hyperplastic thickening of vessel walls that reduces blood flow and can cause organ damage.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Seminar Prepared by :-
Ali Abdulazeem
Shilan Adnan Abdulrahman
Alaa Shamil
Guldan Hameed
Internal Medicine
College of Medicine - University of Kirkuk
The document discusses atherosclerosis and methods to prevent and test for it. It defines atherosclerosis as a buildup of fats and cholesterol in artery walls, forming plaques. The endothelium and its function are described, including markers used to assess endothelial activation and function. Tests for atherosclerosis are outlined, including blood tests, CT scans, EKGs, and echocardiograms. Methods to prevent atherosclerosis through antioxidants and dietary changes are provided. Several studies analyzing atherosclerosis in rabbits are summarized, testing reductions in lesions, inflammation markers, and endothelial markers through treatments.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of fatty plaques, cholesterol, and cellular waste within the inner lining of arteries. Over time, this buildup narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. The disease process begins with endothelial injury to blood vessels, which allows cholesterol and immune cells like macrophages to accumulate in the artery wall and form fatty streaks. These can progress to raised atherosclerotic plaques made of cells, connective tissue, and lipids that further restrict blood flow. Advanced plaques can rupture or erode, potentially causing heart attacks or strokes if cl
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by the buildup of plaque in artery walls. It begins with endothelial cell injury from risk factors like high cholesterol. This allows immune cells like monocytes to enter the artery wall and become lipid-filled foam cells. Over time, a fatty streak or atherosclerotic plaque forms and grows within the artery wall. Advanced plaques can rupture, causing blood clots that block blood flow and lead to heart attacks, strokes, or other complications. The major symptoms of atherosclerosis involve reduced blood flow to the heart, brain, kidneys, and legs.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowed coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which develops over many years and is worsened by risk factors like smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath during physical exertion. Diagnosis involves tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment aims to improve symptoms, prevent heart attacks, and includes risk factor modification, medications like nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and revascularization procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of an injured intima.
The term atherosclerosis is derived from
athero-(meaning porridge) referring to the soft lipid-rich material in the centre of atheroma, and
sclerosis (scarring) referring to connective tissue in the plaques.
This term describes the cholesterol deposits and scarred portion in an arterial plaque or atheroma.
Atherosclerosis is the commonest and the most important of the arterial diseases.
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. It develops as cholesterol builds up under the damaged artery lining, causing inflammation and formation of fatty deposits called plaque. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood sugar. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and sometimes surgery to open blocked arteries and reduce complications.
Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by plaque buildup within the arterial wall. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. There are three main types of atherosclerotic lesions: fatty streaks consisting of lipid-filled foam cells, fibrous plaques made of extracellular lipid and connective tissue, and complicated lesions with features like hemorrhage and ulceration. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Genetic factors can also influence a person's risk by impacting lipid metabolism, coagulation, blood pressure regulation, and other
The basic presentation for the topic - Atherosclerosis.
All the risk factors of atherosclerosis are given in this presentation.
Content source - 1st year MBBS books
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack, stroke, or death. Atherosclerosis develops slowly over many years and is worsened by risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and other conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. Treatments aim to relieve symptoms, reduce risk factors, lower the chance of clots forming, and widen or bypass blocked arteries to prevent diseases caused by atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis and it’s complicationsPiyushaZore1
Case presentation of atherosclerosis ; Risk factors ; Structure of Atheromatous plaque ; Histopathology of atheroma ; Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; Clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis;laboratory diagnosis in atherosclerosis gross specimen of aorta ; fatty streak ; complications of atherosclerosis
This document provides an overview of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It discusses the epidemiology, including that it is a leading cause of death worldwide. It describes the structure of the arterial wall and defines atherosclerosis. It discusses the hypothesis of atherogenesis including the lipid, response to injury, and monoclonal hypotheses. It covers risk factors, classification, common sites, clinical syndromes, complications, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
Introduction to atherosclerosis(slideshare)HilBar2014
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, including the carotid, coronary, and femoral arteries. It involves the accumulation of fatty deposits and proteins in the artery wall over time. Left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like heart attack, stroke, and gangrene as the plaque restricts blood flow. Treatment options include carotid endarterectomy surgery to remove the plaque or carotid artery stenting, a minimally invasive procedure to open blocked arteries.
Atherosclerosis is the hardening and thickening of arteries due to plaque buildup within the arterial wall. It is caused by an inflammatory response to injury and risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. The pathogenesis involves monocytes migrating into the damaged artery and oxidized LDL cholesterol building up in macrophages to form foam cells, which accumulate to create fatty streaks and fibrous plaques that can restrict blood flow. Diagnosis relies on physical exams, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on modifying risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Current research is exploring new biomarkers for detection and treatments to improve vascular function and reduce cardiovascular events.
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
This document provides information about atherosclerosis. It begins by introducing atherosclerosis as a pathological process in arteries that leads to coronary heart disease and stroke. It then describes how atherosclerosis develops from early childhood through adulthood, starting as fatty streaks and progressing to fibrous plaques that can rupture and cause blood clots. The document discusses the pathophysiology and causes of atherosclerosis in more detail and lists various symptoms like angina or leg pain that can occur depending on which arteries are affected.
This document discusses atherosclerosis, defined as a disease of arteries characterized by atheromatous plaques composed of lipid cores and fibrous caps. Risk factors include age, gender, genetics, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and inactivity. The response-to-injury hypothesis views it as a chronic inflammatory response to endothelial injury, involving modified lipoproteins, macrophages, and T-cells interacting with artery walls. Plaques can rupture, causing thrombosis. Unstable plaques with large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps are more vulnerable to rupture. Advanced lesions can rupture, bleed, aneurysm, or form fatty streaks composed of foam cells.
This document discusses atherosclerosis and peripheral artery disease (PAD). It recommends evaluating PAD with an ankle brachial pressure index test and performing additional tests like Doppler ultrasound, stress testing, and CT scans. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to control cholesterol, blood pressure, blood clots, and symptoms. Surgeries like angioplasty and bypass surgery may also be used in severe cases.
Atherosclerosis Definition and major and minor risk factors which will cause , and Treatment methods both surgical and pharmaceutical along with the medicine's pharmaco kinetic and dynamic properties with clinical uses , unwanted effects with simple and useful diagrams to understand better and easily.angioplasty ,bypass surgery and Stent are the surgical methods additionally explained in this presentation which are the surgical treatment methods for Atherosclerosis. classification of atherosclerosis is also explained.
Arteriosclerosis is a thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls that can occur in three patterns: atherosclerosis, Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of fatty plaques in arteries due to risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, plaques can rupture, limiting blood flow and risking heart attack or stroke. Arteriolosclerosis affects small arteries and arterioles, presenting as either hyaline or hyperplastic thickening of vessel walls that reduces blood flow and can cause organ damage.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Seminar Prepared by :-
Ali Abdulazeem
Shilan Adnan Abdulrahman
Alaa Shamil
Guldan Hameed
Internal Medicine
College of Medicine - University of Kirkuk
The document discusses atherosclerosis and methods to prevent and test for it. It defines atherosclerosis as a buildup of fats and cholesterol in artery walls, forming plaques. The endothelium and its function are described, including markers used to assess endothelial activation and function. Tests for atherosclerosis are outlined, including blood tests, CT scans, EKGs, and echocardiograms. Methods to prevent atherosclerosis through antioxidants and dietary changes are provided. Several studies analyzing atherosclerosis in rabbits are summarized, testing reductions in lesions, inflammation markers, and endothelial markers through treatments.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of fatty plaques, cholesterol, and cellular waste within the inner lining of arteries. Over time, this buildup narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. The disease process begins with endothelial injury to blood vessels, which allows cholesterol and immune cells like macrophages to accumulate in the artery wall and form fatty streaks. These can progress to raised atherosclerotic plaques made of cells, connective tissue, and lipids that further restrict blood flow. Advanced plaques can rupture or erode, potentially causing heart attacks or strokes if cl
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by the buildup of plaque in artery walls. It begins with endothelial cell injury from risk factors like high cholesterol. This allows immune cells like monocytes to enter the artery wall and become lipid-filled foam cells. Over time, a fatty streak or atherosclerotic plaque forms and grows within the artery wall. Advanced plaques can rupture, causing blood clots that block blood flow and lead to heart attacks, strokes, or other complications. The major symptoms of atherosclerosis involve reduced blood flow to the heart, brain, kidneys, and legs.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowed coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which develops over many years and is worsened by risk factors like smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath during physical exertion. Diagnosis involves tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment aims to improve symptoms, prevent heart attacks, and includes risk factor modification, medications like nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and revascularization procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of an injured intima.
The term atherosclerosis is derived from
athero-(meaning porridge) referring to the soft lipid-rich material in the centre of atheroma, and
sclerosis (scarring) referring to connective tissue in the plaques.
This term describes the cholesterol deposits and scarred portion in an arterial plaque or atheroma.
Atherosclerosis is the commonest and the most important of the arterial diseases.
Blood lipids are essential for energy production and cell membrane maintenance but high total cholesterol and LDL levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. A blood lipid profile, measuring cholesterol and HDL levels, is commonly recommended for adults over 40 as part of routine health screening to estimate the 10-year risk of heart attacks and strokes. Elevated LDL and low HDL can cause excess cholesterol to accumulate in artery walls, forming atherosclerotic plaques along with other cells. Genetic factors can also influence cholesterol levels and risk through effects on LDL receptors or cholesterol biosynthesis pathways that statins target to reduce disease.
This document discusses a lecture on hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. It begins with learning objectives about understanding the pathobiology and risk factors of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. It then defines hyperlipidemia and its causes, describing how elevated LDL-C promotes cardiovascular disease. The document discusses the classification, indications, mechanisms and adverse effects of drug treatments for hyperlipidemia, focusing on statins, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids.
This document discusses cardiovascular disorders, specifically hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. It covers the pathophysiology of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, conditions that can cause angina, distinguishing characteristics of chronic stable angina versus unstable angina, and treatments including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The goal of treatment is to prevent acute coronary events and death, alleviate acute ischemic symptoms, prevent recurrent ischemia, and minimize adverse effects of treatment.
Cholesterol is a lipid found in cell membranes that is essential for life but high levels are associated with health risks. It can be synthesized by the body or absorbed from dietary sources like eggs and meat. While cholesterol itself is necessary, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol carried in the bloodstream can build up in arteries and increase risk of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary carbohydrates tend to raise triglyceride levels, which are carried by very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and can become dense, smaller LDL particles that are more strongly linked to heart disease. Therefore, high carbohydrate diets may negatively impact heart health more through triglycerides rather than cholesterol itself.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by fatty streaks and plaques within arteries. Plaques consist of accumulated lipids, inflammatory cells, and a fibrous cap. Over time, plaques can rupture, leading to thrombosis. The major risk factors include age, male sex, family history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. These risk factors cause endothelial injury and accumulation of lipids in the vessel wall, recruiting monocytes that become foam cells. As plaques grow, they can cause complications like thrombosis, hemorrhage, embolism, or aneurysm.
1) Atherosclerosis is a condition where an artery wall thickens due to a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is caused by chronic inflammation and accumulation of macrophages in the arteries.
2) It can restrict blood flow and cause blood clots to form. While often considered a heart problem, it can affect arteries anywhere.
3) Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diseases like diabetes. It progresses as fatty deposits called plaques build up in artery walls over many years.
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is the leading cause of heart attacks and strokes. The plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, limiting blood flow. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. The disease process involves injury to the artery lining, invasion by immune cells, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and accumulation of cholesterol and other fats that form plaque lesions within the artery wall. Complications arise when plaque ruptures, forms clots, or restricts blood flow, potentially leading to heart attack, stroke or other
Coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of death in the United States. It occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries and decreases blood flow to the heart, which can lead to chest pain, heart attack, or heart failure. Some major risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Nurses play an important role in educating patients on modifying risks like diet, exercise, and medication adherence to help prevent cardiovascular events.
This document discusses heart disease and challenges the prevailing lipid hypothesis. It argues that atherosclerosis is caused by molecular degeneration and cellular miscommunication rather than high cholesterol alone. Evidence presented includes that familial hypercholesterolemia is linked to early heart disease, and factors like LDL receptor activity, thyroid function, antioxidants, and resolving inflammation play important roles in cardiovascular health.
This document discusses different types of arteriosclerosis including atherosclerosis. It defines atherosclerosis as the thickening of the arterial walls due to buildup of fatty plaques. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis include dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. The document discusses the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, describing how abnormalities in lipoproteins and cholesterol levels contribute to plaque formation in the arteries over time. It also outlines strategies for prevention through modifying risk factors like maintaining healthy cholesterol levels.
Lipoproteins are biochemical assemblies containing both lipids and proteins that enable fats like triglycerides and cholesterol to be transported around the body in the bloodstream. Examples include HDL and LDL lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries due to factors like high cholesterol, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to heart attack, stroke or other issues if left untreated. Treatments for atherosclerosis focus on lifestyle changes and medications to control risk factors and cholesterol levels, or procedures like angioplasty or endarterectomy in severe cases.
Lecture 7 diseases of the vascular system - Pathology Areej Abu Hanieh
This document discusses diseases of the vascular system. It begins by introducing arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis, which is the most common and involves the deposition of lipid plaques in artery walls. Aneurysms are localized swellings in artery walls that can be caused by atherosclerosis or other factors like hypertension. Vasospastic conditions like Raynaud's disease involve vasoconstriction of small blood vessels. The document also covers diseases of the veins such as varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, and venous thromboses. Deep vein thromboses in particular can be dangerous if pieces of the clot break off and travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is caused by inflammation in the arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow. This can lead to complications like heart attacks or strokes if a plaque ruptures. Doctors use tests like ultrasounds and angiograms to diagnose atherosclerosis and determine if the arteries are blocked. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to control risk factors and blood pressure. In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty may be needed to open blocked arteries.
- Myocardial infarction is caused by the sudden blockage of arteries that supply the heart muscle, usually due to atherosclerosis where plaque builds up in the artery walls over time.
- Inflammation plays a key role in weakening the fibrous cap of plaque and increasing the risk of cap rupture, which can lead to complete blockage and a heart attack.
- Lifestyle factors like smoking, obesity, and diabetes can increase inflammation and thus heart attack risk, so reducing or eliminating these risk factors may help lower inflammation.
1) Atherosclerosis is caused by the accumulation of fatty plaques in arteries and is a leading cause of death. High cholesterol and blood pressure are major risk factors.
2) Statins are commonly used to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. They reduce cardiovascular events but can cause side effects like muscle damage.
3) Fibrates lower triglycerides and raise HDL cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular risk, especially in patients with high triglycerides or diabetes. They carry risks of muscle and liver problems.
This document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease affecting the vessel wall that leads to narrowing or blockage of arteries. It has three main components: endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, and inflammatory reaction in the vascular wall. Risk factors include high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, inactivity, and obesity. The key events are damage to the endothelium allowing lipoproteins like LDL to enter the arterial wall where they undergo oxidation and are taken up by macrophages, forming foam cells and initiating an inflammatory response. This early atherosclerotic plaque can grow over time, and eventually rupture, forming clots that can restrict blood flow. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to modify risk factors and slow progression of the disease.
The role of HDL cholesterol in preventing atherosclerotic diseaseYumna Ali
This document summarizes the role of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It states that HDLs directly oppose atherosclerosis by removing cholesterol from artery plaques and inhibiting oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). HDLs also limit inflammation and have antithrombotic properties. Multiple studies demonstrate that HDLs exert anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, and protective effects against cardiovascular events. Maintaining high levels of HDL cholesterol is now seen as key to reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
Similar to Recent developments in the treatment of atherosclerosis (20)
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. WHAT IS ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerotic vascular
disease) is a condition where the arteries
become narrowed and hardened due to an
excessive build up of plaque around the artery
wall.The disease disrupts the flow of blood
around the body, posing serious
cardiovascular complications.
2
3. WHY SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT
ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Statins are highly effective in lowering low-
density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels,
and therefore represent the first-line
treatment for prevention of cardiovascular
disease. Despite this, a substantial proportion
(>50%) of high-risk patients do not meet
guideline targets for LDL cholesterol
reduction.This clearly indicates an unmet
need for additional treatment to improve LDL
goal achievement.
3
4. Although atherosclerosis usually manifests in
later life, its early phases are present in
teenagers and young adults.
The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis,
such as CVD, are common in Western and
urban populations, and are an important and
common cause of death and disease.
Statins produce significant toxicity at high
doses in a variety of animal species.
4
5. Effects can be prevented by administering
mevalonate, the product of the reaction
catalysed by HMG-CoA reductase.This indicates
that these toxic effects are mostly, if not entirely,
attributable to extreme inhibition of the enzyme
at high doses.
The risk of myopathy with statins is increased by
concomitant administration of certain other
drugs, particularly gemfibrozil and to a lesser
extent, possibly some other fibrates, and niacin.
5
7. TREATMENT:
1)HDL usage : Boosting HDL cholesterol’s
role as an ally against heart disease. However,
the failure and increased mortality rates of
one HDL-raising trial drug, torcetrapib, in
2006 highlights the challenges of discovering
the right therapy.
7
8. It has raised concerns that maybe it’s not
raising the right kinds of HDL. All forms of
LDL are bad, HDL is a much more
complicated story.HDL is called the “good
cholesterol,” but in truth, HDL particles vary
in size and composition, and we don’t know if
all forms of HDL are good.
8
9. 9
2)Anti inflammatories: Inflammation plays a key
role in plaque formation and subsequent plaque
rupture, which can lead to a heart attack. Statins
along with lowering LDL cholesterol have anti
inflammatory effect which help in preventing the
atheromatous plaque rupture.
But, we have to develop entirely new types of
drugs that specifically prevent or reduce
inflammation in artery walls, by attacking root
causes.
10. Immunotherapeutic
approaches:
1) Lipid BasedVaccines: This approach involves
the inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion
formation, associated with increased CETP
antibodies, decreased CETP activity, and
modified lipoprotein profiles.
10
11. 2)VaccinationStrategies Based on Epitopes of
Oxidized LDL: The different epitopes of oxidized LDL
(oxLDL) induce atherogenic immune responses.This is an
effective tool for modulation of the immune response to
oxLDL.Also, a number of studies have shown that
immunization against oxLDL reduces atherosclerosis.
11
12. Immunization with a peptide of apoB-100 (p210)
fused to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB), which
binds to a ganglioside on mucosal epithelia for 12
weeks, caused a 35% reduction in aortic lesion size in
atherosclerosis-prone apoE-deficiency.
3) Heat Shock Proteins:Autoimmunity to heat shock
proteins (HSPs) is one element in atherosclerosis-
induced immune responses. Repeated mucosal
administration of Mycobacterium HSP60/65, both
orally and nasally, inhibited atherosclerotic lesion
formation in LDL-receptor-deficient mice.
12
13. CONCLUSION:-
In order to reduce further myocardial deaths
we have to find safer and effective
treatments methods against atherosclerosis
and thereby reducing mortality and
morbidity.
Right drug for the given condition.
Atherosclerosis can be prevented by lifestyle
changes and by eating healthy food.
13