1. The document discusses several anatomical structures and their attachments including Scarpa's fascia, fascia lata, inguinal ligament, Colle's fascia, and the thoracolumbar fascia.
2. Fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh that encloses thigh muscles. The inguinal ligament forms the base of the inguinal canal.
3. Colle's fascia prevents extravasation of urine in the perineum in patients with penile injuries. The thoracolumbar fascia attaches to the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and houses several back muscles.
The fascial compartments of thigh are the three fascial compartments that divide and contain the thigh muscles. The fascia lata is the strong and deep fascia of the thigh that surrounds the thigh muscles and forms the outer limits of the compartments. Internally the muscle compartments are divided by the lateral and medial intermuscular septa.
The fascial compartments of thigh are the three fascial compartments that divide and contain the thigh muscles. The fascia lata is the strong and deep fascia of the thigh that surrounds the thigh muscles and forms the outer limits of the compartments. Internally the muscle compartments are divided by the lateral and medial intermuscular septa.
This is an oblique intermuscular passage in the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall ,
Situated just above the medial half of the inguinal ligament
Fundamentals of pelvis, perineum and male genitalia anatomy. contains short notes with atlas. easy for self study of preclinical and clinical students and residents. clinically important common correlations are included. well animated power point presentation.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. Scarpa’s fascia is attached to:
a. Inguinal ligament
b. Fascia lata of thigh
c. Conjoint tendon
d. Pubic crest
3. FASCIA LATA
The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. It
encloses the thigh muscles and forms the outer limit of
the fascial compartments of thigh, which are internally
separated by intermuscular septa.
The fascia lata is thickened at its lateral side where
it forms the iliotibial tract
4. INGUINAL LIGAMENT
The inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament or groin ligament) is a band running from
the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. It forms the base of the
inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop
It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with
the fascia lata of the thigh.
Structures that pass deep to the inguinal ligament include:
1. Psoas major, iliacus, pectineus
2. Femoral nerve, artery, and vein
3. Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
4. Lymphatics
5.
6. In patients with penile injury, Colle’s fascia prevents
extravasation of urine in: (NEET Pattern 2012)
a. Ischiorectal fossa
b. Perineum
c. Abdomen
d. None
7. Anatomical Basis of Extravasation of Urine in Urethral Injury https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp_KqUuHXKU
8. In rectus sheath which branch of aorta make anastomosis
with superior epigastric artery: (PGIC 2008)
a. Subclavian artery
b. External iliac artery
c. Internal iliac artery
d. External carotid A
9. SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY refers to a blood vessel that carries
oxygenated blood and arises from the internal thoracic artery (referred to as the
internal mammary artery in the accompanying diagram). It anastomoses with
the inferior epigastric artery at the umbilicus and supplies the anterior part of
the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm.
Inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the
external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric
artery.
10. True about Scarpa’s fascia: (NEET Pattern 2015)
a. Deep fascia of anterior abdominal wall
b. Also called Buke’s fascia
c. Attached to Iliotibial tract
d. Forms suspensory ligament of penis
11.
12. Buck's fascia (deep fascia of the penis,Gallaudet's fascia or fascia
of the penis) is a layer of deep fascia covering the three erectile
bodies of the penis
The iliotibial tract or iliotibial band (also known as Maissiat's band or IT band) is a longitudinal fibrous
reinforcement of the fascia lata
13.
14. The rectus sheath contains all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Pyramidalis muscle
b. Genitofemoral nerve
c. Inferior epigastric vessels
d. Superior epigastric vessels
15. All are true about Thoracolumbar facia EXCEPT: (AIPG 2000)
a. Attached to spinus process of lumbar vertebra
b. Attached to transverse process of lumbar vertebra
c. The fascia lies posterior to posterior abdominal wall
muscles.
d. Gives attachment to Transverse abdominal and internal
oblique
16. Deep to the two superficial fascia are layers of deep fascia. The deep fascia of the anterior abdominal wall directly
invests the muscular layers of the anterior abdominal wall.
17. The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a deep
investing membrane throughout most of the posterior thorax and abdomen although it is a thin
fibrous lamina in the thoracic region. Above, it is continuous with a similar investing layer on the
back of the neck—the nuchal fascia.
It is made up of three layers, anterior, middle, and posterior. The anterior and
middle layers insert onto the transverse processes of the vertebral column while
the posterior layer inserts onto the tips of the spinous processes, hence it is
indirectly continuous with the interspinous ligaments.
It houses the quadratus lumborum, transversospinalis, spinal
erectors (erector spinae) and multifidus muscles, and their tendons,
among other intrinsic muscles of the posterior thoracic and lumbar
regions
