A syndrome is defined as a set of concurrent signs and symptoms that usually form an identifiable pattern. In medicine, a syndrome describes a collection of symptoms and findings without necessarily tying them to a single identifiable cause. If a genetic cause is suspected but not known, it may be referred to as a genetic association. The term "syndrome" in medical genetics is traditionally only used when the underlying genetic cause is known. Syndromes are often named after the physician who discovered or initially described the full clinical picture.
This presentation is about Parathyroid Disorders which are hypo and hyperparathyroidism and their relationship to teeth and oral cavity including oral and dental manifestation of these disorders , and correct management patients seeking dental care with these disorders.
Natural history of disease is a very important concept in Community Medicine. I had prepared this presentation in a very short duration for my class presentaton. There is not a lot of text in the presentation but there is a really good collection of images.
Uploading it in the hope that atleast someone out there will find it useful.
This presentation is about Parathyroid Disorders which are hypo and hyperparathyroidism and their relationship to teeth and oral cavity including oral and dental manifestation of these disorders , and correct management patients seeking dental care with these disorders.
Natural history of disease is a very important concept in Community Medicine. I had prepared this presentation in a very short duration for my class presentaton. There is not a lot of text in the presentation but there is a really good collection of images.
Uploading it in the hope that atleast someone out there will find it useful.
Genetic Hemochromatosis is autosomal recessive genetic disorder that results from abnormal accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and heart leading to organ toxicity.
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar typhi and, to a lesser extent, related serovars paratyphi A, B, and C.
The protean manifestations of typhoid fever make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. The classic presentation includes fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated, typhoid fever is a grueling illness that may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications.
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States.
Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that is a common cause of hypothyroidism.
In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the body mounts an immune reaction against its own thyroid gland tissue, leading to inflammation of the gland (thyroiditis).
Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland. It secretes triiodothyronine (T3) and its prohormone, thyroxine (T4).
These hormones act on the basic metabolic rate, protein synthesis etc.
When too much growth hormone is secreted that augments the growth of muscle, bones, and connective tissue in childhood or adolescence before the end of puberty, the condition is called Gigantism.
Genetic Hemochromatosis is autosomal recessive genetic disorder that results from abnormal accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and heart leading to organ toxicity.
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar typhi and, to a lesser extent, related serovars paratyphi A, B, and C.
The protean manifestations of typhoid fever make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. The classic presentation includes fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated, typhoid fever is a grueling illness that may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications.
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States.
Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that is a common cause of hypothyroidism.
In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the body mounts an immune reaction against its own thyroid gland tissue, leading to inflammation of the gland (thyroiditis).
Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland. It secretes triiodothyronine (T3) and its prohormone, thyroxine (T4).
These hormones act on the basic metabolic rate, protein synthesis etc.
When too much growth hormone is secreted that augments the growth of muscle, bones, and connective tissue in childhood or adolescence before the end of puberty, the condition is called Gigantism.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
4. A set of concurrent things (such as
emotions or actions) that usually form an
identifiable pattern
A group of signs and symptoms that occur
together and characterize a particular
abnormality or condition
5. A broad definition of syndrome is used, which describes a
collection of symptoms and findings without necessarily
tying them to a single identifiable pathogenesis
6. In MEDICINE a broad definition of
syndrome is used, which describes a
collection of symptoms and findings
findings without necessarily tying them to a
them to a single identifiable pathogenesis.
7. If an underlying genetic cause is suspected but not known, a condition may
be referred to as a genetic association (often just "association" in context).
By definition, an association indicates that the collection of signs and
symptoms occurs in combination more frequently than would be likely by
chance alone
8. In the field of MEDICAL GENETICS, the term "syndrome" is
traditionally only used when the underlying genetic cause is
known
Until 2005, CHARGE syndrome was most frequently referred to as
"CHARGE association".When the major causative gene (CHD7) for
the condition was discovered, the name was changed
9. AVICENNA, in The Canon of Medicine (published 1025), pioneered the
idea of a syndrome in the diagnosis of specific diseases.
The concept of a medical syndrome was further developed in the
century by THOMAS SYDENHAM
10. Syndromes are often named after the physician or group of physicians that
discovered them or initially described the full clinical picture. Such
EPONYMOUS SYNDROME names are examples of medical eponyms