The document discusses key concepts related to sampling and making statistical inferences about populations based on samples. It defines population and sample, explains why samples are used instead of entire populations, and describes different sampling methods like random sampling and convenience sampling. It also discusses important sampling terminology, factors that influence sampling error like sample size, and concepts like probability, p-values, and how the normal distribution relates to probability.

3. What is Sampling? Population Sample Using data to say something ( make an inference ) with confidence, about a whole (population) based on the study of a only a few (sample). Sampling Frame Sampling Process What you want to talk about What you actually observe in the data Inference