This document discusses modern planning and modern planning approaches in Pakistan. It provides an overview of different modern planning approaches including authoritarian, utilitarian, romantic, utopian, technocratic, and organic planning. It then discusses the history of town planning in Pakistan, current urban conditions, and strategies for improving urban infrastructure, housing and land management, and transport and waste management planning. The goal is to address issues like inadequate sanitation, waste management, traffic congestion, and land grabbing through better planning and investment in cities.

1. Architecture & Town Planning
1
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST
Class# 11: Modern Planning & Modern Planning in Pakistan

2. Isn’t This a Great Day to Study
Architecture & Town Planning???
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 2
Source: Sydney Opera House “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52fqFVuaBhE”

3. Today’s Agenda
• Overview
• Modern Planning
• Modern Planning in Pakistan
o Urbanization in Pakistan
o History of town planning in Pakistan
o Current urban condition and strategies for urban
development
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 3

4. Modern Planning
• Overview
o Important to understand the term ‘Modern’ and the phrase ‘Modernism’
o Modern:
• Refers to the modern era (cultural and intellectual movements of the period 1800s-1950s)
o Modernism:
• Describes an array of cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth century
• Covers a series of reforming movements in art, architecture, music, literature and the applied
arts which emerged during this period
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 4

5. Modern Planning
• Modern Planning
o Since 17th century the mode of planning towns is divided in six main categories
(encyclopedia of urban planning by Whittick Arnold )
• Authoritarian Planning
• Utilitarian Planning
• Romantic Planning
• Utopian Planning
• Technocratic Planning
• Organic Planning
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 5

6. Modern Planning
Authoritarian Planning
• Geometric planning which originally emerged in 16th century onwards under priestly dictators &
absolute monarchs
• Emphasis: Power structure in society
• Ignorance of functions of neighborhoods i.e. social & economic needs of the society
• Expressed as a long street, and diagonal streets leading to an open plaza for a monument or
obelisk
• Example:
o Washington D.C; Diagonal avenues, radiating from the Baroques i.e. Capitol and Presidential
Mansion
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 6

7. Modern Planning
Authoritarian Planning (Washington D.C.)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 7
Source: Washington D.C. Downtown Road Map;“http://www.tripinfo.com/maps/DC-Downtown.htm”

8. Modern Planning
Utilitarian Planning
• Also termed as commercial utilitarian planning
• Main objective is to maximize the returns from sale & rent
and encouragement of private sector investment
• Emphasis: Increasing the facilities to accommodate
expanding population with the sacrifice of other social
functions
• Expressed as grid shaped plan in a strict order of built
structures (repetitive monotonous pattern with similar open
spaces, streets & avenues)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 8

9. Modern Planning
Utilitarian Planning (Chandigarh)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 9
Source: “http://www.slideshare.net/gridworks2/chandigarh-11952896”

10. Modern Planning
Romantic Planning
• Rejects the concepts of life that makes a human being &
its environment subservient to either political power
structure or mechanization in the development of a town
• Emphasis: Essential human values and environment
• Expressed as neighborhoods characterized by;
o Rural life with more open spaces and a habitat which is
favorable for a child to grow in a healthy environment
o Roads following land topography and their width kept
according to population and traffic density
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 10

11. Modern Planning
Utopian Planning
• Exhibits the elements of all three types; Authoritarian,
utilitarian and romantic planning
• Focuses on a centralized political authority & geometric
formalism while keeping in view the humane aspects i.e. a
neighborhood unit as a center of domestic and civic life
• Basic Principles:
o Strong Community
o Ordered Development
o Environmental Quality
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 11

12. Modern Planning
Utopian Planning
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 12
Source: Garden Cities of To-morrow; “http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/howard.htm”

13. Modern Planning
Technocratic Planning
• Aims to make every urban activity, a function of a machine
• Relates to the concept that every element of the town
plays its part in its welfare and development
• Assumption that all human problems are open to a
technological solution
• Expressed as a town with large sewerage and garbage
systems, rapid transportation systems, paved streets,
tunnels, bridges, parking lots etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 13

14. Modern Planning
Technocratic Planning
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 14
Source: “http://www.patrikschumacher.com/Texts/Parametricism%20-%20A%20New%20Global%20Style%20for%20Architecture%20and%20Urban%20Design.html”

15. Modern Planning
Organic Planning
• Resulted from rich knowledge of urban past and better
sociological understanding of the nature of towns
• Conserves past urban forms and prepares to
accommodate future needs
• Focal point is development and expression of a culture
• Well organized with a dynamic balance
• Seeks structural answer to every function of a town
• Best revealed in historic cities which have grown through
centuries of gradual improvement
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 15

16. Modern Planning in Pakistan
Urbanization in Pakistan
• Exponential increase in urbanization
• 1990-2008 city inhabitants made up 36% of the Pakistan’s
population (most urbanized nation is South Asia)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 16

17. Modern Planning in Pakistan
History of Town Planning in Pakistan
• Municipal Administration Ordinance (MAO) 1960
o Did not say anything about plan sanctioning and
implementing authorities
o Nor it contained any provisions requiring the revision of plans
as and when needed
• Provincial Local Government Ordinance (PLGO) 1979
o Carried forward the continuation of MAO 1960 about
planning in the same words
o Non-mandatory planning by various local councils
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 17

18. Modern Planning in Pakistan
History of Town Planning in Pakistan
• Local Government Ordinance 2001
o All (districts, tehsils, union councils) required to prepare
master plans for their respective areas and get them
approved
• Development Authorities
o In addition various urban development authorities have been
working;
o First development authority i.e. Karachi development
authority (1957) followed by LDA (1975) and QDA (1978)
o After 2001 ordinance, development authorities act as
separate entities in District Government
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 18

19. Modern Planning in Pakistan
Strategy of Urban Development
• Pakistan’s urban and housing programs are organized
under five policy areas, namely;
i. Housing and Katchi Abadi Improvement
ii. Provision of community utilities such as water supply,
sewerage, public transport, sanitation, etc.
iii. Institution building for surveys, design and planning of
cities, formation of provincial and local planning and
housing departments and laboratories
iv. Government buildings and public officials’ housing
v. Special projects, particularly for tribal areas, Azad Kashmir,
etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 19

20. Modern Planning in Pakistan
Current Urban Condition
• Rapid urbanization coupled with inadequate investment
has led to deteriorating urban infrastructure
o Poor sanitation system: Less than 1% of wastewater is treated
in Pakistan (rest is thrown into streams, and rivers untreated)
o Poor waste management system: Governments recover fewer
than 50% of the solid waste generated n the cities
o Poor traffic system: Leading to severe traffic congestions in
various parts of the country
o Land grab issues: Displacement of people by powerful real-
estate corporation
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 20

21. Modern Planning in Pakistan
Urban Infrastructure Planning
• Should be based on meeting rapidly increasing demand
of water (domestic and industrial)
• Increasing investments in new water delivery systems
and upgrading of existing systems more efficiently
• Ensuring provision of potable water to poor households
• Water recycling (irrigation and industrial uses)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 21

22. Modern Planning in Pakistan
Urban Housing & Land Management Planning
• Building standards and regulations
• Improving land transfer procedures
• Measures to stop land being held vacant for speculative
purposes
• Improving information to the public on land market
indicators
• Elimination of Land encroachments
• Implementation of Zoning Regulations
• Ensure affordable Housing
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 22

23. Modern Planning in Pakistan
Urban Transport Management Planning
• Efficient transport market based on optimal pricing
• Demand management and appropriate roles for the public
and private sectors
• Pedestrians right to use the roads
Urban Solid Waste Management Planning
• Develop integrated solid waste management systems
• Minimize waste through recovery and reuse
• Proper landfill locations (away from towns)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 23

24. Questions ???
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 24