05 - Town Planning (04-10-21).pdf

Engr. Ali Raza Khalid 23-Nov-21
Architecture & Town Planning ~ Fall 2021 1
TOWN PLAANNING
CV-4002 (FALL 2021)
23-Nov-21 ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING 1
Engr. Ali Raza Khalid
Structural Engineer (PE)
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NU),
B-Block, Faisal Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
Email : aliraza.Khalid@lhr.nu.edu.pk
Land Line : 042-111128128 (Ext:433)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER & EMERGING SCIENCES (FAST-NUCES)
Week /Class: 06/06
CONTENTS:
Town Planning
 Definitions
 Trends in Urban growth
 Objectives of town planning
 Modern planning in Pakistan and abroad

CONTENTS:
PART-I
 Introduction
 History
 Objectives of Town Planning
 Principles of Town Planning
 Necessity of Town Planning
 Problems faced by the town due to lack of proper planning
 Origin of towns: TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
 Growth of town
 Development of Town
CONTENTS:
PART-II
 Planning Process
 Types of Town Planning
 Distribution of Land Use
 Site for an Ideal Town
 Requirements of New Towns
 Socio – Economic Aspects of Town Planning
 Economic perspective of Town Planning

CONTENTS:
PART-III
 Major responsibilities of LDA
TOWN PLANNING
NAME
• Jahangir's WorldTimes Publications
• JWT Town Planning and Urban
Management For CSS By Dr
Muhammad Asim and Bilal Saghir
AUTHOR
• Dr Muhammad Asim and Bilal Saghir
PUBLICATION
• Jahangir Books

TOWN PLANNING
INTRODUCTION
Town planning is the process of managing land resources. It involves the control of existing and new
developments, as well as strategy preparation to ensure manage future requirements. It is a dynamic
process that changes in response to policy, development proposals and local needs.
 Town planners must try and balance the demands of landowners and developers, with the needs and
concerns of the community and the policy framework.
 If planning is successful, it can provide protection for the environment, can promote and facilitate
regeneration, can help create and sustain communities, and can create new and exciting places.
 Town planning maintains the best of the past while encouraging creativity and innovation in the
development of a sustainable future.
TOWN PLANNING
HISTORY
• Historically, the practice of urban planning and applying some level of control to the design to
communities, dates back at least as far as the third millennium BC, and the urban designs of the
Mesopotamians, Minoans, and Egyptians. Grid-like, or orthogonal, urban plans were first used for
structuring cities in the 8th century BC by the Ancient Greeks, and the Roman Empire then dramatically
expanded city planning, predominantly for military defense, but also for public convenience, developing
the ‘city center’.
• During the Middle Ages, some European cities retained the Roman ‘city centre’ idea of planning, while
others developed more organically, sometimes with little-to-no system of planning in place.
• With the Enlightenment came a fresh examination of the ideas of urban planning. As a result of this
new open-mindedness, several European cities tried to redesign their major cities; in some cases quite
drastically, such as Paris under Baron Haussmann who introduced long and wide boulevards.

TOWN PLANNING
HISTORY
• During the Industrial Revolution, urban centers of the new industries grew at an unprecedented rate,
albeit very often with a complete lack of planning for the living and working environments of the poorer
classes. By the end of the 19th century though, urban planners and theorists had begun to realise that
this should change.
• At around the same time, the Town and Country Planning Association was founded, which heralded the
start of the professionalisation of urban planning. With the emergence of modernism in the 1920s, new
ideas about how the urban environment should be planned and organised were developed.
• The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 was an important piece of British legislation that introduced
the basis for much of the contemporary planning system. It was intended as a response to the post-
Second World War need for large-scale rebuilding and planning of towns and cities, as well as to help
reorganise industry.
• The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 superseded the 1947 Act and made several changes,
principally dividing planning into forward planning and development control, i.e. setting out the
future strategy of the local authority, and controlling the current development.
TOWN PLANNING
Town planning may include:
1. Creating new towns and/or villages.
2. Balancing community, business and environmental needs.
3. Helping to inform and direct local and national policy.
4. Safeguarding green and other public spaces.
5. Assessing planning applications.
6. Attracting investment and industry to an area.
7. Protecting buildings of historical and architectural merit/importance.
8. Ensuring that land suitable for development is readily available.
9. Developing programme of land reclamation.
10.Assessing the effects of proposals on the environment and local community.
11.Inspection, monitoring and enforcement action.
12.Negotiating and working with professionals such as developers, surveyors and architects.
13.Encouraging education and awareness.
14.Providing advice on how and when to seek planning permission.
15.Undertaking specialist research.
16.Advising on issues related to transport traffic and infrastructure.
17.Advising on neighborhood planning issues.

TOWN PLANNING
OBJECTIVE OF TOWN PLANNING
The main objectives of the town planning may be summarized as
1. Health
2. Convenience
3. Beauty
4. Environment
TOWN PLANNING
1. Health
To make right use of the land for the right purpose by proper division of land called zoning such as residential,
commercial industrial, institutional and recreational etc. inorder to avoid the encroachment of one zone upon
other for smooth and orderly development of the town or city without causing future conflicts. To create and
promote healthy conditions and environments for all the people – rich and poor, to live, to work, to play or
relax.
2. Convenience
The object of convenience is meant in the form of various needs of the community such as social, economic,
cultural and recreational amenities etc. Public amenities requiredfor the proper upkeep of the citizens include
water supply, sanitation, electricity, post,telegraph, gas etc., proper sites for industrial, commercial, business
enterprises toencourage them in trade with cheap power, transport services, drainage etc. Recreational
amenities include open spaces, parks, gardens and playgrounds, for children and town halls stadiums,
community centers, cinema houses, and theatres for adults.

TOWN PLANNING
3. Beauty
To preserve the individuality of the town by developing it on its most suited natural conditions. To preserve the
aesthetics in the design of all elements of town or city plan, which includes preservation of trees, natural
greenery, improved types of domestic buildings and buildings of civic dignity and beauty, architectural control
on public as well as semi-public buildings, ancient architectural buildings, temples, churches, mosques
andbuildings of cultural and historical importance.
4. Environment
It is an important factor in town planning. The environment of the town should be in such a way that people
can lead their normal activities with least difficulty. The complex problems of modern society such as tiresome
travel to work, long hours of work, limited time spent within the family and community, etc. has led to serious
problems in the lifestyle of the people living in the towns, therefore, town planning is mainly concerned with
brining about a better relation between man and his environment.
TOWN PLANNING
PRINCIPLES OF TOWN PLANNING
The subject of Town Planning demands knowledge of various professions, specially civil engineering,
architecture and surveying. The town should not be designed only to satisfy the needs of the future
generations.
Some of the guiding principles of town planning is as follows:
1. Zoning
2. Green belts
3. Housing
4. Public buildings
5. Recreation centers
6. Road systems
7. Transport facilities
Each of the above principle of town planning will now be briefly described:

TOWN PLANNING
1. Zoning
The town should be divided into suitable zones such as commercial zone, industrial zone, residential zone, etc.
and suitable rules and regulations should be formed for the development of each zone.
2. Green Belt
Green belt is non-development zone on the periphery of the town. It prevents the haphazard sprawl of the
town restricting its size. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line designating a border around a certain area,
preventing development of the area and allowing wildlife to return and be established. Greenways and green
wedges have a linear character and may run across the town and not around the town.
3. Housing
Housing has to be carefully studied and designed to suit the local population. Care should be taken to see that
there is no development of slums since it would be responsible for degrading the life of the citizens. There are
various types of housing styles. When a landuse plan is made, zones for independent housing, midrise
buildings, high rise buildings are allocated.
TOWN PLANNING
4. Public Buildings
Public buildings should be well grouped and distributed throughout the town. Unnecessary concentration of
public buildings should be avoided. Factors such as parking facilities, road widths have to be taken into
consideration while allocating the space for public buildings.
5. Recreation Centres
Recreation centres have to be given importance while designing a town. They are necessary for the
recreational activities of the general public. They include parks for walking and cycling, amusement parks etc.
6. Road Systems
Road network hierarchy is very important. The efficiency of any town is measured by the layout of its roads. A
nicely designed road system puts a great impression in the minds of people, especially the visitors to the town.
The provision of a faulty road system in the initial stages of town formation proves to be too difficult and costly
to repair or to re-arrange in future.

TOWN PLANNING
7. Transport Facilities
The town should be provided with suitable transport facilities so that there is minimum loss of time from place
of work to the place of residence. Efficiency in transport facilities includes both public and private networks.
Public transportation network includes access to buses, trains, trams and trolleybuses. Efficiency in using the
public transport will determine the success of that town in terms of design.
TOWN PLANNING
NECESSITY OF TOWN PLANNING
The necessity of town planning can be appreciated and it will help in tackling the unwanted situations
mentioned below which a town faces in the absence of town planning:
1. Defective road system resulting in the formation of narrow streets and lanes.
2. Development of slums and squatter settlements.
3. Haphazard location of industries.
4. Heavy traffic congestion during the working hours of the day.
5. Inadequate open spaces for parks and playgrounds resulting in unhealthy living conditions.
6. Lack of essential amenities like electricity, water supply and drainage system.
7. Noisy atmosphere disturbing the peace of city dwellers.
8. Uncontrolled development of the town.
9. Unhealthy living conditions, etc.

TOWN PLANNING
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE TOWN DUE TO LACK OF PROPER PLANNING
1. Lack of essential amenities like electricity, watersupply and drainage.
2. Uncontrolled development of the town.
3. Unhealthy conditions.
4. Development of slums.
5. Defective road system resulting in the formation of narrow streets and lanes.
6. Heavy traffic congestions during the peak of hours of working period.
7. Haphazard location of some industrial units of small and medium scale.
8. Inadequate open spaces for parks and playgrounds.
9. Noisy atmosphere in some localities.
TOWN PLANNING
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE TOWN DUE TO LACK OF PROPER PLANNING
10. Waste disposal problems.
11. Housing problems.
12. Lack of public awareness for community benefits andexploiting means of amenities and
13. utility service facilities provided by the concerned authorities.
14. Lack of engineering infrastructure.
15. Inadequate ware houses and industrial sites.
16. Defective locations of schools.
17. Inadequate space on the main roads for footpath and town squares, circles etc.

TOWN PLANNING
ORIGIN OF TOWNS: TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
• If a survey is carried out regarding the origin of some of the important existing towns and cities of the world,
it can be easily established that any town or city has originated because of certain specific cause. The origin
of towns can be broadly classified into two categories, namely, topographical and functional.
• The topographical features of origin of towns are as follows.
1. Conditions favorable for industrial units
2. Hilly areas to achieve the objects of defense
3. Plain areas useful for business activities
4. River banks
5. Sea or ocean fronts
• The functional aspects of origin of towns are as follows.
1. Education
2. Health resorts
3. Political
4. Community
TOWN PLANNING
GROWTH OF TOWN
• The towns grow during passage of time in number of ways and various forces which contribute to the overall
development of a town are transportation facilities, industries, safety for public, proximity of agricultural
lands, availability of electric power, political importance, etc. Some of the reasons why the people would like
to stay in urban areas can be enumerated as follows.
• It is quite likely that people have often found to stay in groups or societies to safeguard themselves
from dangers of theft.
• The humans by nature are social animal and they get much satisfaction of living their life in the
company of friends and community.
• An urban man can develop contacts and make friends with like-minded people having common
interest.
• The urban dwellers can maintain a very high degree of privacy.
• The urban are provide with reliable water supply, good market for business, large amount of
opportunities to succeed, etc.

TOWN PLANNING
GROWTH OF TOWN
• Also the facilities of transport and communication increase the population and leads to the growth of towns.
The means of transport may take up the following forms:
• Aerial ports : In some cases, the airports plays an important role in the growth of a town.
• Railways : If the town is connected with railways, there will be increase of passengers and goods traffic
even from long distances.
• Roadways : The neighbouring area is connected with the town and it leads to overall expansion of trade
and industry.
• Waterways : If facilities of waterways are available, the town can grow as a harbour with possibility of
foreign trade and business.
• The above mentioned means of transport have led to the horizontal growth of town. But the availability of
mechanical lifts, escalators and elevators has made it possible to have vertical growth of town in the form of
skyscrapers.
TOWN PLANNING
GROWTH OF TOWN
Types of Growth of Town
The growth of towns and cities can be studied in the
following two ways:
I) Growth according to origin
• Natural Growth
• Planned Growth
II) Growth according to direction
• Horizontal Growth
• Vertical Growth

TOWN PLANNING
Natural Growth
• Most of the towns in the past have grown in a natural way, that is, the development of the town as such has
taken place without any future planning.
• The provisions of various essential amenities such as road system, parks, playgrounds, schools, industrial
units, commercial centres, hospitals, cinemas, etc., are made in an irregular way without consideration for
future expansion of the town.
• The natural growth of a town may be in the form of following four types.
A. Concentric spread
B. Ribbon development
C. Satellite growth
D. Scattered growth
TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
A. CONCENTRIC SPREAD
• It is the natural tendency of the people to be as near as possible to town or city, therefore the town
develops in form of concentric rings with nucleus as town.
• These type of growth create many complicated problems such as traffic congestion, narrow streets,
concentration of population, improper housing, etc.
• The town growth is represented by a series of concentric circles or rings.
• The first zone represents central business like commercial and social life of the town.
• The second zone represents low-income housing, better-class residences and high-class residences are
subsequently formed.
• The idea of concentric spread is based on the fact that similar or functionally related activities will be
located at the same distance from the centre of an urban area.

TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
A. CONCENTRIC SPREAD
TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
B. RIBBON DEVELOPMET
• It has been observed that because of improvement of road surface and growth of motor traffic,
everyone build or occupy the places as near as possible to the main road.
• The building activity therefore expands in a natural way along the sides of main road and long fingers or
ribbons of houses, factories, shops, etc., develop as show in figure below.

TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
B. RIBBON DEVELOPMET
• Disadvantages
• As houses extend in a long strip or ribbon, there is increase in cost of utility services such as water
supply and electricity, postal deliveries, etc.
• It results into wastage of available resources.
• It lacks social life as ribbon development causes scatter of community.
• The future improvement becomes costly and difficult, in some place it becomes impossible.
• The interior place are left undeveloped which results in wastage of valuable land.
• It causes accidents and traffic delays (jams) due to pedestrians on the main road.
• The traffic capacity and efficiency of main road are reduced.
• The ribbon development spoils the countryside view as it becomes non-visible at least for road users.
• The problem of ribbon development is complex involving social-economic, political, technical and legal
measures for its solution.
TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
C. SATELLITE GROWTH
• When a town reaches a certain size, satellite growth is bound to take place. The satellite town is mainly
due to the metropolis and it indicate a body under the influence of a more powerful body but
possessing its own identity. Development of satellite towns around the parent city is shown in the
figure below.

TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
C. SATELLITE GROWTH
• The features of a satellite town are as follows.
• It has its own local government and corporate life.
• It is a town in the full sense but it depends to a certain extent upon a nearby large town or city.
• It is connected to the parent city by local trains, buses, etc. in such a way the people can reach to the
parent city easily.
• It is free to decide its economic, social and cultural activities.
• It is generally situated beyond the green belt of the parent city.
• It is mainly residential area having only local shops, schools for children, etc.
• No industries are permitted, the people will have to depend on the parent city for employment
opportunities.
• It need not have zoning regulations.
• Its size and development are controlled in such a way that it does not affect the parent town in future.
TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
C. SATELLITE GROWTH
• Disadvantages
• The main disadvantage of satellite growth is the necessity of the long journey to work. (It may be long
journey in distance does not necessarily mean a long journey in time due to efficient modes of
transport and traffic).
• Satellite growth may be deprived of entertainment and cultural activity.
• It is responsible for preventing the development of a community spirit.
• Lack of community centres and halls.

TOWN PLANNING
NATURAL GROWTH
D. SCATTERED GROWTH
• The growth of the town takes place in very irregular way.
• It results in traffic congestion.
• Encroachment of industries on residential areas.
• Development of slums.
• Lack of parks and various other problems which prove to be too difficult to be solved in future.
TOWN PLANNING
PLANNED GROWTH
• In case of a planned growth, a town develops in a pre-determined line as conceived by the town
planner. The overall growth of the town is controlled by the enforcement of suitable rules and
regulations. There is rational distribution of various blocks such as residential, industrial, commercial,
etc.
• The provision of various amenities such as widths of streets, drainage lines, water supply lines, parks,
playgrounds, etc. is made to meet with the future requirements. The modern concepts of town
planning can very well be seen and appreciated in some of the recent new towns in many parts of the
world.

TOWN PLANNING
HORIZONTAL GROWTH
The town expands and develops horizontally in all directions. It is clear that such a growth will be possible at
places where land is available in plenty at nominal cost.
Advantages
• In general, there will be saving in cost as the buildings will usually consist of two or three floors.
• It does not require the service of high technical personnel.
• Maximum possible use of the natural light in the buildings.
• The density of the population can be restricted.
• There is economy of floor space as the provision of columns, lifts, etc. will not be required.
• The surrounding marginal space can be utilized for developing gardens.
Disadvantages
• It uses more land and hence, it will prove to be uneconomical where the land value are very high.
• The foundation cost per unit area will be more.
• There will be absence of group living.
TOWN PLANNING
VERTICAL GROWTH
The buildings of the town are designed and developed as multistoried flats. It is quite evident that such a
growth will be possible at places where land is costly.
Advantages
• A sense of group living and unity develops as many families live in same building.
• The foundation cost will be distributed between all the floors, therefore the foundation cost per unit
area will be in the reasonable limit.
• For floor above certain height, the natural sceneries such as sea view, river view, etc. can be enjoyed in
a better way.
• It will be possible to make maximum use of the modern technology such as fire-proofing, sound-
proofing, heat insulation, air-conditioning, high speed elevators, etc.
• There will be considerable saving in land and hence, it will prove to be economical where land values
are very high.
• There will be economy in construction cost as the buildings will be designed as framed structures with
repetition of a typical floor plan at each floor level.

TOWN PLANNING
VERTICAL GROWTH
The buildings of the town are designed and developed as multistoried flats. It is quite evident that such a
growth will be possible at places where land is costly.
Disadvantages
• In case of natural calamities such as earthquakes or fire, it will be difficult for the inhabitants (dwellers)
of the upper floors to escape safely.
• The density of population will be more.
• The design of flats will be stereo-typed and there is no scope for personal likes or dislikes.
• The evils of group living will have to be tolerated.
• The failure of lift, pumps, etc. will cause great inconvenience.
• The people staying at upper floors will be deprived of natural living near the ground level.
• There will be some wastage of floor space as lifts, supporting columns, etc. will have to be provided.
TOWN PLANNING
DEVELOPMENT OF TOWNS
Depending upon the size, population, pattern of land ownership, distance from urban area, etc., and the
settlement patterns in India can be grouped under the following four categories:
• Basic village: The population of basic village is of about 400 to 500 people and the primary occupation is agriculture.
The primary school, open well for potable water, murum roads, mobile dispensary livestock breeding centre, etc.
• Rural town: The population of rural town is of about 2000 to 3000 people and it groups the surrounding 10 to 15
basic villages. It serves as a cultural, commercial and administrative centre and its stability can be increased by taking
various steps such as tube well, open drains, secondary school, mobile library, community hall, murum roads,
agricultural seeds research and development centres, etc.
• Service town: The population of service town is of about 5000 to 7000 people and it accommodates adequate level
of amenities, services and economic activities to cater about 25 to 30 basic villages. The service town grants
employment in small scale industries over and above the agricultural employment. The service town contains
cinema, community halls, industrial estate, electricity, macadam roads, piped water supply, health centre, etc.
• Town: This is the last level of settlement and depending upon its location, its size will be decided. It may even
ultimately convert into a big city possessing all the modern amenities and services. Thus, the town indicates the
smallest urban community and it represents greater impact of rural character.

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PLANNING PROCESS
All stages of actions from defining the objectives till implementation and review of any project are the part of
planning process. In plan preparation, the physical planning should be associated with the socio-economical,
geographical, political factors, for achieving the objective in desired direction.
The various stages of planning process are as follows:
1. Identification and definition of problems
2. Defining the objectives
3. Surveys for primary data collection
4. Analysis of data and preparation of study maps
5. Forecasting
6. Design
7. Fixation of priorities
8. Implementation
9. Review, evaluation and feedback
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1. Identification and definition of problems
Various problems with reference to the results obtained by studies and surveys and with reference to the
objectives are identified.
2. Defining the objectives
Here the objectives of the planning are identified. The general objectives of any planning of urban area is to:
• Regulate growth;
• Nullify the bad effects of past growth;
• Improve the transportation facilities;
• Optimize the resources utilization;
• Balance population and economic activities;
• Promote social integration among different categories;
• Promote a convenient comfortable, beautiful and healthy environment;

TOWN PLANNING
3. Surveys for primary data collection
The following studies and surveys are taken up for plan preparation,
• Identification of growth (physical, economical, social, cultural, institutional, administrative and political)
• Identification of trend and direction of growth
• Traffic survey
• Study on demography
• Climate
• Resources and other potentials
4. Analysis of data & preparation of study maps
The data obtained is analyzed, observation and calculations are derived out of studies and surveys full stop the
short term objectives and long-term objectives are identified, and various study maps charts and graphs are
prepared.
5. Forecasting
Period of demographic projection is described. Forecasting of about migration employment, industrialization
and other rapid urbanization possibilities are to be made
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6. Design
This is an important aspect in Planning process. Need to relate existing patterns, infrastructures and trends to
be examined. Preparation of development plan, formulation of development zones, alteration of existing
zoning regulations, widening of roads etc. to be made in detail here.
Alternatives are to be made for effective and quick employment of implementation of plan. The plan should
also be able to cope with sudden and unexpected events. Possibility of changing from one strategy to another
should be designed at the same time take keeping in view the total expenditure.
7. Priorities
Since not all the proposals can be taken up simultaneously due to finical and administrative difficulties,
priorities should be fixed for taking up implementation depending upon the importance and urgency.

TOWN PLANNING
8. Implementation
Implementation is the most important stage where all the earlier efforts to prepare plan is to be put into
practice to achieve the objectives. The authority, which takes up the implementation, is to fulfill all the
required legal obligations in time – zoning regulations, land acquisition for road widening and for all other
purposes is taken up.
9. Review
The work of implementation has to be monitored by taking up periodical inspections and obtaining review
reports. Feedback is essential periodically. The plan should be flexible for modifications depending upon the
needs of the day.
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TYPES OF TOWN PLANNING
• To maintain the continuity in the planning process, the following five forms of planning are to be considered:
1. Local planning
2. Country planning
3. Regional planning
4. National planning
5. International planning.

TOWN PLANNING
• Local planning:
• The development plan of a city or town is prepared by keeping in view the local conditions.
• It aims at proper distribution of population densities, regulation of traffic, location of shopping and recreational
centres, provision of green belt, suitable division of area in various zones, etc.
• Local planning is influenced by economic conditions and finances available for the development of the town.
• Country planning:
• The area surrounding a town cannot be allowed to develop in a haphazard way.
• Generally, a town is surrounded by villages and rural planning becomes necessary for proper functioning of the town.
• The surrounding village is linked up with suitable transport system in country planning.
• Village industries such as dairy, poultry farming, basket and rope making, weaving, etc. are encouraged.
• A proper balance between the agricultural and industry should be maintained without disturbing the character of
rural area.
• Country planning and town planning are related to each other and cannot be treated as two separate entities.
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• Regional planning:
• It includes proposals in a region for the distribution of population, industry, transport facility, rural services, etc.
• The regional planning helps in controlling and reshaping the growth of major towns in the region.
• In general, a region may be defined as an area within which interaction is more intense than its interaction with
other areas and the modern practice is to include the following in regional planning:
1. Agricultural regions.
2. Industrial areas.
3. Large hydro-electric power stations.
4. Resort and recreational areas.
5. Suburban zones of cities.

TOWN PLANNING
• Regional planning:
• It includes proposals in a region for the distribution of population, industry, transport facility, rural services, etc.
• The regional planning helps in controlling and reshaping the growth of major towns in the region.
• In general, a region may be defined as an area within which interaction is more intense than its interaction with
other areas and the modern practice is to include the following in regional planning:
1. Agricultural regions.
2. Industrial areas.
3. Large hydro-electric power stations.
4. Resort and recreational areas.
5. Suburban zones of cities.
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• National Planning:
• It suggests the setting up of the planning procedure on a national level.
• By proper and careful national planning, the resources of national importance like railways, irrigation projects, heavy
industries, hydro-electric works, etc. can be utilized in the best possible manner.
• Developments is from top level to bottom level, that is International level to local level or vice-versa.
• Developments in terms of various economic sectors such as agricultural, fishing, forestry, mining, quarrying, etc.
• Developments in terms of various social sectors such as clothing, housing, food, education, health, employment,
recreation, etc.
• International Planning:
• With the establishment of United Nations Organisation (UNO), the international planning has come into existence
and efforts are made at international level to promote goodwill and co-operation between different countries of the
world.
• The various agencies appointed by UNO conduct surveys in various fields of human life such as education, health,
housing, food, etc. such surveys helps in finding out remedies and solutions of complicated problems at an
international level.

TOWN PLANNING
DISTRIBUTION OF LAND USE
Any town possesses the following five distinct parts, The below five parts are well defined in case of planned
town. They are, however, not very clear in case of an unplanned town. The brief description of each part is
given below,
1. Town centre: It indicates the central area containing commercial and administrative blocks, theatres,
big temples, library, museum, etc.
2. Industrial area: In this part, the manufacturing industries of different goods are located.
3. Residential area: This part is mainly used for providing residential accommodation to the inhabitants
of the town. But it also contains small shops, primary schools, gardens, small service industries, etc.
4. Open space: This part of town is allotted to network of roads, parks and playgrounds and in fact, it
indicates land which is substantially left in its natural state for the benefit of people.
5. Town periphery: It is used to indicate the land which is located on the boundary of town and which is
directly influenced by the town. However, it cannot be considered as part of the town. The town
periphery includes market, gardens, nurseries, golf courses, etc.
TOWN PLANNING
SITE FOR AN IDEAL TOWN
1. Availability of the natural advantages
2. Availability of electricity
3. Available means of communication
4. Climatic conditions
5. Contours of the area
6. Development of the surrounding area
7. Drainage of the area
8. Facility available for sewage disposal
9. Fertility of soils
10. Frequency of the floods
11. Growth of the trees
12. Nature of soil
13. Position of lakes and streams
14. Water resources, etc..
The important features to be considered with respect to the site of a town are as follows:

TOWN PLANNING
REQUIREMENTS OF NEW TOWNS
The two important facts which are to be carefully examined before deciding the requirements of new towns
are as follows:
1. Function of the town: A new town is generally formed or developed for specific purpose. The purposes for
which the towns may be designed are commerce, industry, culture, education, defence, health, recreation,
government administration, etc. these purposes will help boost the economy, social welfare and political
condition. Once the function of a new town known, size of population to be accommodated in the town
can be worked out.
2. Welfare of the people: A new town should be designed for the welfare of the people. The welfare of the
people is measured by three factors, namely, amenities, convenience and health.
TOWN PLANNING
REQUIREMENTS OF NEW TOWNS
General requirements:
• Amenities such as sewer lines, water supply, electric power, etc.
• Education.
• Effective road networks.
• Planned growth of the town.
• Provision for future expansion.
• Proper location of public building.
• Parks and playgrounds.
• Provision of suitable bye-laws for the town.
• Recreation centres.
• Zoning of town into suitable zone.

TOWN PLANNING
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE OF TOWN PLANNING
• Town planning can be studied from various dimensions including historical, legal, architectural, sociological
and economic etc.
• Each category will study the subject from certain point of views and conclusion arrived at by each study will
certainly have influence on the field of other categories. It is thus not possible to study town planning from a
solitary angle. Hence town planning should be studied for the economic angle along other factors.
• In the economic sense town planning is desired if it’s adaptation leads to better utilization of the Sources of
the community than would otherwise be achieved.
• Town planning mainly deals with he utilizations of the available lands. Hence, for any size, the best planned
town is the one where aggregate land values are at a maximum. Thus, economically best town plan will lead
to the highest aggregate.
TOWN PLANNING
SOCIO – ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TOWN PLANNING
The town planning is desirable if its adoption leads to better utilization of the resources of the community.
Hence, for any given size, the best planned town is one where the aggregate land values are at a maximum.
Thus, economically, the best town plan will lead to the highest aggregate land values. While adopting the land
values condition, the following factors are to be considered for assessing the economic worth of town
planning:
1. Change in quantity of resource
2. Demand for goods and services
3. Production techniques
4. Redistribution of land values

TOWN PLANNING
SOCIO – ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TOWN PLANNING
The economic advantages offered by urban way of life are enormous. But at the same time, urban growth is
not smooth and there are many difficulties that prevent the town from making maximum contribution to
national economy. Some of the economic disadvantage can be mentioned as difficulties in securing housing
accommodation, congestion of facilities, etc.
In a similar way, the drawbacks from various disciplines can be enumerated as follows:
1. The local government is concerned with the expansion of urban area, and its administration, etc.
2. The medical officer is concerned with the effects of dirt, smoke, etc. on the health of urban dwellers.
3. The psychologist is concerned with the effects of noise and strain leading to greater insanity and
psychological pressure.
4. The sociologist is concerned with the formation of slums, inadequate recreational facilities, increase in
theft and crime, etc.
TOWN PLANNING (LDA)
MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF LDA
1. Approval of building plans of residential, commercial, industrial, institutional and all other public
utility sites in LDA schemes, private approved schemes and within the controlled area of LDA.
2. Prepare as well as maintain the demarcation record of each and every plot of LDA scheme.
3. To check the violations against the approved building plans/building regulations and to decide the
cases regarding composition of these violations.
4. Processing of land use conversion according to the policy/rules.
5. Maintenance of demarcation record.
6. To issue completion certificate of all building erected on plots of LDA schemes after composition of
violations.
7. To check and remove un-authorized constructions, encroachments and illegal land use conversions,
in LDA jurisdiction, through statutory as well as physical measures under LDA Act 1975.

TOWN PLANNING (LDA)
MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF LDA
8. Planning and design of plans of land sub-division, public utilities, amenities and facilities.
9. Processing and disposal of queries regarding land use, housing and urban planning situations in the
city.
10. Processing and issuance of No Objection Certificates for establishment of different land uses, Petrol
pumps, CNG Stations, Mosques, Public Buildings in the light of prevailing policies and other related
planning documents.
11. Lodging of complaints to the Competent Courts as provided in section 35/38 of Lahore Development
Authority and policy enforced from time to time.
12. To sanction the sub-division of plots on payment of prescribed fee in accordance with the
instructions/orders and policy enforced from time to time.
13. Rendering advices on periodic improvements/modifications in existing planning land use plans,
zoning and building regulations/polices of the Authority.
TOWN PLANNING
MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF LDA - ONGOING TASKS
• To prepare development plans for the urban areas.
• To prepare town planning schemes.
• To carry out surveys in the urban development area.
• To guide, direct and assist the local authority in urban development.
• To control development activities according to the plan.
• To execute work in connection with supply of water, disposal of sewage.
• To enter into contracts and agreements with local authority and organizations.

TOWN PLANNING (LDA)
Land use of residential area:
Permitted use:
1. Houses
2. apartment building;
3. park and playground;
4. graveyard or place of burial;
5. horticultural nursery;
6. old age home or orphanage; and
7. urban forest.
TOWN PLANNING (LDA)
Land use of residential area:
Permissible use:
1. Government or semi-government office;
2. Place of worship or prayer or mosque;
3. Day-care center and pre-school;
4. Coaching center or academy / Schools / Colleges / University / Library;
5. Dispensary / Hospital / Rehabilitation center for disabled;
6. Guest house;
7. indoor sports faculty / Community-center or club;
8. Automated teller machine (ATM);
9. Parking plaza or parking site;
10. Diplomatic enclave or diplomatic office
11. post office, fire station, rescue and emergency services offices.

TOWN PLANNING (LDA)
COMMERCIALIZATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PLOTS
COMMERCIALIZATION POLICY WAS FIRST TIME NOTIFIED IN 1990. THEN IT AMENDED IN 1993 AND 2001.
Land use Rules 2009 (Classification, Reclassification and Redevelopment) under Lahore Development Authority(Act 1975).
PROCEDURE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION.
TOWN PLANNING (LDA)
COMMERCIALIZATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PLOTS
1. Application/ request for annual/permanent commercialization are submitted by the owners/applicants on plain
paper through LDA one window operation along with a pay order of Rs.1000/- in favor of DG LDA.
2. Request is forwarded to the field staff for site inspection/verification.
3. Ownership requisition for getting the entitlement of the applicants, is forwarded to the concerned directorate i.e.
Land development/Estate Management to know the present ownership and particulars of building period etc.
4. In case of private schemes/controlled area, after site verification, the case is referred to the Metropolitan Planning
cell for scrutiny and clearance of ownership record and its position with reference to private scheme.
5. In case of Controlled area of LDA the case is referred to TEPA for checking of structure plan roads and verification
of required setback for road widening.
6. After detail scrutiny, the case is submitted to the Director General, LDA for final decision/approve.
7. After the approval the demand notice for commercialization fee is issued.
8. On payment of commercialization fee, the case are forwarded to Director Finance, LDA for verification of paid
amount from the cash book.
9. After verification of paid commercialization fee, commercialization approval letter is issued.

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING
THE END !!
ANY QUESTIONS ??
23-Nov-21 63

05 - Town Planning (04-10-21).pdf

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