This document discusses the location of various land use areas including industrial, residential, commercial, and recreational areas. It provides reasons for why different types of land uses are generally located where they are from an economic and user perspective. Key factors that influence the location of industrial areas include proximity to raw materials, energy supply, land availability and cost, access to markets and labor, and transportation infrastructure. Residential areas are often located in environments that are healthy, comfortable, and close to local commercial centers and public transportation. Commercial areas are usually located near industrial and residential zones for accessibility but far from heavy industry, and need parking availability. Recreational facilities like parks are commonly within residential areas but can also be in commercial zones.

1. Architecture & Town Planning
1
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST
Class# 14: Location of Various Land Use Areas

2. Isn’t This a Great Day to Study
Architecture & Town Planning???
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 2
Source: Sydney Opera House “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52fqFVuaBhE”

3. Today’s Agenda
• Location of Industrial Areas
• Location of Residential Areas
• Location of Commercial Areas
• Location of Recreational Areas
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 3

4. Location of Various Land Use Areas
• Location
o Specific position or point in physical space that can be exact
or relative
o Concerned with geographic location in terms of economy,
comfort and expediency
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 4
Source: Location, location, location, “https://www.saintelizabeth.com/About-Saint-Elizabeth/CEO-Blog/December-2014/Location,-location,-location!.aspx”

5. Location of Various Land Use Areas
• Try to understand it from the user’s perspective
• Imperative to answer different questions;
o What are the reasons for the location of a particular
business or industry in a specific area?
o Why people decide to live in a particular housing
scheme?
o Who this commercial or public zone intends to serve?
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 5
Source: Stock Images;“http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-images-who-what-how-why-where-questions-image29506484”

6. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Important for economy of the town
• Difference between industry and firm
o Firm:
• Business establishment within an industry
• May be located at different locations
o Industry:
• Business inside an economy
• Consist of firms having common characteristics in nature of
their economic activity
• Firms may cluster in a particular area
• Location preferred at low cost of production
• Planning laws and regulations govern their location
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 6

7. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Proximity to Raw materials
o Needs to be close to the source if available locally
o Otherwise needs to be near a port or some other point of
import
o Metal ores, arable land, water etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 7
Source: Rising cost of raw materials – Forging: ;“https://traccsolution.com/resources/raw-material-costs/”

8. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Energy Supply
o Access to a power source
o Industries require specific type and quantity of energy
o R & D industry, cement industry etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 8
Source: Solar Quarter:“http://www.solarquarter.com/”

9. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Land Site
o Importance of size and cost of land
o May require large accessible areas of cheap, flat land
o Opportunity for Expansion
o Town’s peripheral land vs. town’s main land
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 9
Source: Invest in Pites @ TheNodePole,“https://investinpitea.wordpress.com/2014/02/18/greenfield-land-for-data-centers-of-industries-for-sale-or-lease/”

10. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Market
o Accessible place to sell products is essential for many
industries
• Bulk increasing vs. bulk reducing industries
• Perishable goods e.g. flower industry
• Service providers
o May also include export opportunities
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 10
Source: 3 Stepsto Finding Great Affiliate Marketing Partners,“http://www.impactradius.com/blog/3-steps-finding-great-affiliate-marketing-partners”

11. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Labor
o Availability of large cheap labor force for labor-intensive
manufacturing industries
o Whereas, skilled workers for high-tech industries
o Proximity to low income labor colonies vs. high income
housing
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 11
Source:,“http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exogenous-growth.asp?layout=infini&v=5C&adtest=5C&ato=3000”

12. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Proximity to Other Industries
o Eternal economies of Scale
• Good infrastructure
• Co-operation
o Interdependence of Industries
o Centralization of supporting or ancillary firms
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 12
Source:,“http://futurepositive.synearth.net/2003/page/8/?print-friendly=true”

13. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
• Transportation and Communication Services
o Important for information
• Access to high speed data networks, broadband, cable and
satellite services etc.
o Important for goods distribution
• May include high quality road networks, access to trains,
airports, ports etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 13
Source: Transportation,“http://www.fieldsync.net/en/industries/transportation”

14. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Residential Areas
• Areas where housing predominates other land uses
• May include single family housing, multiple family housing
such as (apartments, townhomes etc.)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 14
Source: Housing Free Images, “http://housing-free.com/64-car/133-car.html”

15. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Residential Areas
• Healthy and Comforting Environment
o Far from industrial area
• May be beside some small industries that don’t affect
residential needs and comforts of habitants
o Availability of small clean streets with green spaces
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 15
Source: Community Plan, City of Dublin, http://communityplan.dublinohiousa.gov/special-area-plans/northwest-glacier-ridge-area/”

16. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Residential Areas
• Proximity to local commercial center
o Hub of residential area activity
o May consist of small local commercial area with some public
buildings (e.g. a school, small medical facility post office etc.
are considered integral parts of a residential area)
o Non-residential activity needs to remain limited
16
Source: “http://www.sellingsouthwestaustin.com/blog/oak-hill-plaza-to-undergo-renovations-under-new-bbd-commercial-ownership/”

17. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Residential Areas
• Access to Public Transport
o Access to public transport to facilitate interaction between
different residential colonies
o Mode of access to town commercial zone
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 17
Source: The Northwest Urbanist, “ https://thenorthwesturbanist.com/2014/03/29/redesigning-15th-avenue-ne/”

18. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Residential Areas
• Housing w.r.t. financial classes
o Low, medium and high income housing
o Relates to the cost of land depending upon factors like
location, facilities etc.
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 18
Source: Think India Foundation, “http://www.thinkindia.net.in/2012/07/affordable-housing-not-affordable-to-buyers-developers.html”

19. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Residential Areas
• Areas with varying housing density
o Dense residential areas near commercial and industrial
areas
• Living of commercial area employees
o Low density residential areas at the outskirts with more quiet
environment
19
Classification)of)Zoning3
Classification of Zoning w.r.t. Density

20. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Commercial Areas
• Center of business and cultural activities
• Important to facilitate interaction and exchange
• Fulfill the inhabitant’s retail and wholesale requirements
• Contain significant portion of employment opportunities for
the residents
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 20
Source: Badar Commercial Area Defence (DHA) Phase 5-ext, “http://www.property365.pk/badar-commercial-area-defence-dha-phase-5-ext/”

21. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Commercial Areas
• Proximity to Industrial Zone
o Enable easy transport of manufactured goods to the market
user
o However, needs to be far from high pollution producing
industries
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 21
Source: Cargo Container, “https://www.pinterest.com/alltrucksalesco/cargo-container/”

22. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Commercial Areas
• Proximity to Residential Zone
o Accessible to the town residents for business purposes
o Commute trip reduction for commercial workers
o Can serve as a buffer between industrial and residential
areas
o High to medium density residential areas and apartment
buildings at the periphery
22
Source: Museum , Urban Sprawl, “http://www.museumofthecity.org/project/urban-sprawl-2/”

23. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Commercial Areas
• Accessibility
o Accessible to the town residents for business purposes
o Availability of public transport to and from the commercial
area
o Diversity in modes of transportation
o Walkability or internal transportation within the commercial
area (use of pedways)
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 23
Source: Galt House… of pedways, “http://www.wdrb.com/story/30588661/galt-house-concerned-about-planned-removal-of-pedways”

24. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Commercial Areas
• Availability of Parking Space
o Adequate parking space available for efficiency
o Can be open as well as structured or underground (depends
upon the land available)
o Times may call for limited parking during certain times
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 24
Source: Parking Garages, “http://www.galvanizeit.org/hdg-in-use/transportation/parking-garages”

25. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Civic Centers
• Prominent land area considered as the focal point or
center of town
• May contain dominant public buildings
• Can be placed within CBD in town commercial area,
however some public buildings can be located within
residential commercial areas
• Another appropriate place can be at the
junction of residential and commercial
areas
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 25
Source: e-architect, “http://www.e-architect.co.uk/seattle/seattle-civic-centre”

26. Location of Various Land Use Areas
Location of Recreational Facilities
• Parks
o Protected area in its natural or semi-natural state or planted,
and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment
• Other Recreational facilities
o May involve swimming pools, cultural centers, gymnasiums
etc.
• Normally located within residential areas but can also be
present in commercial areas
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 26

27. Questions ???
Department of Civil Engineering, MUST 27