The presentation is an attempt to trace the history of Chandigarh Master Plan. It showcases also the making of Chandigarh Capital city and the making of Chandigarh Master Plan-2031
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
Urban Villages of Delhi: Case study Kotla MubarakpurJoel Michael
Documentation and analysis of surveys and mapping conducted in 3 urban villages of Delhi, namely, Kotla Mubarakpur, Mohammedpur and Hauz Khaz. Comparative analysis of their stages of urbanization and a proposal for Kotla Mubarakpur.
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) Sumit Ranjan
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Housing, 8th sem, B. Arch.
amount, beneficiaries, constraints and recommendations, discription, drawbacks, facilities, financial, funding, government, housing, introduction, managerial, nature, objectives, slums, technical
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
Presentation describes the journey of Chandigarh Master Plan right from its inception and tries to bring out facts which have gone into making of the Master Plan of 2013
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
Urban Villages of Delhi: Case study Kotla MubarakpurJoel Michael
Documentation and analysis of surveys and mapping conducted in 3 urban villages of Delhi, namely, Kotla Mubarakpur, Mohammedpur and Hauz Khaz. Comparative analysis of their stages of urbanization and a proposal for Kotla Mubarakpur.
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) Sumit Ranjan
National Slum Development Program (NSDP)
Housing, 8th sem, B. Arch.
amount, beneficiaries, constraints and recommendations, discription, drawbacks, facilities, financial, funding, government, housing, introduction, managerial, nature, objectives, slums, technical
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
Presentation describes the journey of Chandigarh Master Plan right from its inception and tries to bring out facts which have gone into making of the Master Plan of 2013
Chandigarh, recognized globally, for its state of art planning and architecture, remains unique, different , distinct and a role model in the parlance of Democratic governance at the local level ,with having distinction of electing 28 Mayors, Senior Deputy Mayors and Deputy Mayors in last 28 years of the creation of Urban local body. City remains embedded with best of the political wisdom with 9 out of 45 members being nominated with voting rights( already in the court of law). for providing necessary guidance, support, knowledge and understanding of the local urban governance to the
Chandigarh Municipal Corporation. City modulates/stuck up between between two negatively related forces of bureaucratization and democratization. City remains a unique model of urban governance with all senior level appointments made outside the democratic system. City is being run, made operational and function through artificial intelligence with no accountability to the citizens and city. City draws it strength, resources, funds, authority and responsibility from the decisions made outside municipal corporation. City being run and managed by a law, a copy/paste of Punjab Municipal Corporation Act,1976 ,which has little relevance with the uniqueness of the city. Despite made operational after 74th Constitutional Amendment Act,1972,existing law violates , with impunity, major provisions made in the constitution related to democratic decentralization at the local level. Looking at the distinct and different character, structure, functions, planning and development of the Capital City, Chandigarh ,changing context of city with all rural areas and areas defined as periphery made part of the city urban limits, city needs state of the art urban governance model and a different legal framework so that basic structure and fabric of the city is not systematically diluted, muted and destroyed.
The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act,1995JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an overview in brief of the provisions of The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act,1995 including its objectives, typogies of authorities, planning framework and functions of Authorities. However, paper does not cover its critical appraisal
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
he MRTP Act was enacted to ensure that the economic system’s operation does not result in the concentration of economic power in the hands of a few. An overview of the MRTP Act has been provided in this article, covering key characteristics, key clauses, and revisions that have been made throughout time. It was eventually abolished and replaced by the Competition Act of 2002, India’s first market regulation law.
The Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Legislation (MRTP) was implemented in 1969. This law was designed to ensure that the economic system’s operation does not result in the concentration of economic power in the hands of a few. Therefore, ensure that monopolies are controlled and that monopolistic and restrictive business practices are prohibited. Except for Jammu & Kashmir, the MRTP Act covers the whole country.
The MRTP Act was passed in 1969 to ensure that economic power was concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals. The statute was put in place to prevent monopolistic and restrictive business practices. Except for Jammu and Kashmir, it covered all of India.
The act’s Goals and Objectives are as follows
To ensure that the economic system does not result in the concentration of economic power in the hands of a few wealthy individuals
To ensure that monopolies are controlled, and
To make it illegal to engage in monopolistic and restrictive commercial practices
The Act shall not apply to the following
Any venture that the government firm owns or controls
Any government-owned or controlled enterprise
Any undertaking owned or managed by a corporation (not one formed by or under any federal, provincial, or state law)
Any trade union or other group of workers or employees created to ensure their reasonable protection as workers or employees
Any industry-related activity whose administration has been taken over by a person or group of people with powers granted by the central government
Any business owned by a cooperative society created and registered by federal, provincial, or state law
Unfair Trade Practices
Unfair business practice Means a business practice that employs a dishonest or misleading practice to promote the sale, usage, or supply of products or services.
What are unfair trading practices?
Falsely implies that the items are of a certain quality, quantity, grade, composition, or model style
Make a false claim that the service meets a certain standard, quantity, or grade
Represents sponsorship, approval, performance, traits, accessories, uses, or benefits that the items or services do not have
Makes a false or deceptive statement about the necessity for, or utility of, any products or services
It gives any promise or assurance about the items’ performance, efficiency, or life span that isn’t based on appropriate or proper testing
False offer of bargaining price: It is unfair commercial conduct if an advertisement is published in a newspaper or elsewhere offering products or services at a bargain price
Architecture and Town Planning _Unit 5_SPPU_LARR, UDPFI, RERA and MAHA-RERA b...Shrikant Kate
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Board of Studies in Civil Engineering
B. E. Civil 2015 COURSE (w. e. f. June 2018)
401004 Elective I (4)- Architecture and Town Planning
Unit V:
• Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act
• URDPFI Guidelines (for land use, infrastructure etc.),
• Real Estate (Regulation and Development )Act 2016 and MAHA-RERA
Planning Laws - Its Implications for Urban Development JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to analyse the role and importance of legal framework in the context of urban development and the need to make urban laws more rational, simple and supportive of the urban development.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
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Untold Story of Chandigarh Master Plan
1. Jit Kumar Gupta,
Chief Town Planner
Sahara Prime City Ltd,
Area Office , Chandigarh
Untold Story
of Chandigarh
Master Plan
2. Urban Planning and Legal Framework
• In this era of rapid and massive urbanization:
urban land development and
urban development process
emerged critical areas of major concerns to all governments.
• Planning and Management of urban settlements have major
implications on:
economic development,
social change,
Environmental sustainability,
operational efficiency of any society and
Welfare of the community
• At the root of such development / administration are
- human beings and their basic requirements of living, working, cobs
and travel
- land / its allocation / planning and management involving
-- Sub-division and
--- Use of Land
• Land-use planning emerges most powerful element in the process
of urban development.
3. Urban Planning and Legal Framework
All civilized societies have roots in a defined system of rules
/regulations
Planned growth and development also requires a well defined
regime of law to support .
Planning legislation has profound implications for urban
development because:
It defines system of urban government.
Establishes systems of Urban Planning & Regulation of land
development.
Delimits the role and power of Urban Planners & Managers.
Defines basic procedure for Plan Preparation, Approval and making
them Operational.
Law never a neutral instrument.
Law has vital implications for society- and cities for their
functioning and development.
Behind every law lies political and policy issues and not merely
technical agenda.
Indian legal framework for planning is primarily colonial.
Legal System not rational to cope with emerging problems of India
because of inadequacies of planning practices/planning systems of
colonial law.
4. Urban Planning and Legal Framework
With urbanizations picking up number of laws have been
enacted to control, regulate & promote planned urban
development.
Urban development being state subject - states enacted large
number of laws.
Most of the laws are subject specific
Each law has its
Objectives
Basic framework in terms of what is permitted and prohibited
Management system and
Operational system
Accordingly there is:
Multiplicity of laws.
Multiplicity of agencies created under law
Multiplicity of rules and regulations framed.
Indian laws are characterized by high degree of
bureaucratization with bureaucrats ruling the system.
Need to relook at legal framework to make it rational and closer
to ground realities.
5. Urban legal scenario underwent critical change due to the enactment
of 74th CAA, 1992
Gave constitutional recognition to Urban Local Bodies
Changed federal structure of the country from 2 to 3 tier
Recognized subjects of
Urban planning,
Town planning &
Land use planning
District planning
Metropolitan planning
Provided for empowering the local authorities to take up the onus of
planning,
development and
management of urban areas
Provided for setting up
District Planning Committees at District level
Metropolitan Area Planning Committee for Metropolitan Area
for preparing District Plans and Metropolitan Area Plans.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
6. METHODOLGY FOR MASTER PLAN
The various stages of preparation of Master Plan include:
1. Identification and notification of Local Planning Area and Planning Agency
2. Preparation of Existing Land Use Plan
· 3. Assessment and analysis of Local Planning Area in terms of
· Regional Setting
· Historical Evolution
· Demographic Studies
· Socio-Economic Studies
• Housing
•Slums & Poverty
•Trade and commerce
•Industries
· Traffic & Transportation
· Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sewerage, Solid Waste Management,
· Social Infrastructure (Educational, Medical, Recreational, Miscellaneous)
•Environment , Heritage and Tourism
· Growth Pattern
· Land use
· Available studies and report
· Ongoing and Proposed Projects
7. METHODOLGY FOR MASTER PLAN
4. Involving Stakeholders through:
FGD’s and personal interviews
· Meeting with experts
· Think Tank meetings
· NGOs/ Private agencies/ Public Agencies/state Departments
· Public Representatives,
5. Identifying Gaps , Issues and Problems through:
· Comparison with available norms and standards
· Spatial Distribution , Quantitative and Qualitative
6. Carrying out S.W.O.T analysis based upon
• Studies made and analysis carried on
• City Assessment
• Stakeholders’ Perception
• Identified problems and gaps
• Identifying major socio-economic drivers
8. METHODOLGY FOR MASTER PLAN
7. Working out City requirements- for next 20 Years based on:
· Population Projections ,Norms and Standard , Broad Land use Requirements.
8. Defining Conceptual Framework through:
· Defining Vision for future growth and development
· Identifying broad objectives
· Laying down mission statements for critical areas
9. Preparation of alternatives--Concept Plans
10. Evolving Draft Master Plan – Involving Proposed Land Use Plan /Traffic &
Transportation Plan along with Development Control Regulations (D.C.R)
· Based on existing land use plan , critical areas, growth divers, areas to be preserved and
conserved and promoted, heritage
· Studies and assessment made --- Gaps and problems identified
· Stakeholders’ perception ---Objectives/ vision/ Mission framed
· Future population growth---- Future infrastructure requirements/ Available land for
development
11. Notifying Draft Master Plan for Inviting Public Objections/ Suggestions--- Considering
Public Objections/Suggestions
12 Finalising Master Plan- Issuing Public notice including Phasing and Investment Plan
12. Evolving Zonal Plans based on Proposed Land Use
9. Chandigarh in Historical Perspective
1947- Capital City of Lahore lost to Pakistan in partition of India
1948- Punjab Government approves the setting up of a new capital
1948- Site for new capital city selected in consultation with Govt of India
1949- First Team- Albert Mayer- hired to plan the city
1949- First Master Plan prepared, Details of superblocks finalised
1950- Death of Mathew Nowiski in a plane crash and hiring of Second team led by Le Corbusier
1951- Second Master Plan evolved
1952- Capital of Punjab, Periphery Control Act, 1952 put in place—8 Kms of periphery notified
1962-Army cantonment, Air Force Station and HMT established in periphery
1962 –Periphery extended from 8 kms to 16 Kms/Periphery controlled area plan put in place
1966– Re-organisation of Punjab- Chandigarh made UT with 114 skms area- City 70 kms+ 44kms of
periphery ( Punj-1021 skm, Haryana-295 skm out of periphery total area of 1360 skms
Post 1966- Mohali (5500 acs)and Panchkula (5000 acs)created by Punjab/ Haryana in periphery
1975- High Powered Co-ordination Committee constituted by GOI under Sec MOUD
1977-Formulation of Chandigarh Urban Complex Plan Involving CHD, Mohali, Panchkula -330 skm
1984- Chandigarh Interstate Regional Plan -2001 prepared-TCPO-2431 skm-pop-25 lakh
1999- Preparation of Chandigarh Interstate Metropolitan Regional Plan for 50 kms radi.
2008- Notification of GMADA Regional Plan 2056- with area of 1021 skm
Post 2008- Haryana added 1550 Acs to Panchkula development
10. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CHANDIGARH
Two laws defining the legal framework of Chandigarh
-For City-The Capital of Punjab( Development and Regulation )Act, 1952
-For Periphery – The Punjab New Capital (Periphery) Control Act, 1952
-- The Punjab Capital (Development and Regulation)Building Rules,1952
The Capital of Punjab( Development and
Regulation )Act, 1952:
Statement of Objects and Reasons:
The construction of the New Capital of Punjab at Chandigarh is in progress.
It is considered necessary to vest the State Government with legal authority to
regulate the sale of building sites and to promulgate building rules on the lines
of Municipal Bye-laws so long as a properly constituted local body does not take
over the administration of the city.
The Capital of Punjab (Development and Regulation) Bill, 1952, seeks to carry out
the above objects and to repeal the Capital of Punjab (Development and
Regulation) Act, 1952, which is a President's Act and is due to expire in April, 1953.
11. The Capital of Punjab(Development &
Regulation)Act, 1952
It extends to the City of Chandigarh which shall comprise the area of the site of
the Capital of Punjab as notified by the Government and to such areas as
may be notified from time to time.
Chandigarh" means the areas to which this Act extends;
Law Provides for;
S 3- Power of Government to Transfer of Land and Buildings
S4—Power to issue directions in respect of erection of buildings---architectural features,
number of residential units, regulating use of sites , maintaining heights and position of
walls, fences and hedges;r estricting use of site for purpose other than building
S5—Bar to erect buildings in contravention of building rules
S6- Power to require proper maintenance of site and buildings
S7– Levy of fee or tax for amenities
S8—Power to resume and forfeiture of sites for breach of conditions of transfer
S11-Preservation and planting trees-issue Tree Preservation Order
S12—Contol of Advertisements– issue Advertisement Control Order
12. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CHANDIGARH-The Capital of
Punjab(Development & Regulation)Act, 1952
S17-Registration of Architects, engineers and plumbers etc– competency to certify
any plan or completion of building and engage in plumbing work unless registered and
licensed by the Chief Administrator as per qualification prescribed in the first schedule
THE FIRST SCHEDULE
1. Fellow / Associate of Royal Institute of British Architects or an equivalent
registration in any other foreign country.
2. Member / Associate member of the Institution of Engineers (India)
3. Member / Associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (England) or an
equivalent registration in any other country.
4. Fellow /Associate of the Indian Institute of Architects
5. B.Sc. in Engineering of any Engineering University in India or abroad or Diploma
in C.E. Roorkee.
6. Diploma from J.J. School of Arts Bombay.
7. Diploma from School of Architecture, Delhi Polytechnic.
8. Diploma, degree or certificate from any other institution recognised by the Indian
Institute of Architects or Institution of Engineers (India).
13. LEGAL FRAMEWORK for area outside CHANDIGARH-
The Punjab New Capital(Periphery) Control Act, 1952
Objects and Reasons ;
Punjab government is constructing a new capital named Chandigarh.
The Master Plan providing for the future extension of the capital which will
extend over a much greater area than the area acquired so far the construction of
the first phase of capital.
To ensure healthy and planned development of the new city it is necessary to
prevent growth of slums and ramshackle construction on the land lying on the
periphery of the new city.
To achieve this object it is necessary to have legal authority to regulate the use of
the said land for the purposes other than the purpose for which it is used at
present
PROVISIONS;
S3- Declaration of Controlled Area
S4- Publication of plans for the Controlled Area
S5-Restrictions in controlled Area
S6-Application for permission and grant/refusal of permission
S7- Appeal, S8- Compensation, S9- Arbitration for compensation
S10- Savings, S11-Prohibtion of use of land,, S12- Offences and penalties, S15-Exemptions
20. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
1 - Punjab &Haryana High Court in CWP 4252 of 2008 –
Gurbax Singh Gill vs Union of India & others directs :
i)Preparation of the Master Plan for the remaining Periphery area in
Chandigarh within the scope of ‘The Punjab New Capital( Periphery) Control
Act,1952 as also the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments;
ii) Preparation of Regional Plan for the tri-city of
Chandigarh/Mohali/Panchkula for guiding future growth in the periphery;
iii) Preventing any further implementation of ad-hoc projects in the periphery
till the formulation of Master Plan.
2 -Constitution of the 11 members Expert Committee in December
2009 and expanded on May28, 2010 vide order no 684
-- for preparation of Draft Master Plan of UT Chandigarh keeping
in mind and adhering to:
--Decisions of Co-ordination Committee headed by Ministry of Urban Development,
GOI
--Directions /orders of the High Court of the Punjab & Haryana High Court in the
CWP 4252 OF 2008- Gurbax Singh Shergill vs Union Of India & others
22. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
3. Expert Committee discussed the strategy/methodology
and course of action for preparing the draft master plan
4. Plan preparation involved study of historical documents ,
ongoing policies and projects of the administration
including:
-Mass Rapid Transport Plan
--Shifting of whole-sale markets
--Slum Rehabilitation
--Demand for Higher Floor Area Ratio
--Re -densification of Phase-1
-Heritage Plan
--Change of landuse of Industrial Plots etc
23. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
5. Committee met more than 80 times, visited various sites
in city/periphery and interacted with various stakeholders
including:
--Traders
--Industrialists
--Resident welfare organizations
--Municipal Councilors
-- Representatives of Educational institutions
-State Departments
-- NGOs
--Village Panchayats
For feedback on the city, its problems, expectations and their
vision for future Chandigarh
24. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
6. Expert Committee was also briefed by Administrator (
Governor of Punjab) and Advisor to Administrator besides
Chief Administrator.
Expert Committee appoached the various departments of
Chandigarh Administration to share their problems, vision
and proposals for meeting the immediate and future needs of
the city related to their operational areas.
7 Meetings held with representatives of
--- Government of India
--State Governments of Punjab and Haryana
8. Presentation made by RITES regarding Comprehensive
Mobility Plan for Chandigarh Urban Complex and improving
transport infrastructure in the city
25. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
9 Expert Committee deliberated and considered major issues
including:
-Preservation of original concept / basic character of city
--preserving environment, ecology and heritage
--Protecting Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary/Lake catchment area
--Growth and development of Villages-within / outside grid
--Informal residential/commercial development
--Development of Mohali and Panchkula
--Urban design/architectural controls
-Completing the Capitol complex
--Promoting Pedestrianisation/cycling including rationalisation of traffic
--Revitalizing City Centre/ sub-city centres
--High rise development planned in the north of capitol in Punjab
--Promoting environment, ecology, forest cover
--Improving economy, eco-tourism and mixed land use, infrastructure
Regional issues -- solid waste management/drainage/sanitation/water supply
26. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
- Demographical profile of the city- existing and future
--Holding capacity of city based on existing and future
development
-- Promoting Rain water harvesting
--Tapping solar energy to make Chandigarh Solar city
- Promoting zero drainage of storm water from large institutions
-- Providing additional housing and institutional area
--Limitation of city area/ traffic congestion/ large urbanisation in
periphery
10. Draft Master Plan- 2031 prepared
11. Draft Master Plan notified by Chandigarh Administration on
July 11,2013 for inviting public objections and suggestions
12 In all 171 Suggestions/ objections were received and
documented
27. Preparing Chandigarh Master Plan- 2031
13 Administrator UT Chandigarh constituted a ‘Board of Enquiry
and Hearing’ vide order dated November 10,2013 to look into
objections/ suggestions received/ give recommendations within
one month by giving public hearing for the objections received
14 Board comprised of 8 members, headed by Chairman
Chandigarh Housing Board with Municipal Commissioner,
Secretary IT, Chief Architect, Chief Engineer, Former Mayor, K S
Sidhu(retd) IAS, Chief Planner TCPO/ his representative
15 Board invited 116 applicants for hearing . 101 appeared. Based
on study / hearing carried out Board finalised the report/
recommendations and submitted to Chandigarh Administration
16. Chief Architect, Chandigarh Administration finalised the
Master Plan in consultation with Chief administrator /Advisor
and submitted to Administrator on September 6,2014
17 Final Master Plan 2031 is still pending for notification.
40. Conclusions……..
Since Chandigarh has no legal framework for preparing Master
Plan- the Master Plan-2031 may not stand testimony of law
Considering existing development and population scenario, it is
vital that Chandigarh should be transformed from a Designed City
to a Planned city
Chandigarh now deserves a legally supported and legally
framed Comprehensive Development Plan and Regional Plan to
rationalize it future growth and development
A Comprehensive Planning ,Development and Management
Legal framework in the form of a State of Art law needs to be
immediately put in place for Chandigarh to replace the existing
laws.
Comprehensive law must provide for integrated planning and
development of city and periphery.
41. Conclusions…..
Since Periphery has lost relevance, Periphery Control Act should
be replaced by a Central Regional Planning law on the pattern
followed for NCR to prepare and implement Regional Plan for
Chandigarh Capital Inter-State Regional Plan.
Inter-state Co-ordination Committee constituted by
Government of India should be replaced by the Regional
Planning Board comprising of partner states of Punjab,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh , Chandigarh,GOI and others
Chandigarh needs a dedicated Professional Authority to
replace bureaucratic structure to regulate its future Growth
and development on professional lines.
Role of Municipal Corporation Chandigarh would needs
redefinition, considering provisions of 74th Constitutional
Amendment Act,1992 and specialized planning,
development and management requirements of the city
