This document provides a broad overview of world history from 8000 BCE to the present. It outlines major time periods and highlights some of the key developments within each era, including major migrations, the rise of early civilizations, classical empires, religious belief systems, innovations, and imperial expansion up through the modern period. Major topics covered include the Neolithic Revolution, river valley civilizations, classical Greece/Rome/China, the rise of major world religions, Mongol conquests, European feudalism, empires in the Americas/Africa/Asia, the Columbian Exchange, industrialization, world wars, decolonization, and globalization.
The Indus Valley civilization arose along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan around 1900 BC and had large, well-planned cities with advanced sewer systems and indoor plumbing. By 1700 BC, the civilization declined for unknown reasons, possibly due to invasion by Aryans, changing weather patterns, or a combination of factors. Early Chinese civilization began along the Huang He and Yangtze Rivers in dynasties like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou. The concept of the Mandate of Heaven justified changes in ruling dynasties and rebellions based on a ruler's wisdom. Chinese society had a feudal system, social classes, ancestor worship, and advancements like writing, silk, coinage
The document provides an overview of major foundations and developments in early civilizations from 10,000 BCE to 600 CE. It discusses key themes like man's interaction with nature, the rise and fall of empires, and sources of change. It then summarizes the major geographic features and developments of early civilizations in places like China, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. These civilizations established foundations for advanced societies, technologies, religions, and belief systems that spread widely through trade and cultural diffusion networks by 600 CE.
The document provides information on the early Indus River Valley civilization and how geography influenced its development. It describes the location of the Indian subcontinent and key geographic features like the Himalayan mountains and monsoon rains. It discusses the origins of civilization in the Indus River valley around 2500 BC, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro that had advanced urban planning with grid layouts and drainage systems. The civilization traded with others along the Indus and Tigris rivers but eventually declined around 1500 BC as Aryan groups migrated into the region.
The document provides information about several early civilizations and empires in India and China, including the Indus Valley Civilization in India, the Aryan people and caste system, the Maurya and Gupta Empires in India, and the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties in China. It discusses key aspects of these societies such as their religions, writing systems, and important leaders.
This document provides an overview of several ancient Near Eastern empires and civilizations between 2000 BCE and 500 BCE, including:
1) The Kingdom of Kush in Africa traded with Egypt from 2000 BCE. Other early African civilizations included the Yam kingdom.
2) The Hittites ruled Asia Minor from 1500-1200 BCE and were an influential Indo-European empire. Other empires mentioned include the Kassites of Babylon and Mitannians of northern Syria/Mesopotamia.
3) The Assyrians originated in northern Mesopotamia and established a powerful empire from 1000-665 BCE that controlled much of the Near East before being conquered by the Neo-Babyl
This document provides an overview of the ancient civilizations that developed in India and China. It discusses the major cultures, religions, and empires that shaped these regions, including the Indus Valley civilization in India, the Aryans, Buddha, Emperor Ashoka, Hinduism and Buddhism, the Gupta Empire. In China, it covers the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism, and the unification of China under dynasties like the Qin, Han, and Tang. The document contains timelines and outlines highlighting the key people, beliefs, and artistic traditions of ancient India and China.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations in China that developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) beginning around 4000 BC. It discusses the geography of China, including natural barriers like mountains and deserts that protected settlements along the river but also isolated Chinese civilization. The Yellow River was important for developing fertile soil but also caused unpredictable flooding. Early Chinese civilization established systems of writing, government, agriculture, and social hierarchies. Religions like Daoism, Confucianism, and later Buddhism became influential. The Chinese achieved advancements in areas like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and porcelain. Eventually China adopted a policy of isolationism to protect its culture from foreign influence.
The document provides information on two early civilizations in India:
1. The Indus Civilization spanned from 2600-1900 BC with major urban centers at Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. It had advanced systems of governance, trade, science, and sanitation but suddenly declined around 1900 BC for unknown reasons.
2. The Vedic Civilization emerged around 1500 BC as Indo-European peoples migrated to northern India. It was centered around the Ganges river valley and the developing religious texts known as the Vedas. Kingdoms began to form, the most powerful being the Magadha Empire, as this civilization transitioned into classical Hinduism by 500 BC.
The Indus Valley civilization arose along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan around 1900 BC and had large, well-planned cities with advanced sewer systems and indoor plumbing. By 1700 BC, the civilization declined for unknown reasons, possibly due to invasion by Aryans, changing weather patterns, or a combination of factors. Early Chinese civilization began along the Huang He and Yangtze Rivers in dynasties like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou. The concept of the Mandate of Heaven justified changes in ruling dynasties and rebellions based on a ruler's wisdom. Chinese society had a feudal system, social classes, ancestor worship, and advancements like writing, silk, coinage
The document provides an overview of major foundations and developments in early civilizations from 10,000 BCE to 600 CE. It discusses key themes like man's interaction with nature, the rise and fall of empires, and sources of change. It then summarizes the major geographic features and developments of early civilizations in places like China, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. These civilizations established foundations for advanced societies, technologies, religions, and belief systems that spread widely through trade and cultural diffusion networks by 600 CE.
The document provides information on the early Indus River Valley civilization and how geography influenced its development. It describes the location of the Indian subcontinent and key geographic features like the Himalayan mountains and monsoon rains. It discusses the origins of civilization in the Indus River valley around 2500 BC, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro that had advanced urban planning with grid layouts and drainage systems. The civilization traded with others along the Indus and Tigris rivers but eventually declined around 1500 BC as Aryan groups migrated into the region.
The document provides information about several early civilizations and empires in India and China, including the Indus Valley Civilization in India, the Aryan people and caste system, the Maurya and Gupta Empires in India, and the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties in China. It discusses key aspects of these societies such as their religions, writing systems, and important leaders.
This document provides an overview of several ancient Near Eastern empires and civilizations between 2000 BCE and 500 BCE, including:
1) The Kingdom of Kush in Africa traded with Egypt from 2000 BCE. Other early African civilizations included the Yam kingdom.
2) The Hittites ruled Asia Minor from 1500-1200 BCE and were an influential Indo-European empire. Other empires mentioned include the Kassites of Babylon and Mitannians of northern Syria/Mesopotamia.
3) The Assyrians originated in northern Mesopotamia and established a powerful empire from 1000-665 BCE that controlled much of the Near East before being conquered by the Neo-Babyl
This document provides an overview of the ancient civilizations that developed in India and China. It discusses the major cultures, religions, and empires that shaped these regions, including the Indus Valley civilization in India, the Aryans, Buddha, Emperor Ashoka, Hinduism and Buddhism, the Gupta Empire. In China, it covers the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism, and the unification of China under dynasties like the Qin, Han, and Tang. The document contains timelines and outlines highlighting the key people, beliefs, and artistic traditions of ancient India and China.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations in China that developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) beginning around 4000 BC. It discusses the geography of China, including natural barriers like mountains and deserts that protected settlements along the river but also isolated Chinese civilization. The Yellow River was important for developing fertile soil but also caused unpredictable flooding. Early Chinese civilization established systems of writing, government, agriculture, and social hierarchies. Religions like Daoism, Confucianism, and later Buddhism became influential. The Chinese achieved advancements in areas like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and porcelain. Eventually China adopted a policy of isolationism to protect its culture from foreign influence.
The document provides information on two early civilizations in India:
1. The Indus Civilization spanned from 2600-1900 BC with major urban centers at Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. It had advanced systems of governance, trade, science, and sanitation but suddenly declined around 1900 BC for unknown reasons.
2. The Vedic Civilization emerged around 1500 BC as Indo-European peoples migrated to northern India. It was centered around the Ganges river valley and the developing religious texts known as the Vedas. Kingdoms began to form, the most powerful being the Magadha Empire, as this civilization transitioned into classical Hinduism by 500 BC.
The document discusses the Byzantine Empire during the period of 600CE-1450CE. It provides an overview of Byzantine politics, territory, trade, economy, and religion. Specifically, it notes that the Byzantine Empire experienced both continuity from the Roman Empire in its laws and culture, as well as changes like becoming a Christian state and losing territory over time.
Christians are the largest religious minority in Pakistan, estimated at 2-3% of the population. They have a long history in the region dating back to the 1st century AD and the preaching of St. Thomas. British missionaries in the late 18th-19th centuries helped establish Christian communities in major cities. Muhammad Ali Jinnah promised equality for all citizens regardless of religion. Christians have made contributions across sectors in Pakistan and hold government positions including judges, ministers, and military officers. However, their population and rights face ongoing issues.
Features of islamic civilization...by farooq akbar mteSky Scrapper
Islamic civilization had several key features including cities like Mecca which was an important trade center, the religion of Islam with beliefs in Allah and practices like the Five Pillars, social classes like farmers, traders, and bedouins with specialized jobs, and artistic and architectural works including calligraphy, mosques, and palaces. It also had an organized central government led by caliphs, job specialization among groups, writing systems to record their culture, and public works contributions across various fields.
1. The document provides an outline for a lecture on the history of China from its earliest dynasties to its last dynasty, the Qing. It summarizes the major political and cultural developments over thousands of years.
2. Key early dynasties that unified China included the Qin, who first unified the empire in 221 BCE, and the Han, who expanded the empire and established the imperial system that lasted until 1911. The Han era saw major cultural and economic growth through the Silk Road.
3. The Tang and Song dynasties between the 7th-13th centuries CE represented a golden age of cultural, economic, and technological advancement. However, the Mongol invasion in the 13th century established
The document provides a summary of Chinese history from the first empires to the Song dynasty. It discusses the major dynasties including the Qin which first unified China, the Han which expanded the empire, the Tang known as a cultural powerhouse, and the Song known for its commercial dominance. Key events, figures, and developments are highlighted such as the civil service system, spread of Confucianism, and technological and artistic achievements during periods of stability and prosperity.
The Shang civilization was one of the oldest in China, located along the Huang Ho (Yellow River) valley around 5,000 years ago. Some key contributions of the Shang civilization include the development of impressive bronze technology and the earliest form of writing in China through the use of oracle bones, which featured carved symbols that developed into Chinese characters. The Shang civilization was also characterized by a stratified social class system, palatial architecture, and elaborate religious rituals centered around venerating ancestors and spirits.
The document discusses the rise of Dar al-Islam (the House of Islam) between 600-1450 CE. It provides context for its growth, including the Arabian peninsula's location along caravan routes and the influence of monotheism. Politically, the region was initially led by a caliphate centered in the Mediterranean under the Umayyads and later the Abassids centered in Persia. The Seljuk Turks expanded Dar al-Islam's reach geographically. Culturally, the Islamic world advanced sciences, technology, and arts, establishing classical learning, libraries, and educational institutions. Society was organized according to sharia law and the Quran, with a patriarchal social structure influenced
This document provides the agenda for Week 3 which includes discussing issues from Week 2, examining artworks to understand their stories and contexts, a lecture on ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, and a "Who am I?" exercise to have students guess important historical figures. It also maps out the major time periods and developments of ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, including influential people, philosophies, technologies, and artworks that emerged.
This document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2200 BC to the present. It outlines the major dynasties and time periods, including the origins of Chinese civilization, early empires, second empire, birth of modern China, and contemporary China. Key topics covered include the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, the Qin unification, Han expansion, Tang and Song golden age, Yuan and Ming rule, Qing decline, Republican period, and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Ancient China spanned from around 1600 BC to 221 BC, beginning with early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou which established bronze age cultures along the Yellow River. This was followed by the imperial era from 221 BC to 1912 AD, consisting of successive dynasties including the Qin which first unified China, the Han which established China's political and cultural influence, and the Tang and Song which were economic and technological golden ages. China then experienced foreign rule under the Yuan and Qing dynasties before the establishment of modern Communist China in 1949.
During the Yamato Period from 300-710 AD, the Japanese imperial court began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Chinese writing characters, Buddhist sects, art, architecture, and government structure. Prince Shotoku further adopted Chinese cultural influences and created a new government structure through his 17 Article Constitution in 604 AD. The Heian Period from 794-1156 AD saw the growth of large landed estates, flourishing Chinese arts and literature at court, and the development of elaborate court life, literature like The Pillow Book and Tale of Genji, and a gradual move away from Chinese cultural models. The feudal system in Japan was similar to that in Europe, based on loyalty between l
The document provides information on important figures and periods in ancient Indian history. It discusses Chandragupta, who unified northern India in the 4th century BCE and defeated the Persian general Seleucus. It then covers the Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta from 321-185 BCE and important rulers like Asoka who promoted Buddhism. Next, it outlines the Gupta Empire from 320-647 CE, noting its economic prosperity and cultural achievements under rulers like Chandra Gupta II. It concludes with the invasion of the White Huns signaling the decline of the Guptas and the fragmentation of North India into separate kingdoms.
This document provides an overview of ancient Chinese civilization and its earliest dynasties. It describes China's isolation due to geographical features like deserts, mountains, and long rivers. This isolation allowed ancient Chinese civilization to develop with little outside influence. The document outlines the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, noting achievements like the development of writing, advanced bronze-working, and the establishment of a feudal system. It then discusses the first emperor of the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huangdi, who unified China under central rule and standardized laws, currency, and language. Major projects like the Great Wall and the terracotta army in his massive tomb are also summarized.
Ancient civilizations in China, India, and Southeast Asia developed along river valleys where conditions supported agriculture. Key features of civilizations included systems of government, distinct occupations, writing, religion, and scientific/artistic achievements. The Indus civilization declined around 1500 BC possibly due to floods, disease, or invasion while the Shang dynasty in China fell in 1150 BC after the last king was killed during an invasion, beginning China's Warring States period.
African civilizations from 500 BC to 1500 AD were influenced by trade, technology, and religion. Key developments included the spread of Islam through trans-Saharan trade routes connecting North and sub-Saharan Africa. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai grew wealthy from gold and salt trade. The Bantu migrations influenced the spread of Bantu languages in sub-Saharan Africa between 500 BC to 1500 AD. The Kingdom of Zimbabwe rose as a center of wealth and trade in Southeast Africa between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.
This document summarizes key aspects of ancient Chinese civilization across 3 sentences:
The document discusses the long history of Chinese civilization spanning nearly 4,000 years, key dynasties that ruled China, and important developments including the origins of writing in China during the Shang Dynasty, agriculture along the Yellow River valley fueling growth, and the Chinese calendar being lunisolar.
Ancient China developed major civilizations along river valleys like the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Geographic isolation led the Chinese to believe they were the center of the world. Early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou established social hierarchies and developed writing. The Qin dynasty unified China and built infrastructure like the Great Wall. Subsequent dynasties like the Han expanded the empire and implemented civil service exams. The Tang and Song dynasties represented a cultural golden age with advances in technology, art, and education. China's empires were later conquered by Mongol invaders.
The ancient Chinese civilization has a history spanning nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Shang dynasty invented writing, while the Qin dynasty unified laws and built projects like the Great Wall. The long-lasting Han dynasty explored other regions, established the Silk Road for trade, and instituted merit-based government appointments. Chinese philosophy included Confucianism which emphasized social order, Daoism focusing on nature, and Buddhism teaching the path to non-existence through nirvana.
Chinese civilization began over 4,000 years ago and is recognized as one of the four great ancient civilizations of the world. China has a long history and large territory, with the Yellow River and Yangtze River being the major rivers. Ancient Chinese society was stratified, with the king and his family at the top, followed by scholars, farmers, craftsmen, merchants, and servants. Religions including Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism influenced Chinese culture. The Great Wall was built starting over 2,000 years ago to protect northern borders. Traditional Chinese architecture included pavilions, terraces, and storeyed buildings, as well as Taoist and Buddhist temples. Chinese culture is evidenced by
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Chinese history, including important dynasties like the Qin, Han, Tang, and Song. It discusses the Chinese social hierarchy, family structures, the teachings of Confucius, geography, economy, trade routes like the Silk Road, important inventions and technologies, the writing system, architecture, and daily life. The dynasties established centralized governments and brought periods of stability and prosperity to China, while the teachings of Confucius emphasized family and social harmony.
This document provides an overview of human history from 2.5 million BCE to 500 BCE. It describes how early humans lived in small hunter-gatherer bands and were mostly nomadic, though some permanent settlements emerged. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man inhabited caves and left behind cave paintings. From 8000-3000 BCE, permanent agricultural settlements developed along with technologies like farming and pottery-making. Some of the earliest cities like Catal Huyuk and Jericho emerged during this period. The document then focuses on the major early civilizations that arose, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, outlining their key geographic features, beliefs, achievements and influences.
The document provides an overview of major foundations and developments in early civilizations from 10,000 BCE to 600 CE. It discusses key themes like man's interaction with nature, the rise and fall of empires, and sources of change. It then summarizes the major geographic features and developments of early civilizations in places like China, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It also covers the major belief systems that emerged like Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The document discusses the Byzantine Empire during the period of 600CE-1450CE. It provides an overview of Byzantine politics, territory, trade, economy, and religion. Specifically, it notes that the Byzantine Empire experienced both continuity from the Roman Empire in its laws and culture, as well as changes like becoming a Christian state and losing territory over time.
Christians are the largest religious minority in Pakistan, estimated at 2-3% of the population. They have a long history in the region dating back to the 1st century AD and the preaching of St. Thomas. British missionaries in the late 18th-19th centuries helped establish Christian communities in major cities. Muhammad Ali Jinnah promised equality for all citizens regardless of religion. Christians have made contributions across sectors in Pakistan and hold government positions including judges, ministers, and military officers. However, their population and rights face ongoing issues.
Features of islamic civilization...by farooq akbar mteSky Scrapper
Islamic civilization had several key features including cities like Mecca which was an important trade center, the religion of Islam with beliefs in Allah and practices like the Five Pillars, social classes like farmers, traders, and bedouins with specialized jobs, and artistic and architectural works including calligraphy, mosques, and palaces. It also had an organized central government led by caliphs, job specialization among groups, writing systems to record their culture, and public works contributions across various fields.
1. The document provides an outline for a lecture on the history of China from its earliest dynasties to its last dynasty, the Qing. It summarizes the major political and cultural developments over thousands of years.
2. Key early dynasties that unified China included the Qin, who first unified the empire in 221 BCE, and the Han, who expanded the empire and established the imperial system that lasted until 1911. The Han era saw major cultural and economic growth through the Silk Road.
3. The Tang and Song dynasties between the 7th-13th centuries CE represented a golden age of cultural, economic, and technological advancement. However, the Mongol invasion in the 13th century established
The document provides a summary of Chinese history from the first empires to the Song dynasty. It discusses the major dynasties including the Qin which first unified China, the Han which expanded the empire, the Tang known as a cultural powerhouse, and the Song known for its commercial dominance. Key events, figures, and developments are highlighted such as the civil service system, spread of Confucianism, and technological and artistic achievements during periods of stability and prosperity.
The Shang civilization was one of the oldest in China, located along the Huang Ho (Yellow River) valley around 5,000 years ago. Some key contributions of the Shang civilization include the development of impressive bronze technology and the earliest form of writing in China through the use of oracle bones, which featured carved symbols that developed into Chinese characters. The Shang civilization was also characterized by a stratified social class system, palatial architecture, and elaborate religious rituals centered around venerating ancestors and spirits.
The document discusses the rise of Dar al-Islam (the House of Islam) between 600-1450 CE. It provides context for its growth, including the Arabian peninsula's location along caravan routes and the influence of monotheism. Politically, the region was initially led by a caliphate centered in the Mediterranean under the Umayyads and later the Abassids centered in Persia. The Seljuk Turks expanded Dar al-Islam's reach geographically. Culturally, the Islamic world advanced sciences, technology, and arts, establishing classical learning, libraries, and educational institutions. Society was organized according to sharia law and the Quran, with a patriarchal social structure influenced
This document provides the agenda for Week 3 which includes discussing issues from Week 2, examining artworks to understand their stories and contexts, a lecture on ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, and a "Who am I?" exercise to have students guess important historical figures. It also maps out the major time periods and developments of ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, including influential people, philosophies, technologies, and artworks that emerged.
This document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2200 BC to the present. It outlines the major dynasties and time periods, including the origins of Chinese civilization, early empires, second empire, birth of modern China, and contemporary China. Key topics covered include the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, the Qin unification, Han expansion, Tang and Song golden age, Yuan and Ming rule, Qing decline, Republican period, and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Ancient China spanned from around 1600 BC to 221 BC, beginning with early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou which established bronze age cultures along the Yellow River. This was followed by the imperial era from 221 BC to 1912 AD, consisting of successive dynasties including the Qin which first unified China, the Han which established China's political and cultural influence, and the Tang and Song which were economic and technological golden ages. China then experienced foreign rule under the Yuan and Qing dynasties before the establishment of modern Communist China in 1949.
During the Yamato Period from 300-710 AD, the Japanese imperial court began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Chinese writing characters, Buddhist sects, art, architecture, and government structure. Prince Shotoku further adopted Chinese cultural influences and created a new government structure through his 17 Article Constitution in 604 AD. The Heian Period from 794-1156 AD saw the growth of large landed estates, flourishing Chinese arts and literature at court, and the development of elaborate court life, literature like The Pillow Book and Tale of Genji, and a gradual move away from Chinese cultural models. The feudal system in Japan was similar to that in Europe, based on loyalty between l
The document provides information on important figures and periods in ancient Indian history. It discusses Chandragupta, who unified northern India in the 4th century BCE and defeated the Persian general Seleucus. It then covers the Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta from 321-185 BCE and important rulers like Asoka who promoted Buddhism. Next, it outlines the Gupta Empire from 320-647 CE, noting its economic prosperity and cultural achievements under rulers like Chandra Gupta II. It concludes with the invasion of the White Huns signaling the decline of the Guptas and the fragmentation of North India into separate kingdoms.
This document provides an overview of ancient Chinese civilization and its earliest dynasties. It describes China's isolation due to geographical features like deserts, mountains, and long rivers. This isolation allowed ancient Chinese civilization to develop with little outside influence. The document outlines the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, noting achievements like the development of writing, advanced bronze-working, and the establishment of a feudal system. It then discusses the first emperor of the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huangdi, who unified China under central rule and standardized laws, currency, and language. Major projects like the Great Wall and the terracotta army in his massive tomb are also summarized.
Ancient civilizations in China, India, and Southeast Asia developed along river valleys where conditions supported agriculture. Key features of civilizations included systems of government, distinct occupations, writing, religion, and scientific/artistic achievements. The Indus civilization declined around 1500 BC possibly due to floods, disease, or invasion while the Shang dynasty in China fell in 1150 BC after the last king was killed during an invasion, beginning China's Warring States period.
African civilizations from 500 BC to 1500 AD were influenced by trade, technology, and religion. Key developments included the spread of Islam through trans-Saharan trade routes connecting North and sub-Saharan Africa. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai grew wealthy from gold and salt trade. The Bantu migrations influenced the spread of Bantu languages in sub-Saharan Africa between 500 BC to 1500 AD. The Kingdom of Zimbabwe rose as a center of wealth and trade in Southeast Africa between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.
This document summarizes key aspects of ancient Chinese civilization across 3 sentences:
The document discusses the long history of Chinese civilization spanning nearly 4,000 years, key dynasties that ruled China, and important developments including the origins of writing in China during the Shang Dynasty, agriculture along the Yellow River valley fueling growth, and the Chinese calendar being lunisolar.
Ancient China developed major civilizations along river valleys like the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Geographic isolation led the Chinese to believe they were the center of the world. Early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou established social hierarchies and developed writing. The Qin dynasty unified China and built infrastructure like the Great Wall. Subsequent dynasties like the Han expanded the empire and implemented civil service exams. The Tang and Song dynasties represented a cultural golden age with advances in technology, art, and education. China's empires were later conquered by Mongol invaders.
The ancient Chinese civilization has a history spanning nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Shang dynasty invented writing, while the Qin dynasty unified laws and built projects like the Great Wall. The long-lasting Han dynasty explored other regions, established the Silk Road for trade, and instituted merit-based government appointments. Chinese philosophy included Confucianism which emphasized social order, Daoism focusing on nature, and Buddhism teaching the path to non-existence through nirvana.
Chinese civilization began over 4,000 years ago and is recognized as one of the four great ancient civilizations of the world. China has a long history and large territory, with the Yellow River and Yangtze River being the major rivers. Ancient Chinese society was stratified, with the king and his family at the top, followed by scholars, farmers, craftsmen, merchants, and servants. Religions including Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism influenced Chinese culture. The Great Wall was built starting over 2,000 years ago to protect northern borders. Traditional Chinese architecture included pavilions, terraces, and storeyed buildings, as well as Taoist and Buddhist temples. Chinese culture is evidenced by
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Chinese history, including important dynasties like the Qin, Han, Tang, and Song. It discusses the Chinese social hierarchy, family structures, the teachings of Confucius, geography, economy, trade routes like the Silk Road, important inventions and technologies, the writing system, architecture, and daily life. The dynasties established centralized governments and brought periods of stability and prosperity to China, while the teachings of Confucius emphasized family and social harmony.
This document provides an overview of human history from 2.5 million BCE to 500 BCE. It describes how early humans lived in small hunter-gatherer bands and were mostly nomadic, though some permanent settlements emerged. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man inhabited caves and left behind cave paintings. From 8000-3000 BCE, permanent agricultural settlements developed along with technologies like farming and pottery-making. Some of the earliest cities like Catal Huyuk and Jericho emerged during this period. The document then focuses on the major early civilizations that arose, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, outlining their key geographic features, beliefs, achievements and influences.
The document provides an overview of major foundations and developments in early civilizations from 10,000 BCE to 600 CE. It discusses key themes like man's interaction with nature, the rise and fall of empires, and sources of change. It then summarizes the major geographic features and developments of early civilizations in places like China, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It also covers the major belief systems that emerged like Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The document provides an overview of several ancient civilizations that arose along major river valleys between approximately 3500 BC and 640 AD. It discusses the Mesopotamian civilizations of Sumer, Akkadia, Babylonia, and Assyria located along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It also summarizes the Egyptian civilization in the Nile River valley, the Indus River valley civilization in India, and the civilizations that arose in Central and South America including the Incas, Aztecs, and Mayans. Additionally, it briefly outlines the dynastic history of ancient China and the Phoenician city-states.
The document discusses several classical civilizations and their declines, including the fall of the Han Dynasty in China due to disease, nomadic invaders, and a corrupt government; the fall of the Gupta Empire in India which was less disruptive due to the persistence of Hinduism and the caste system; and the fall of the Western Roman Empire due to military and economic issues which led to its division and invasion by Germanic tribes. It also briefly outlines other classical societies such as ancient Mesoamerica, Africa, Japan, and Polynesia.
The document provides an agenda for Week 11 that includes:
1) Having project groups pick a topic for comparison by January 18th, 2010.
2) Homework on creating a table from 1900 to present and discussing if they have a learning curve.
3) Preparing for a Middle Ages exam on January 25th, 2010.
AP World History - Review of All Key ConceptsFiveable
A complete review through all six time periods including AP World Period 1 (Foundations up to 600 BCE), AP World Period 2 (Classical Era from 600 BCE to 600 CE), AP World Period 3 (Post-Classical Era from 600 CE to 1450 CE), AP World Period 4 (Early Modern Era from 1450 CE to 1750 CE), AP World Period 5 (Modern Era from 1750 to 1900), and AP World Period 6 (Contemporary Era from 1900 to the present).
The document provides an overview of major themes and events in world history, focusing on classical civilizations, their golden ages and declines, as well as the spread of religion and trade networks. It discusses the rise and impacts of nomadic peoples like the Huns and Mongols as outside threats to sedentary civilizations. Key areas covered include Western Europe, the Middle East, India, China, Africa, Russia, Japan, and the Mongol Empire.
During the period from 600-1450 CE:
1. Long-distance trade expanded greatly via routes like the Silk Road, increasing interactions and cultural spread.
2. The Pax Mongolia under Genghis Khan's vast empire brought a period of peace and heightened trade.
3. Major political changes included the fall of classical empires and rise of decentralized states, as well as invasions and migrations that altered world regions.
The Byzantine Empire lasted from 330-1453 CE with its capital of Constantinople, founded by Constantine in 330 CE. Under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest extent but then lost territory to invaders. The Byzantine Empire preserved Greek and Roman culture and spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity and the Cyrillic alphabet to eastern Europe through missionaries like Cyril and Methodius.
The document summarizes key aspects of early Chinese history from the Shang Dynasty to later dynasties like Tang and Song. It discusses major rivers in China, factors that led to China's isolation, achievements under the Shang including writing and metal casting, the development of feudalism and philosophies under the Zhou and Warring States periods, the unification of China under Qin Shi Huangdi, and the golden age under the Han who expanded the empire and established the Silk Road for trade.
This document provides an overview of human evolution and prehistoric periods from early hominids to ancient civilizations. It describes key early humans like Lucy, Homo erectus, and Neanderthals. It outlines the Paleolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods defined by tool materials (stone, polished stone, copper/bronze). It details the Indus Valley Civilization as an example of the Chalcolithic period, describing its large cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Finally, it characterizes the Ancient, Medieval and Modern periods of civilization in terms of political structures, religions, arts, sciences and technologies.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in global history and social sciences, including:
1) Geography studies location, place, inhabitants, and human adaptation. Rivers provided water and fertile soil, enabling early civilizations.
2) Early civilizations developed near rivers due to resources and barriers protecting from invasion. Mountains and deserts also isolated groups.
3) History studies past events, especially related to humans. Primary sources directly observed events, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
4) Economics addresses producing and distributing limited resources to meet unlimited wants. Early systems included traditional, capitalism, socialism, and mercantilism.
This document provides an overview of several early civilizations that emerged in Mesopotamia between 3000 BC and 100 BC, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, Phoenicians, Lydians, and Hebrews/Jews. It describes their origins, locations, cultures, religions, innovations, and important leaders. Key developments discussed include the Sumerians inventing cuneiform writing and innovations like the plow, wheel, and ziggurat temples. The document also outlines the Babylonian code of Hammurabi, Assyrian and Persian empires, Phoenician trade routes, and foundations of Judaism under Moses and the Torah
The document provides an overview of several global civilizations and time periods to review for a final exam, including West African Kingdoms, Tang/Song China, Mesoamerica, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, the Ottoman Empire, cultural isolation and diffusion in Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages, the Mongols, European feudalism and the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Reformation, Japanese feudalism, and the impact of the printing press. It summarizes key geographical features, accomplishments, economic and political systems, religious influences, and cultural impacts for each topic.
The document summarizes the history of several early civilizations in Central and South Asia from 2500 BCE to 1368 CE in three parts:
1) It describes the Indus Valley civilizations and the Vedic civilization of the Indo-Aryans, including their social hierarchies and development of Hinduism and the caste system.
2) It outlines the rise and spread of Buddhism under Siddhartha Gautama and the expansion of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires across North India.
3) It discusses the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan and its successor khanates, including the Yuan Dynasty's conquest and rule over China
The document discusses networks of interaction and exchange between 300 BCE and 1100 CE, including the Silk Road trade network. It summarizes three phases of the Silk Road due to secure politics between 100 BCE-200 CE, the 7th-11th centuries, and 13th-14th centuries. It also discusses the Indian Ocean trade network and Trans-Saharan trade routes, as well as the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road and visual representations of the Buddha in places like Bamiyan, Afghanistan and Leshan, China.
This document provides an overview of world history from 8000 BCE to 600 CE. It outlines the major periods, including the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and the rise of early civilizations. Eight key elements that define civilizations are identified, including writing systems, organized belief systems, cities, and specialized jobs. Major early civilizations discussed include those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, and the Mediterranean. The document also summarizes major belief systems such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Judaism that emerged during this time period.
Chinese history spans over 50,000 years, with key themes being China's identity as land, time, and people. Major dynasties that ruled China include the Shang Dynasty which established early Chinese writing and the Zhou Dynasty which saw the rise of Confucianism. The Qin Dynasty first unified China under centralized rule, while the Han Dynasty expanded China's territory and influenced many. Subsequent dynasties such as the Tang and Song saw periods of cultural and economic prosperity, though China also experienced foreign rule under the Mongols and Manchus. In modern times, China transitioned to a republic and communist government under the leadership of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.
The document discusses many topics related to globalization and modern world history from the 20th century onward, including:
1) The rise of nationalism and independence movements in former colonies.
2) The establishment of different forms of republican governments around the world and questions around who truly holds power.
3) Processes of decolonization, political and social change, and the varying degrees to which change was violent or non-violent.
4) Key global events, organizations, and trends that increased global interconnectedness such as world wars, the UN, global economic crises, and spread of global consumer culture.
The document provides an overview of major ideological and nationalist movements in the 20th century, including the Russian and Chinese Revolutions, fascism in Europe, and World War II. It discusses the rise of communism in Russia under Lenin and Stalin and the establishment of the Soviet Union. It also covers the rise of fascist regimes in Italy under Mussolini and Germany under Hitler, including their expansionist policies and WWII. The summary briefly touches on WWII in both Europe and the Pacific, as well as the development and use of the atomic bomb against Japan.
The document outlines several key causes of World War 1, including the rise of authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan who were dissatisfied with the outcome of World War 1. It also discusses the Versailles Treaty, which imposed harsh terms on Germany, further fueling German resentment. Additionally, the League of Nations proved too weak to enforce its decisions and prevent aggression by countries like Japan and Italy in the 1930s. All of these factors created tensions that led to the outbreak of World War 2.
The document discusses the periodization of history from 1914 to the present. It argues that World War I marked both continuity and change. There was continuity in terms of population growth, scientific and industrial revolutions, and globalization. However, there was also significant change, including the mobilization of entire populations for war, unprecedented destruction, and the creation of over 200 new nation states from the collapse of old empires like Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. The document also examines some of the specific causes of World War I like nationalism, militarism, and a system of rigid alliances and war plans that pulled the major powers into war based on defense obligations when the assassination in Sarajevo set off a chain reaction.
World War 1 was caused by rising tensions in Europe due to competition over colonies. The war involved two main fronts - the Eastern Front against Russia and the Western Front through France. It was a bloody war of attrition characterized by trench warfare and new military technologies. The US entered the war on the side of the Allies in 1917. The resulting Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, including war guilt and large reparations payments. This contributed to the rise of the stab-in-the-back myth in Germany and set the stage for future conflicts.
This document discusses the concept of "total war" and world wars in the 20th century. It makes three key points:
1. Total war involves the complete mobilization of a nation's resources for war, including total participation from civilians and converting industries to support the war effort. This results in more casualties and makes civilians legitimate targets.
2. Advances in technology in the 20th century, like machine guns, tanks, airplanes, and later nuclear weapons, increased destruction and the potential for total war.
3. Total war involves mass propaganda and hatred of the enemy, with no distinction between combatants and civilians. Whole populations become involved with no time off, resulting in immense human costs and loss
Chinese revolution 20th c- pareja 2012Janet Pareja
The Chinese Revolution began with the May 4th Movement in 1919 and established nationalism in China. Sun Yat-sen led the nationalist Kuomintang party and allied with the Chinese Communist Party to unite China against warlords. Chiang Kai-shek took control of the KMT and unified China through military force but then ordered a massacre of Communist Party members. The Long March from 1934-1935 saw the Communist Party flee to the countryside to escape the KMT, establishing Mao Zedong as their leader. World War 2 saw a brief alliance against Japan but then the Chinese Civil War resumed until 1949 when Mao declared the People's Republic of China, establishing communist rule. Mao instituted social, political and economic
The Czar was forced to abdicate in spring 1917 due to social unrest stemming from World War I and his inept leadership. This led to the establishment of a provisional government and the February Revolution. However, the provisional government faced opposition from workers' assemblies like the Petrograd Soviet. In October 1917, Lenin and the Bolshevik party seized power in the October Revolution, establishing the Soviet government and signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to withdraw from WWI. This sparked a civil war between the Reds and Whites that the Bolsheviks eventually won, establishing the USSR under Lenin and later Stalin.
1. The document discusses the modernization challenges faced by traditional empires like the Ottoman Empire, Qing Dynasty, Tokugawa Shogunate, and Russian Empire when encountering Western imperialist powers in the 19th century.
2. These traditional empires struggled due to conservative leadership, weak militaries, lack of industrialization, and unwillingness to adopt Western political and economic reforms. They suffered major military defeats that exposed how far behind they had fallen.
3. People rebelled against rulers who could not solve crises, insisted on unwinnable wars, and disregarded citizens' lives. Modernization attempts were often only defensive and at the rulers' discretion, refusing to cede power.
Imperialism china, japan 1750 1914 - 2014 updatedJanet Pareja
1) Nationalism and imperialism grew in China and Japan between 1815-1915 as they responded to Western influence. China was humiliated by the Opium Wars and unequal treaties while Japan modernized under the Meiji Restoration.
2) Two uprisings in China, the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions, sought to drive out foreigners and overthrow the declining Qing dynasty but failed. The last emperor abdicated in 1911 and Sun Yat-sen established the Republic of China.
3) Japan transformed into an imperial power through military victories over China and Russia, allowing its annexation of Korea and control of Manchuria. By 1914 both nations had ended isolation but China remained not
The industrial revolution led to massive social and economic changes across Europe and North America. New machines and technologies transformed agriculture and manufacturing, leading many farmers to migrate to cities in search of work. This urbanization increased the population of cities dramatically and created new social classes. While some prospered, many workers faced difficult conditions including long hours, low pay, child labor, and unsafe environments. Reformers pushed for changes to protect workers and regulate the excesses of industry.
The document provides background information on the American and French Revolutions that occurred in the late 18th century. It discusses key dates and impacts, including the establishment of new forms of government based on Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. The summary focuses on key events in France, including financial troubles that led King Louis XVI to call the Estates General in 1789, the storming of the Bastille, the formation of the National Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy that gradually gave way to more radical phases of the revolution under the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
This document provides an overview of major developments in Europe between 1450-1750, including the Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, rise of absolute monarchy and new economic systems. It discusses changes in religion, politics, society, culture, science and philosophy that transformed Europe during this period. Key events and thinkers such as Martin Luther, Galileo, Descartes, Locke, Adam Smith and others are summarized along with the impact of their ideas.
The Mughal Empire ruled most of northern India for about 300 years beginning in the early 16th century. The empire was founded by Babur, who was descended from both Genghis Khan and Timur. It reached its peak under Akbar, who centralized administration, promoted religious tolerance, and overhauled the tax and land systems. The empire declined in the late 17th and early 18th centuries due to religious unrest, overexpansion, and the growing influence of European trading companies in India.
The document summarizes China under the Ming and Qing dynasties from 1450 to 1750. It describes how the Ming dynasty rebuilt and strengthened China after the Mongol rule ended. The Ming explored trade opportunities through Zheng He's voyages but later chose security over further expansion. The Qing dynasty conquered China in 1644 and ruled as Manchu outsiders until 1912. The Qing expanded China's territory but faced pressure from European powers seeking trade. China maintained a policy of cultural insularity and restricted European influence.
1. Russia developed a strong sense of identity separate from Europe due to 250 years of Mongol rule which isolated it, as well as its Orthodox Christian religion.
2. Under Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible, Russia expanded rapidly through conquest and centralized political power under an autocratic czar.
3. Peter the Great modernized Russia through selective adoption of Western cultural and institutional models like a standing army but maintained an autocratic monarchy and serfdom.
The document summarizes several Islamic empires between 1450-1750, including the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. It focuses on key details about the Ottoman Empire, including the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the rule and expansion under Suleiman the Magnificent from 1520-1566, and the devshirme system of taking Christian boys for military and administrative service. It also provides brief overviews of the Safavid Empire's establishment of Shi'a Islam in Iran and its conflicts with the neighboring Sunni Ottoman Empire, as well as key rulers like Shah Abbas who modernized Persia in the late 16th-early 17th century. The decline of the Safav
This document provides an overview of major events and developments in Europe, Africa, and the Americas between 1450 and 1750. It discusses the age of exploration led by Portugal and Spain in the 15th-16th centuries, including Prince Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama's voyage to India, and Columbus' voyage to the Americas in 1492. It then covers the establishment of colonies in the Americas by Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands. The document also summarizes the introduction and impacts of slavery, the rise of the sugar and silver economies, and the development of the mercantilist economic system between 1450-1750.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Apwh periodization 2013
1. •8000 BCE- 600 BCE
Migration
Gatherer-Hunters, Pastoral migrants
Early Agricultural Societies
River Valley Civs / 1st Wave Civs
Judaism, Vedic Hinduism
Pottery, Irrigation, Wheel, Metallurgy
600 BCE – 600 CE - Classical Civilizations
Zoroastrianism
Buddhism
Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
Christianity
INNOVATION: Gov’t, Art & Arch, etc.
600 CE – 1450 CE
Early societies in the Americas
Rebuilding societies
Rise of Islam
Mongols
Rise of Empires
1450 – 1750
Columbian Exchange
Rise of Europe
Islamic Empires
Isolation in China
Isolation in Japan
Russia Wakes Up
Exploitation in Africa &
Latin America
1750 – 1900
Revolution & Nationalism
Industrial Revolution
Imperialism
India, Scramble for Africa, SE Asia…
European Moment
Meijii Restoration
Atlantic Slavery/Serfs
J-ROC similarities
1900 – Present
Total War: WWI, WWII
Age of Anxiety
Mandates, Ataturk, Zionism, Israel
Decolonization
Cold War
American Moment
Globalism
Fundamentalism
The Digital Age
2. MultipleChoiceQuestionsEssays
Re-phrase the question, and possible answers- does it make
more sense now?
Rule out obviously wrong answers.
Does your proposed answer reflect a BIG IDEA? Buzz word?
Are there other exam questions that might give you a clue?
If you just do not know, leave it blank and come back… You
must answer at least 50 questions.
If you can reduce your options to TWO, statistically it is a good
idea to guess.
Usually your first inclination is the best.
Thesis answers the whole question directly.
Support your thesis – Rule of Three!
› Comp- Direct Comparison structure
› DBQ- group docs to prove your points, 2+POV, Missing Voice
› CCOT- World Historical Context; Beginning, end, what
changed & what stayed the same?
WHY, WHY, WHY?? Analyze everything you say,
especially in the thesis if possible: “because, since,
therefore, so…”
Hit it and get out – Be CONCISE!
3. Political – government, leaders, laws
Economics – type of economy, major
products, trade partners
Religion – belief system or philosophy
Social – Hierarchy & women’s role
Intellectual – writing, literature, philosophy
Art, Architecture
Relationships with others – long distance trade?
Conquest?
Technology – new ones/ where did they get?
4. Subject
Occasion
› year &
› what was going on at the time that could
influence the issue?
Audience
PURPOSE
Speaker – reliable? In a position to know?
› POV – WHY does he say what he says?
Tone
How to analyze a
primary or secondary
source document
5.
6. North America, Central, South – Western Hemisphere
Old World = AfroEurAsia
New World = Austrialia, Polynesia, North /Central (meso america)/ South
America & Caribbean.
South Asia – India
East Asia – China, Korea, Japan
Southeast Asia – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar…
North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Swahili coast, Horn of Africa
Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea, Huang He,
Yangtze, Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Indus River, Ganges River, Misssissippi
River, Amazon River, Yucatan Peninsula, Andes Mountains, Himalaya
Mountains, Sahara Desert, Gobi Desert, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean.
Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Iberian Peninsula,
Al-Andalus, Dar-al-Islam, Mecca, Medina, Arabian Peninsula. Ceylon,
Madagascar, Japan, England. Australia.
7.
8. Out of Africa Theory
› Omnivores, Scavengers
› Gatherers & Hunters
Indo - Aryan Migrations
› Pastoral Nomads – Herders
Bantu Migrations
› Bananas, Iron metallurgy
› 2000 BCE to 1500 CE
Video: Journey of Man
Later:
-Diaspora of the Jews – 70 CE
-African Diaspora – slavery
-Atlantic Migration Waves
-North – South Migration of 20th C
-India – Pakistan Migration
-Refugees from war-torn areas –
ie: Darfur in 21st Century Africa
10. Mesopotamia
› Code of Hammurabi, city states
Egypt
› Hatsepsut
China
› Shang; Zhou- Mandate of Heaven
Harappa/
Mohenjo Daro, Aryans
Video: First
Emperor of China
P: Centralized Rule
E: Ag Economy on River; trade the surplus
Specialization artisans
R: Belief Systems
S: Strict Patriarchal ; Strict Social Hierarchy
I: Monumental Architecture
A: Writing? All four!
R: Some trade interaction
T: Ag tech: Irrigation, metalworking, pottery
11. Persia – roads, Persepolis
India
› Ashoka Maurya
› Rock & Pillar Edicts, Roads, Inns
› Buddhism
Greece
› Pericles, Polis, Citizenship
› Democracy, slavery
› Aristotle, Plato, Socrates
› Alexander, Hellenism
Rome – Fell 476 CE
› Caesar Augustus
› Plebeians, Patricians, Pater familias
› Twelve Tables, Republic, Empire
› Pax Romana, Manumission
› Aqueduct, Colliseums, Roads
China- Fell 220 CE
› Qin, Han
Olmec Maya
Videos: Asoka,
Roman Empire in the
First Century,
Classical Maya
Archaeology.
12. Vast area & population
Empire –Conquest, Expansion, Centralized
Government
CITIES
Innovative government structure
Innovations in Philosophy/Religion
Diversified economy with long distance trade
Increased complexity of organization, ties
Standardization: written language, law codes,
measurement, coinage
“Flowering” of art, architecture, intellectual
Pace of change accelerates
Stable - enduring
Legacy
13. Overspent on military
conquest, administration,
infrastructure
Leadership weak
Overextended
administration cannot
handle huge empire
Citizens cease to care
Conquest from outside,
mostly nomadic groups
14. Hinduism
› Vedic, Devotional
› Brahman
› Ramayana, Mahabharata
(Bhavagad Gita), Upanishads
› Caste System – Varnas –
Untouchables / Harijan
› Dharma
› Ahimsa
Daoism
› Wuwei
› Withdraw as you cannot make
a difference, anyway
Zoroastrianism
› Ahura Mazda, Angra Maynu;
outside; fire
› Zoroaster, Magi
Confucianism
› Filial Piety
› Relationships
› Healthy family, healthy
society
› Duty, education
› Ancestor veneration
› Superior Man (Junzi)
› Scholar Bureaucrats, Shi
Legalism
› Obedience, strong
leadership, no excuses!
Jainism
› Asceticism
› Ahimsa
15. Buddhism
› Nirvana, meditation
› Four Noble Truths, Noble
Eightfold Path
› Dharma, Ahimsa
› Cause of all suffering is…
› Theravada
Philosophy
Lesser Vehicle – Hinayana
› Mahayana
Boddhisatvas
Buddha as Divine
Holy donations
Merchants brought on Silk
Road to China, Japan
Christianity
› Christ – “anointed one”
› Manichaean, Nestorian
› St. Paul
missionary to the gentiles
Roman citizen during Pax
Romana – safe travel
19. Muhammad - revelation
Dar-al-Islam
5 Pillars
› Shahada - Proclaim
› Pray 5x day facing…
› Zakat – Alms directly…
› Fast during Ramadan
› Go on Hajj if …
Sharia
Sunni, Shia, Sufi
Caliph
Umma, Hijra
Qadi, Ulama, Imam
Al-Andaluz
Koran / Qu’ran
People of the Book
Mecca, Medina
Abbasid Caliphate
› Baghdad
Umayyad Caliphate
› Damascus
Dome of the Rock
Video: Inside Islam
20. Age Grades
Griots
Kin Based
Strong women
Ghana
› Arrival of Islam:
Trade, Religion,
Arabic, reading
› Gold, Ivory,
Slaves
Mali
› Sundiata, Lion King
of Mali
› Mansa Musa
› Gold, Ivory, Slaves
› Timbuktu – center of
trade & learning
› Islam
Djenne
21. Swahili = Bantu
languages + Arabic
Indian Ocean Basin
trade
Dhows
Monsoons
Video: Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,
Wonders of Africa: Swahili
Coast
23. Mahmud of Ghazni – Religious
warrior
Delhi Sultanate – 1206-1526
Islamic but not Ghazi
Chola & Vijayanagar Hindu
kingdoms - South
Devotional Hinduism
› Vishnu & Shiva
› Shankara - reason
Ramanuja – devotion
Angkor Wat – Hinduism,
Buddhism, legitimize
Cambodian rule of Khmer
Bhakti Movement – Guru Kabir
– Vishnu, Shiva, Allah are all
one
Temple Society
Emporia
› Monsoons
› Location, location, location
Caste provided guidance in
absence of centralized
authority
› Jati
Video: Angkor Wat & 21st century archeology techniques , Syncretism
24. Return to Empire:
› Sui, Tang, Song…Ming
Sui similar to Qin –
› Built Grand Canal
› Tough, brief, set the stage for…
Tang
› Expansion!
› Tributary Relationship, Kowtow
Vietnamese & Korean reactions t
› Junk
› Equal Field System
› Bureaucracy of Merit
› FOOTBINDING
› Champa – Fast-ripening rice
Neo-Confucianism
› Reaction to Buddhism
› More metaphysical
Ming
› Zheng He, Treasure Ships
Poetry – Li Po
› Nature, liquor, Daoism, travel,
imagery
Buddhism arrives
› Foreign
› Selfish
› Land use
› No ancestor worship
› Rulers against it, merchants for it
25. Chengghis Khan – 1230’s
› United clans
› CONQUEST
› Fast, surprise attack
Great Khan, Chagtai, Golden Horde,
Ilkhanate
PAX MONGOLICA
› Safe trade connected
east with west
Kublai Khan – 1271 = YUAN DYNASTY
› Xanadu
› Khanbaliq
› Marco Polo
Timur the Lame – Tamerlane
› Samarkand, destruction
SPREAD of PLAGUE Videos: Millenium series- three on Mongols
27. Ancient – Shintoism,
Kami
Emperor – reigned, but
did not rule (until mid
19th c.)
Sei Shonagon
› Pillow Book
Lady Mirasaki
› Tale of Genji – first novel
Confucianism, Buddhism,
Shintoism
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
Bushido – way of the
warrior
Seppuku
Accepted Chinese
writing, Confucian ideas,
but NOT Civil Service
Exams
Video: Millenium series on Pillowbook; Japan, Memoirs of a Secret Empire
28. Charlemagne
› Missi Dominici
› Christianity & Pope
Church – only unifying
force in Europe
Monasticism
Manorialism
› “Reciprocal Lord
Retainer Relationship”
› Serf
Chivalry, Minstrels, Place
of women - Eleanor
Champagne Fairs,
Hanseatic League
(Hansa)
Gothic Cathedrals
Competition between
N. Italian City States
Urbanization!
Crusades! Vikings!
Video: Millenium Series on Cathedrals, Competition, Renaissance
29. Early Period: 2000 BCE- 250
CE
› Replaced Olmec rubber
people), who invented the
Calendar
› Hieroglyphs
› Bloodletting
› The Ball Game
› Popol Vuh
› Man made of corn & water
› Astronomy
Classical Period:
250 – 900 CE
Mesoamerica
Chichen Itza, Palenque, Tikal
Video: Archeological Discoveries – Classical Maya
30. Aztec
› Warrior Culture
› Religion
Calendar, Sacrifice,
Pyramids
Writing in glyphs
› Spoke Nahuatl
› Tenochtitlan
› Monteczuma
› Agriculture
Chinampas
› Trade
Inca
› Recovering from Civil
War - Atahualpa
› Mita System
› Hostage System
› Spoke Quechua –
No writing - Quipu
› Religion
NO sacrifice,
Strongholds, Mummy
bundles, Inti
› Agriculture
Terraces
› Trade
› Machu Pichu
Video: Millenium on Aztecs; Engineering an Empire
31. Sternpost Rudder – China
Lateen Sails – Indian Ocean
Astrolabe – Arabs
Magnetic Compass – China
Cartography – Arab experts
Mongols used hand-held
canons that used GUNPOWDER
33. Increased populations
worldwide
Major New World Crops:
– Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes
Major Old World
Contributions:
-Domesticated Animals: cattle,
sheep, pigs, chickens, horses
-Wheat
-Rice
-Citrus
-Bananas
-DISEASES!!!!
Canned good project
34. Isolation
› Geography
Americas
Russia
China & Japan
› Religion
Ottoman
Empire
Russia
China & Japan
› Culture
Ottomans,
Russia,
China & Japan
Global Interaction
› Trade
Land v. Sea
Western dominance
› Columbian Exchange
& Effects
› Conquest
› Slavery
› Missionaries
› Choosing Isolation
Russia – Selective
Westernization
China – one port open
Japan – closed,
except to Dutch
35. Russia – forced & selective
› Gunpowder weapons, elite culture, math
Islamic Empires (Ottomans, Safavids)
› Largely refused Western influence
› Gunpowder weapons
› Printing Press late, for Christians
› Mughal – did not westernize, but traded with all comers
China – largely refused
› Mechanical novelties, some religion at first
› Left only port of Canton open, no religion
Japan – closed to West
› Some science through Dutch, some guns, no religion
Latin America – no choice! Conquest & colonization!
› Exploitation of natural resources, including people. Mercantilism.
Manila Galleons transported Silver.
› The Great Dying, replacement by Europeans & Africans
› Mixing of Races, stratification of society based on racial pedigree
North America
› Colonization, NO mixing of races, shoved native people aside & took
over. Mercantilism.
37. Plague in the Old World
–
› China, Central Asia,
Middle East, Europe
› Wiped out 1/3 to ½ in
some societies
› Effect?
Great Dying in the New
World -
› Americas
› Wiped out most
indigenous Americans
› Effect- Made conquest
EASY
Strong Elite Women
› Elizabeth Tudor
› Isabella – Spain
› Nur Jahan – Mughal
› Roxelaine – Ottoman
› King Nazinga – Africa
City women worked
alongside husband
As population increases,
what do we do with
unmarried women?!
Witchcraft…
Otherwise, no real change
38. GUNPOWDER WEAPONS
› Gunpowder Empires – Russia, Ottomans,
Mughal…
Ship building
› Europeans: Galleons, Caravels, Peter the
Great, Chinese Treasure Ships
› Built on tech from last time period: compass,
astrolabe, cartography, Dhows & Junks
› Silk Road takes a back seat to sea trade
Printing Press
› Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment
› Empowers the people…
40. Gunpowder Empire
Wealthy - long distance trade
Sikhism – Guru Nanak Dev- c. 1507
Akbar
› Divine Faith
› Religious Tolerance
No pilgrim tax,
No jizya,
Hindus high in government
Married Hindu princesses
› Conquest & Building
Fatiphur Sikri – syncretism!
41. Renaissance Humanism
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Brunelleschi,
Boticelli… Van Eyck, Durer…
Protestant Reformation
› Martin Luther
95 Theses
› Henry VIII
Act of Supremecy
› John Calvin
Predestination
Counter Reformation
› Baroque
PRINTING
PRESS!!!
Plague Renaissance Reformation
Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Exploration
Commercial Revolution Wealthy merchants
Want a “say” in Government ….
42. Scientific Revolution
› Copernicus
› Galileo - 1632
› Scientific Method
› Sir Isaac Newton
Light, optics
Gravity
Deism
› God as
Watchmaker
Enlightenment
› Divine Right of Kings
vs. Social Contract
› Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke…
Voltaire.
› Enlightened
Monarchs
Exploration
› Henry the
Navigator, da
Gama, Columbus…
› Treaty of Tordesillas
Printing Press!
43. Joint Stock Companies
› British East India, Royal Muscovy
› VOC
Mercantilism
› Sugar & Silver…
› Manila Galleons
More people working for
MONEY, not food. Cities.
Consumerism.
Proto- Industrialization – Putting Out System
44. Spread new ideas
› Science & Enlightenment, Reason
Spread technology
Exposure to new cultures/ideas
Transformation while refusal stagnation
› education, politics, economies, weaponry, travel
Kings & Nation states more powerful
› Some parliamentary monarchies in Europe
Religious Conflicts
› Reformation, Missions, Inquisition, Wars in Europe
45. Atlantic Revolutions
Industrial Revolution- agriculture, communication, travel,
manufacturing
Atlantic Slavery- Height: 1750; End of Slavery – 1830
New Imperialism – India, Southeast Asia, Scramble for
Africa
NATIONALISM and desire for POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
J-ROC
Cultural Diffusion
46. Revolution
› State System Nationalism
› End of Mercantilism, arrival of
Capitalism
› INDEPENDENCE as main motive in
this time period
› Overthrow Absolute Monarch
› Unifications
› Liberalism & Conservatism
End of Serfdom & Slavery
› French Rev ends Feudalism, Alexander II of
Russia ends Serfdom.
› Industrializing British end slave trade,
ownership, for everyone.
› American Civil War ends slavery in US.
Industrial Revolution
› Affected EVERYONE! – Ag,
Communication, Transportation,
Weaponry!
› Second largest change in history!
› Those who industrialized Imperialists –
Britain, US, Japan, Germany…
Role of Women
Imperialism
› India
› Africa – Scramble for Africa, Mandates
› China- Unequal Treaties
› Japan – Admiral Perry’s Black Ships
› Ottoman Empire- Capitulations,
Mandates
Decline/ Humiliation / Disappearance
of Land-based Empires
› Ottoman – Sick Man of Europe. Europeans kept
them alive as buffer between Europe and
Russia. Tanzimat Era. Young Ottomans. Young
Turks.
› China- Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Self
Strengthening Movement, Spheres of Influence
› Meijii Restoration – Industrialization & Empire!
› Russian – Czar freed the serfs in 1742- but
nowhere to go. Zemstovs 1864. Industrialized
TOO FAST dissatisfaction with Czar Nicholas.
Project: Revolutions Presentations
47. Atlantic Revolutions - Want Independence &/or
freedom from oppression
American – 1776
› Independence: Shot heard round the world
› No taxation without representation
› Anti-Mercantilism; Enlightenment Ideals
French – 1789
› Anti-oppression, Enlightenment Ideals.
› Jacobins, Robespierre, Napoleon Bonaparte
Haiti
› Independence, Anti-Slavery,
› Toussaint L’Ouverture
Mexican – 1810, 1910
› 1810 – Independence, Father Hidalgo
› 1910 - Land redistribution, US out of Mexico,
More Representative Government - Wanted
social change but it did not happen. Pancho
Villa & Emiliano Zapata
Boliverian
› Simon Bolivar achieved Independence but not
Dream of Gran Columbia
› Modern Day Chavez & Morales…
20th Century Revolutions – Want social
change, fair access to government
Russian 1917+
› Communist- change government,
social change
Chinese 1927-59
› Anti-Empire, Communist
Peron in Argentina- 1946 – Third Way
› Fascism, workers party, military coup
d’etat, anti – English/tradition/Church
Indian Independence
› Anti-colonialism, social change,
vivisection creates Pakistan & India
Cuban- 1959 – Overthrow dictator,
Communist – social reform, end
mercantilism & foreign involvement
African – Anticolonial, antiapartheid-
› Ghana, Kenya, South Africa
Revolutions of 1989
› Prague Spring, Velvet, Poland,
Romania, Hungary: Anti-USSR
Iranian – 1979 – Islamist, anti-Western
involvement in politics & economy
Independence
Coup d’etat
Social Change
48. Exchangeable parts & people
replace artisans & their products
Agriculture, Communication, Travel,
Warfare:
› Telegraph, steam ships, trains,
machine guns!
› EVERYONE, Going everywhere, FAST!
› Steel! Mechanization!
› Coal, later oil – fossil fuels.
› More food than ever, produced by
fewer people than ever, higher
population than ever! some people
displaced, poorer…
Eli Whitney
Henry Ford
Henry Bessemer
49. Deeply touches EVERYONE!
› Mass society!
› Consumer society!
New Class Structure in
Industrialized societies:
› Urban working poor,
› Middle Class- Urban- Bourgeoisie
› Captains of Industry replace Nobility.
How to Cope with rapid change?
› Luddites, Abuse on the job & at home,
Utopian Socialism and Marxism as reactions
50. Justification?
› Economy needs it!
› Strategic Reasons.
› Take minds off of horrors
of industrial society.
› Industrialized nations
need cheap raw
materials & markets to
sell goods
› Civilizing, Saving
› “White Man’s Burden”
Logical outgrowth of: End of
Mercantilism + Industrial
Revolution + Nationalism.
Berlin Conference & Scramble for
Africa
› Von Bismark, Cecil Rhodes.
› Boer War, Afrikaaners, Union of South
Africa. Diamonds, gold.
India
› Raw materials, Rail Roads &
telegraphs, Anglicizing, Markets to sell
finished goods.
› Sepoy Mutiny
China
› Opium Wars, Unequal Treaties-
Extraterritoriality. Open Door Policy.
Taiping & Boxer Rebellions. Self-
strengthening Movement. Spheres of
Influence. Corrupt landlord class.
Japan
› In both roles!!
› US role: Gun boat diplomacy. Admiral
Perry. Black Boats. Unequal Treaties.
› Meiji Restoration industrialization,
Imperialist in China, Russia, Korea,
Taiwan…
51. Ottomans - Sick Man of
Europe.
Europe kept them going to
serve as buffer between Russia
& Europe. Corrupt Janissaries
Destroyed.
Spheres of Influence
Capitulations- Extraterritoriality
Tanzimat Reforms – some
railroads, telegraphs, secular
schools…
Meiji Restoration - 1876
Young Japanese Emperor
restores power to emperor
› Westernizes Japan
› Rapid Industrialization
› IMPERIALISM! Military victories
over China & Russia
› Took Korea (Manchukuo) &
Taiwan, kicked Russia out of
Manchuria, and established
own Sphere of Influence there.
52. 1914 - Present
Ideologies
Marxism, Communism, Fascism…
Total War
World War I
World War II
Cold War- Containment
Nationalism, Separatism,
Decolonization
Civil Rights + Rights for Women
Revolutions of 1989
USSR Dissolution
Global Economy, Great Depression
Global Organizations & Movements
Religious Fundamentalism
53. Russia
› Bolsheviks
› Nikolai Lenin
Peace, Land & Bread
Vanguard of the
Revolution
› Joseph Stalin
Purges
Five Year Plans
Collectivization
Stalingrad turns the tide
of World War II
Yalta & Potsdam
Conferences
China
› Nationalists
Chiang Kai Shek
Sun Yat Sen
Taiwan
› Communists
Mao Tse Tung
Long March
Agricultural
Communism
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution
54. WORLD!
Total War =
TECHNOLOGICAL
WARFARE! All is fair…
Whole society
mobilizes mass
casualties! Masses as
hostages!!
Why fight?
› Propaganda
› Secret Treaties
› Archduke Ferdinand
Trench Warfare, Barbed Wire,
Flares, Maxim Guns, Bombs,
Mustard Gas, Shell Shock, lost
limbs… The horror of “The War
to End All Wars”
Wilson’s 14
Points
Treaty of Versailles: Ended
WWI & started WWII
› Stab-In-the-Back Myth
56. Lost land in WWI
settlement (central
power member)
Armenian Genocide.
Mustafa Kemal – Ataturk
› Turned back the
invading Greeks
› Overthrew Ottoman
Sultan
› 1st modern president of
Turkey- 1923
› Westernized:
Dress, ie: no Fez
Secularized customs
Alphabet changed to
latin,
Parliamentary
government system,
Western legal code rather
than Islamic,
Wanted Turkey to join
Europe.
› Opposition!!!
57. Fascism in Spanish Civil War –
practice for war – General Franco
Il Duche – Mussolini
Der Fuhrer - Hitler
› Lebensraum & Third Reich as
result of strong Nationalism
› Brown & Black Shirts
› Stab-in-the-Back Myth
› Kristallnacht
› Nuremberg Rally
› Blitzkreig – London’s “Blitz”
› Anschluss
› The Final Solution – The
Holocaust
Emperor Hirohito – Rape of
Nanjing.
Allies & Axis powers
Chamberlain/ Churchill, Petain-
Vichy, DeGaulle- Resistance;
Stalin, Roosevelt/ Truman: The
Buck Stops Here.
Battle of Stalingrad- Not one step
back! Industry moved to Siberia.
Uncle Joe.
American Loans, then American
money, then American troops
VE Day. Americans froze
Japanese assets Pearl Harbor.
Technology – planes, bombs,
radar, air raids, radio, movie
theatres, Manhattan Project:
Atomic Bombs.
Japan
› Pearl Harbor, Kamikazee,
Atomic Bomb, Island Hopping,
Battle of Midway, VJ-Day
Videos: Triumph of the Will – shots of the Nuremberg Rally; Judgment at
Nuremberg; and possibly Night and Fog
58. India / Pakistan
Africa
Vietnam
Video: Gandhi Ho Chi Minh
59. USA
› Truman Doctrine
› Containment: Iron Curtain
Speech – Churchill
› Nixon – Kruschev & Kitchen
Debates
› JFK – Bay of Pigs Invasion,
Cuban Missile Crisis
(Brinksmanship!), Race to the
Moon
› Reagan
Star Wars missiles
Fall of Berlin Wall
USSR
› Iron Curtain Speech -
Churchill
› Sputnik
› Brezhnev Doctrine
Gorbacev
DÉTENTE
› SALT Talks
› Gorbacev, Yeltsin
› Glasnost - opening
› Perestroika - restructuring
›
60. Poland – Solidarity,
Lech Walesa
Hungary
Czechoslovakia-
Prague Spring,
Velvet Revolution
Romania
Bulgaria
East Germany – Wall
came down
Dissolution of USSR
61. 1976 Mao died
Deng modernized
› agriculture,
› industry,
› science,
› technology, &
national defense.
'It does not matter
whether a cat is black
or white as long as it
catches mice'.
› Refers to state-
control verses free
market economics.
June 4, 1989 –
Tiananmen Square
Massacre
Discontent with the
restructuring of the
economy
Anger at corruption –
Death of a popular
politician
Students studied
abroad, brought back
ideas…
Ai Wei Wei,
Dissident?
62. Tunisia
Egypt – Mubarak
Libya – Gadhafi
Yemen
Syria
› Government
repressing revolution
Saudi Arabia
› Women trying to
get the vote
63. Instability
Policeman to the world?
Global Economy
Global warming & Green
Concerns
Rogue States
Terrorism
NGO’s – positive & negative
What next???
Video: Islamist Movement
Library at Ephesus in background, foreground is ruins in Rome
Janissary is Ataturk!!
Young 27-year old emperor is named Meiji
Jomo Kenyatta, Ho Chi Minh, Jinna
Brezhnev Doctrine – nothing would be allowed to compromise the strength of the Warsaw Pact, hold of the USSR on Eastern bloc countries. Came into force AFTER Hungary and Czech to explain and warn. Truman Doctrine – US will come to aid of any country trying to get out from under Soviet Domination. Used to justify helping Greece, etc.