A complete review through all six time periods including AP World Period 1 (Foundations up to 600 BCE), AP World Period 2 (Classical Era from 600 BCE to 600 CE), AP World Period 3 (Post-Classical Era from 600 CE to 1450 CE), AP World Period 4 (Early Modern Era from 1450 CE to 1750 CE), AP World Period 5 (Modern Era from 1750 to 1900), and AP World Period 6 (Contemporary Era from 1900 to the present).

2. Period1-3Review
AP World History
Hosted by: Amanda DoAmaral

3. @thinkfiveable
http://fiveable.me

4. KEY CONCEPT 1.1: Early Humans & Migration
● “Out of Africa” theory
● Foragers → egalitarian, small kinship groups, no private wealth
● Human use of fire → increased brain size because food was more nutritious, led
to socialization / more complex language
Period1:8000BCEto600BCE

5. KEY CONCEPT 1.1: Early Humans & Migration
● “Out of Africa” theory
● Foragers → egalitarian, small kinship groups, no private wealth
● Human use of fire → increased brain size because food was more nutritious, led
to socialization / more complex language
Period1:8000BCEto600BCE

6. KEY CONCEPT 1.2: Neolithic Revolution & Early Agricultural Societies
● Neolithic Rev → pastoralism, domestication, irrigation, pop. increase,
specialization of labor, trade/transportation improvements, social stratification
● First permanent settlements → Catal Huyuk (first city)
○ All different times
○ All around the world
○ All near rivers / water source
Period1:8000BCEto600BCE

7. KEY CONCEPT 1.3: Early Societies
● Characteristics of Civilizations (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Shang, Indus River Valley)
○ Large, powerful states that had cities w/ complex bureaucracies, armies
○ Agricultural surplus allowed for specialization // wealth
○ Monumental architecture (ziggurats, pyramids, walls)
○ Writing → cuneiform, hieroglyphics, quipu → led to legal codes
○ Leaders used DIVINE right to rule / support of army
○ Competition for resources between civs, some had more (Hittites = iron)
○ Pastoral innovation → new weapons
Period1:8000BCEto600BCE

11. KEY CONCEPT 2.1: Religion & Culture
● Judaism (monoa & Hinduism (India, Vedic, polytheistic, CASTE) starts in U1
● New religions from this time:
○ Buddhism → India (500 BCE), end suffering by ending desires, Ashoka
○ Daoism → China (500 BCE), live in harmony with nature, balance, the way
○ Confucianism → China, 5 relationships, filial piety, education, patriarchal
○ Christianity → M.E. (30 CE), Judaism 2.0 except Jesus = son of god, Rome
● Greco-Roman Philosophy → reason/logic, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
● Animism → spirits within natural world, outside of core civs (Native American)
● Ancestor veneration → worship of ancestors
Period2:600BCEto600CE

12. KEY CONCEPT 2.2: States & Empires
● Persia → Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanid, Alex the Great, royal roads
● China → Qin (legalism, centralized, unification), Han (silk road, chang’an, paper)
● India → Mauryan (Ashoka, buddhism, rock & pillar), Gupta (peace = sci. / tech)
● Greece / Hellenistic → democracy, wars, conquered by Alex the Great
● Rome → Kingdom, Republic (Caesar), Empire (Augustus / Constantine)
● Meso-American → Teotihuacan (Mexico), Mayan (calendar), Moche (Peru)
● RISE = bureaucratic, coded laws (12 tables / Justinian), roads, military, slavery
● FALL = environ. damage (deforest.), outside invaders, internal revolt, disease
Period2:600BCEto600CE

13. KEY CONCEPT 2.3: TRADE
Period2:600BCEto600CE

14. KEY CONCEPT 2.3: TRADE
● SILK, SEA (Mediterranean, Indian Ocean), SAND (Trans-Saharan) routes
● New technology =
○ Yokes (tied animals together), Saddles, Stirrups, Lateen Sails, Dhows
● Things traded:
○ Rice, Cotton
○ Qanat technology (irrigation system, Persia → Asia)
○ Disease→ smallpox
○ Religion: Christianity (to Eur.), Buddhism (E & SE Asia), Hinduism (SE Asia)
Period2:600BCEto600CE

21. KEY CONCEPT 3.1: TRADE CONTINUED
Period3:600CEto1450CE

22. KEY CONCEPT 3.1: TRADE CONTINUED
● Trade dominated by: ISLAMIC EMPIRES, MONGOLS, VIKINGS
● New cities on routes → Timbuktu, Huangzhou, Baghdad, Venice, Malacca
● New/more luxury goods → spices, silk, porcelain, gems, exotic animals
● New tech → camel saddles, Caravanserai (Holiday Inn of the Silk Roads)
● New navigations → compass (China), Astrolabe (Hellenistic), big ships
● New econ tools → paper money (flying cash), credit/loans, trading orgs
(Hanseatic League in Northern Europe)
● Migrations → Bantu & Polynesian
● Diasporas → Muslims (I.O.), Chinese (SE Asia), Jews (Mediterranean)
● Explorers → Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, Zheng He
Period3:600CEto1450CE

23. KEY CONCEPT 3.2: POLITICS & STATE BUILDING
● ISLAMIC CALIPHATES (661-1258)
○ Umayyads, Abbasids, Delhi Sultanate, Al-Andalus (Spain), Big on trade/conq
● MONGOLS (1206-1368)
○ Four Khanates → Golden Horde (Russia), Yuan (China), Chagatai (C. Asia),
Ilkhanate (M. East) → trade, Genghis, relig. tolerant, largest land emp. ever
● BYZANTINE→ E. Rome, Justinian, Caesaropapism, Eastern Orthodox (schism)
● CHINA → Sui (Grand Canal), Tang (civil service exam), Song (paper money)
● AMERICAS→ Maya, Aztecs, Incas
● FEUDALISM→ Europe (lords, serfs, Charlemagne - Franks), Japan (Samurai)
Period3:600CEto1450CE

24. KEY CONCEPT 3.3: ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY & CONSEQUENCES
● Production →more crops (champa rice) & agriculture (chinampas)
● Urbanization → Rise (Venice, Calicut, Baghdad) & Fall (Athens, Rome, Chang’an)
○ invasions, disease, agricultural decline (LITTLE ICE AGE!) leads to pop dec.
● Fun new social changes:
○ Free peasants, nomadic pastoralists, guilds, coerced labor, military oblig.
○ Religious revolts → White Lotus (Red turban) China, became Ming dynasty
○ Spread of religion → changed gender relations, literacy, family structure
Period3:600CEto1450CE

30. KEY CONCEPT 4.1: GLOBALIZATION
● Explorers → Henry the Nav. (to W. Africa), Columbus (to Americas), Vasco Da Gama (to India)
● New tech → improved astrolabe, better maps, wind patterns, caravels (sm. ships)
● Circulations of Goods (Columbian Exchange)
○ Atlantic → from NW = corn, potatoes, cacao, from OW = disease, slaves, sugar
○ Asia → Silver (from Am.) to Asia (Europeans transported silv. btwn countries)
● Joint-Stock Companies → VOC (Dutch), British East India Company
● Impact of Globalization→
○ Spread of religion (Islam, Christianity, Buddhism)
○ Syncretic religions (Vodun - Caribbean, Cult of Saints - L.A., Sikhism - India)
○ Innovations in arts → Renaissance, Wood Block Printing, Kabuki
Period4:1450CEto1750CE

31. KEY CONCEPT 4.2: NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & MODES OF PRODUCTION
● Global demand for goods → new labor systems / trends
○ Peasant labor increased (Siberia)
○ Coerced Labor
■ Spanish use of Inca Mita to mine silver
■ Encomienda / Hacienda system (trade labor for religious/lang edu.)
■ Indentured Servitude (temp. labor to pay off debt)
■ Chattel Slavery (people = property, Atlantic Slave Trade)
● New elites (Manchus, Creoles), Existing Elites (Euro Nobles, Zamindars, Daimyo)
● Social changes = Euro men depended on SE women merchants, sm. fams Europe
● Racial = mestizo (Euro + Native), mulatto (Euro + black), Creole (Sp. in America)
Period4:1450CEto1750CE

32. KEY CONCEPT 4.3: STATE BUILDING & EXPANSION
● ALL ABOUT POWER
● Maintaining power:
○ Arts (archit., court literature), Religion (divine right - Eur., human sacrifice -
Aztecs), Bureaucracy (exam - China, Devshirme - Ottoman)
● Who has the power:
○ Land Empires → Manchus, Mughals, Ottomans, Russians
○ Maritime Empires → Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British
● Competing for power:
○ For trade (Ottoman vs. Euro), State Rivalries (30 year war, Ottoman vs.
Safavid), Local Resistance (Peasant uprisings, samurai revolts)
Period4:1450CEto1750CE

39. KEY CONCEPT 5.1: INDUSTRIALIZATION & CAPITALISM
● IR starts in GB → coal, pop growth, property rights, rivers/canals, capital
● Tech advances → steam engine which used coal
● New demand for raw materials & markets → Europe took over world
● Econ tools → Capitalism = A. Smith, Liberalism = S. Mill, stock markets, gold stan.
● Transp. / comm. → railroads, steamships, canals (erie, suez, panama), telegraph
● Response to Industrialization
○ Workers organized in unions for better wages, hours, conditions
○ Alternative visions → Marxism, Anarchism
○ Some resisted industrialization / westernization → Qing, Ottoman
○ Some were late to the game → Meiji, Russa
Period5:1750to1900

40. KEY CONCEPT 5.2: IMPERIALISM & STATE BUILDING
● CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM → markets & materials, social darwinism, WMB
● HOW:
○ Methods used by the west → Diplomacy (Native Am. treaties, Berlin Conf.),
Warfare (Belgians in Congo), Economic (Opium, Monroe Doctrine)
● EFFECTS:
○ Colonies continued → British India, Dutch Indonesia
○ States Expanded → America west (manifest destiny), Russia, Meiji Japan
○ States Dissolved → Balkan Indep., Egyptian Semi-Ind., Euro. in N. Africa
○ Settler Colonies → South Africa, America, Australia
○ Loss of native culture
Period5:1750to1900

41. KEY CONCEPT 5.3: REVOLUTION
● Catalyst = Enlightenment
○ Voltaire (rel. tol.), Rousseau (soc. con.), Locke (nat rights.), Montesq. (3 bran.)
○ Docs to know: Dec of Ind., Dec of Rights of man, Jamaica Letter
● Revolutions → Murathan over Mughals, USA over GB, France over Louis XVI, Haiti
over France, Latin America over Spain
● Other movements against authority:
○ Slave Rebellions: Maroon societies, Haiti, Anti-Imperialism: Sepoy
Rebellion, Boxer Reb., Religious Rebellions:Ghost Dance, Taiping
○ Led to reforms (Tanzimat - Ottom., Self-Strengthening - China)
● Global movements of -isms: liberalism, socialism, communism, feminism
Period5:1750to1900

42. KEY CONCEPT 5.4: MIGRATIONS
● Causes: pop growth (improved food production & meds), improved transport
● Migrants: free will (jobs), coerced (slaves, indent serv [indian & chinese], convict
labor [australia]), temporary (seasonal [japan, italy])
● Outcomes:gender (male migrants left women to fill jobs), ethnic enclaves
(chinatown), anti-immigrant policies (chinese exclusion act 1882)
Period5:1750to1900

50. KEY CONCEPT 6.1: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
● New transportation: cars, airplanes, space exploration
● New communication: telephone, radio, internet
● New scientific theories:relativity, quantum mechanics, big bang, psychology
● New environ issues: Greenhouse effect, defor., erosion, climate ch., extinctions
● Diseases:Sp. flu, AIDS, Ebola, Alzheimer's, Diabetes, cholera, TB
● Medical innovations: polio, antibiotics, artificial heart, birth control
● Energy innovations: oil, nuclear power
● Military tech: tanks, planes, atomic bomb
● Military tactics: trench warfare, firebombing (increased civ casualties)
● Green Rev: new ways to produce food for more people (chem & GMO)
Period6:1900toPresent

51. KEY CONCEPT 6.2: GLOBAL CONFLICTS
● Collapse of old empires (1910s) → Ottoman, Russia, Qing
● Decolonization → negotiated (India, Ghana), war (algeria, vietnam, angola)
● Nationalists leaders → Gandhi (India), Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), Nkrumah (Ghana)
● Regional ethnic movements → Jinnah (Pakistan), Quebecois separatist (Canada)
● Transnational movements → Communism, pan-africanism, pan-arabism
● Land Redistribution → Venezuela, Cuba, Kenya, China, Russia, Vietnam
● Mvmt of people → India/Pak, Israel/Pal, S.A. to GB, Alg. to Fr., Filip. to USA
● Genocide → Armenia, Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda
● Global wars → WWI, WWII (militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism)
● Cold War → Cap (USA, W. Europe) vs. Comm (USSR, China, Cuba, Korea, Vietnam)
● non-aligned , uprisings of 1968, dictators, uprisings of 1988-89
Period6:1900toPresent

52. KEY CONCEPT 6.3: GLOBALIZATION & ECONOMICS
● Communist response → 5 year plans, great leap forward, cultural rev
● Capitalist response → New Deal, liberalism, free market policies (Reagan)
● Int’l pol orgs → League of Nations, UN, Int’l Criminal Court,
● Int’l econ orgs → IMF, World Bank, World Trade Organization
● Humanitarian orgs → UNICEF, Amnesty Int’l, Red Cross, World Health Org
● Regional Trade Agreements → EU, NAFTA, SEATO
● Multinational corporations → Shell, Coca-cola, Sony
● Environ. Movements → Greenpeace, Earth Day
● Human Rights Movements → Decl. of Human Rights, Feminism, end white aussie
● Religion & Pol → Fundamentalism, Liberation Theology
● Pop culture diffusion → world cup, olympics, cricket, reggae, bollywood
Period6:1900toPresent