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Uploaded byJoanne Chen
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Chinese history introduction

This document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2200 BC to the present. It outlines the major dynasties and time periods, including the origins of Chinese civilization, early empires, second empire, birth of modern China, and contemporary China. Key topics covered include the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, the Qin unification, Han expansion, Tang and Song golden age, Yuan and Ming rule, Qing decline, Republican period, and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

Education◦
Introduction to Chinese History Joanne Chen 2015
I. The Origins of Chinese Civilization: c. 2200-221 BC a) Xia: c. 2200- c. 1750 BC b) Shang 1750 – 1100 BC c) Zhou (Chou) 1100 – 256 BC II. The Early Empires 221 BC - 589 AD a) Qin 221- 206 BC b) Han 206 BC -220 AD c) The Three kingdoms and the Dynasties of North and South III. The Second Empire: 589 – 1644 AD a) Sui 589-618 b) Tang 618-907 c) Song 960-1279 d) Yuan (Mongol) 1279- 1368 e) Ming 1368 - 1644 IV. The Birth of Modern China: 1644 - present a) Qing (Manchu) 1644 – 1911 b) Republican China 1911 – 1949 c) The People’s Republic of China 1949 - present Chinese History Great Wall
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The Origins of Chinese Civilization: c. 2200-221 BC Xia: c. 2200- c. 1750 BC Shang 1750 – 1100 BC Zhou (Western and Eastern) 1100 – 256 BC Yu the Great, is known for controlling floods and he established the Xia Dynasty. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty marks the end of the Primitive Society and the beginning of the Class Society. The bronze wares reached a high level of artistry that signified the Shang's advanced civilization. Zhou political and social structure Ding
Eastern Zhou (770 – 221 BC) Philosophers The most influential minds in the Chinese intellectual tradition flourished under the Zhou Dynasty, considered a time of intellectual and artistic awakening. Many of the ideas developed during this time would shape the character of Chinese civilization up to the present day. Mencius 370-290 BC Confucius 551 – 479 BC Laozi Sunzi Author of The Art of War (Chinese: 孫子兵法; pinyin: Sūnzĭ bīngfǎ) is an ancient Chinese military treatise. Laozi is known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism. Mencius is most famous for his theory of human nature, according to which all human beings share an innate goodness that either can be cultivated through education and self-discipline. Confucius was an influential Chinese philosopher, teacher and political figure known for his popular aphorisms and for his models of social interaction.
Qin Shih Huang centralized all power to himself by placing only giving power to those loyal to him. At his command was a powerful army. Qin Dynasty ( 221- 206 BC) Han Dynasty (Western and Eastern Han) 206-22 AD Great Wall Standardized currency, measurements, legal rights, writing system. Terracotta warriors Silk Road was started as trade road. Qin Coin Emperor Wudi made efforts to expand the empire. Paper was invented. Wang zhou jun. Her polical marriage connected Xiongnu to Han. Han tomb painting Han clothing HanQin
Three Kingdom 220-265 AD Jin 265-420 AD Southern and Northern Dynasties 420-589 Wei: Cao Cao Shu: Liu Bei Wu: Sun Quan Throughout the Three Kingdoms Period, battles between the three countries were countless After a period of fighting, the process of Han-Chinese assimilation with other minority groups was greatly progressed. Buddhism became more and more popular. Yungang Grottoes 云冈石窟 Wang Xizhi (Eastern Jin), 兰亭集序 Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Manuscript, dated 353 AD Gilded Buddha Statue
Sui Dynasty 581-618 AD Tang Dynasty 618 – 907 AD Grand Canal was built. Emperor Sui Wendi Sui developed granaries to Supply to the people Development of Great Wall Confucian Civil Service Exams became Very important to enter the official ranks. Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries Strongly influenced the culture of Japan and Korea Silk Road trade with Middle East and Constantinople Gun Powder invention tang
Song Dynasty 960 – 1279Five Dynasties 907 – 960 AD And Ten kingdoms Landscape painting Costume 清明上河圖 Qingming scroll painting Invention: wood block printing Song clothingCeramic bowl Emperor Sengzong Calligraphy Transportation & trading
The Tang and Song dynasty is often referred to as China's "Golden Age“. Poetry, calligraphy, landscape painting, philosophy, political thought, historical writing, scientific advances in astronomy, chemistry, and medicine, and the production of fine silks, porcelain, and teas all flourish, particularly in the period from the 7th to the 12th centuries. THE GOLDEN AGE: Tang (618-907) and Song 960-1279) dynasties Tang painting: Horse RidingTang: Three colored- ware Tang Calligraphy, poem and painting
Buddhism’s impact is felt throughout China Tang and Song Dynasties: From the 7th to the 12th centuries Chinese culture spreads throughout East Asia Korea, Japan and Vietnam influenced by Chinese culture greatly Trade, business, and innovation boom. Growth in Chinese population PrintingCompass Tea leaf Making silk The Trading Ship
Yuan dynasty (1279 – 1368) Ming dynasty 1368 - 1644 The Mongol empire spans Eurasia in the 13th and 14th centuries and facilitates trade and exchange across the Eurasian land mass. Army of Yuan Kublai Khan Marco Polo Yuan Ceramic Emperor Hong Wu The Royal Ship Beijing Forbidden City Voyages of Zheng He Zheng He Completion of Great Wall
However, there was a contradiction during the Ming: As China became more integrated with Yuan and Ming Dynasty: 1271 - 1644 The most significant achievement of the Yuan Dynasty was the unification of the whole territory. This enhanced the communication between different ethnic minorities. Ming Dynasty’s achievement in oversea relationship: Ming emperor Chengzu assigned a man named Zheng He (1371 - 1433) to make numerous lengthily voyages to countries in Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean (the Red Sea area) and the east coast of Africa. These voyages greatly increased the Ming's influence abroad and made Zheng He the forerunning figure in seafaring history.
Qing Dynasty (Manchu leaders) (1644 – 1911) Fall of the empire because of a lack of modernization 1911 Qing Dynasty Collapsed. End of the Chinese Dynastic System The Qing Dynasty Ci-Xi Dowager Empress1903 Increased interaction with Europe Opium Wars Qing long Emperor Taiping Rebellion By the Qing dynasty, the Chinese empire saw themselves as the Celestial Empire.(天朝) In a letter to the King of England, Qian Long declared that they had everything they need and had no use for the manufactures of the West.
The Republic (1911-1949) People’s Republic of China (1949 – present) Dr. Sun Yat-sen Chiang Kai Shek Mao Ze Dong The Nationalist Party The Communist Party The Revolution of 1911 is of great significance: The monarchical system was discarded with the founding of the provisional government of Republic of China. Since 1949, the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has entered a new communist era. Reform and Opening Up policies in 1978, bringing in China’s phenomenal economic growth. Deng Xiao Ping China Civil War 1911 -1949
China Today Shanghai Beijing Tian An Men Factory workers On street Subway Chinese food
Conclusion The pattern of dynastic rise and fall is the theme of Chinese history. A strong dynasty overtook the weaker one. There are many ethnic groups from ancient times. Through continuing communication and fusion, Chinese civilization keeps developing and spreading. China's four great inventions, namely, the compass, gunpowder, movable type printing and papermaking, not only changed the world but also accelerated the evolution of world history.