Africa Review
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•4,700 views
African civilizations from 500 BC to 1500 AD were influenced by trade, technology, and religion. Key developments included the spread of Islam through trans-Saharan trade routes connecting North and sub-Saharan Africa. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai grew wealthy from gold and salt trade. The Bantu migrations influenced the spread of Bantu languages in sub-Saharan Africa between 500 BC to 1500 AD. The Kingdom of Zimbabwe rose as a center of wealth and trade in Southeast Africa between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Period 2 Trade Expansion
This document summarizes the development and organization of long-distance trade networks between 200 BCE and 400 CE. It describes the expansion of trade along the Silk Roads connecting China and Rome, Trans-Saharan routes in Africa, and Indian Ocean sea lanes linking Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa. Key innovations like the lateen sail and dhow ship expanded maritime trade by taking advantage of monsoon winds. The spread of diseases through trade contributed to declining urban populations and the fall of empires like Rome.
Classical Trade
The document summarizes several major long-distance trade routes that connected different regions of Afro-Eurasia between 200 BCE and 300 CE. It describes:
1) The Silk Roads, overland trade routes from China to the Roman Empire that facilitated the transport of silk and other goods;
2) Trans-Saharan caravan routes that connected sub-Saharan Africa to the Mediterranean;
3) Indian Ocean sea lanes connecting Southeast Asia, India, East Africa and the Red Sea region;
4) Mediterranean sea lanes connecting North Africa and the Middle East to Mediterranean civilizations like Greece and Rome.
Golden age of islam 2015 january
The document provides an overview of the spread and culture of the early Islamic empires from the 7th-13th centuries CE. It summarizes that under the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the Dar al-Islam expanded rapidly through military conquest and conversion, establishing an vast empire with standardized systems of administration, law, and taxation. Major cities like Baghdad and Cordoba became centers of learning, trade, and cultural flowering, contributing advances in many fields including mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and literature during the Golden Age of Islam. The empires declined due to internal dissent, popular revolts, and later Mongol invasions, though Islamic culture continued to influence other societies.
8 Africa
Early civilizations emerged across Africa beginning around 4600 years ago. Nomadic groups migrated across the continent, spreading agriculture and ironworking. States developed in West Africa along trade routes for gold and salt, including the empires of Ghana and Mali. In East Africa, coastal city-states engaged in Indian Ocean trade, developing Swahili culture. Further south, stateless societies organized along family and clan lines, building monumental structures like Great Zimbabwe. Across the continent, African cultures developed rich artistic, musical, architectural and oral traditions.
(Social) African Civilization A
The document summarizes the geography, early civilizations, and history of Africa. It describes Africa as a large, diverse continent with climatic zones ranging from desert to rainforest. It outlines evidence that modern humans emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating worldwide. It then discusses several ancient African civilizations like Egypt along the Nile River, Kush and Axum in Nubia, as well as empires in West Africa like Ghana and Mali which engaged in trans-Saharan trade.
Activities unit the islam
1. The document provides activities for students to learn about the spread of Islam during the Middle Ages, including creating a timeline of key events and maps showing the expansion of the Islamic empire under Muhammad and subsequent caliphs.
2. Students are asked to locate important cities on a map, color-code the growth of the empire, and answer questions about the spread of Islam over time.
3. Additional activities involve describing features of a mosque, researching examples of Islamic art and architecture, and writing a short story about daily life in the thriving city of Baghdad during its Golden Age in the 10th century.
Africa and Islam (Ch 8)
African civilizations were typically organized around kinship groups with decentralized political authority. Common elements included use of Bantu languages, animistic religions, and veneration of ancestors. North Africa was influenced by Mediterranean traders and later the Romans, and Christianity spread. The arrival of camels enabled trans-Saharan trade networks, through which Islam spread south, replacing Latin and Christianity as dominant. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai controlled gold and salt trade routes across the Sahara and grew wealthy. Other notable states included the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, Axum, the Hausa city-states, and the Benin Kingdom known for its bronze art.
Ancient Middle East 1
The document discusses the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Phoenicians, Hebrews, and others. It provides details on their societies, religions, achievements, and influences. Key figures mentioned include Gilgamesh, Hammurabi, Darius, and Moses. The document also suggests that regional flood stories like those in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Bible may have been inspired by catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea around 5600 BC.
Recommended
Period 2 Trade Expansion
This document summarizes the development and organization of long-distance trade networks between 200 BCE and 400 CE. It describes the expansion of trade along the Silk Roads connecting China and Rome, Trans-Saharan routes in Africa, and Indian Ocean sea lanes linking Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa. Key innovations like the lateen sail and dhow ship expanded maritime trade by taking advantage of monsoon winds. The spread of diseases through trade contributed to declining urban populations and the fall of empires like Rome.
Classical Trade
The document summarizes several major long-distance trade routes that connected different regions of Afro-Eurasia between 200 BCE and 300 CE. It describes:
1) The Silk Roads, overland trade routes from China to the Roman Empire that facilitated the transport of silk and other goods;
2) Trans-Saharan caravan routes that connected sub-Saharan Africa to the Mediterranean;
3) Indian Ocean sea lanes connecting Southeast Asia, India, East Africa and the Red Sea region;
4) Mediterranean sea lanes connecting North Africa and the Middle East to Mediterranean civilizations like Greece and Rome.
Golden age of islam 2015 january
The document provides an overview of the spread and culture of the early Islamic empires from the 7th-13th centuries CE. It summarizes that under the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the Dar al-Islam expanded rapidly through military conquest and conversion, establishing an vast empire with standardized systems of administration, law, and taxation. Major cities like Baghdad and Cordoba became centers of learning, trade, and cultural flowering, contributing advances in many fields including mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and literature during the Golden Age of Islam. The empires declined due to internal dissent, popular revolts, and later Mongol invasions, though Islamic culture continued to influence other societies.
8 Africa
Early civilizations emerged across Africa beginning around 4600 years ago. Nomadic groups migrated across the continent, spreading agriculture and ironworking. States developed in West Africa along trade routes for gold and salt, including the empires of Ghana and Mali. In East Africa, coastal city-states engaged in Indian Ocean trade, developing Swahili culture. Further south, stateless societies organized along family and clan lines, building monumental structures like Great Zimbabwe. Across the continent, African cultures developed rich artistic, musical, architectural and oral traditions.
(Social) African Civilization A
The document summarizes the geography, early civilizations, and history of Africa. It describes Africa as a large, diverse continent with climatic zones ranging from desert to rainforest. It outlines evidence that modern humans emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating worldwide. It then discusses several ancient African civilizations like Egypt along the Nile River, Kush and Axum in Nubia, as well as empires in West Africa like Ghana and Mali which engaged in trans-Saharan trade.
Activities unit the islam
1. The document provides activities for students to learn about the spread of Islam during the Middle Ages, including creating a timeline of key events and maps showing the expansion of the Islamic empire under Muhammad and subsequent caliphs.
2. Students are asked to locate important cities on a map, color-code the growth of the empire, and answer questions about the spread of Islam over time.
3. Additional activities involve describing features of a mosque, researching examples of Islamic art and architecture, and writing a short story about daily life in the thriving city of Baghdad during its Golden Age in the 10th century.
Africa and Islam (Ch 8)
African civilizations were typically organized around kinship groups with decentralized political authority. Common elements included use of Bantu languages, animistic religions, and veneration of ancestors. North Africa was influenced by Mediterranean traders and later the Romans, and Christianity spread. The arrival of camels enabled trans-Saharan trade networks, through which Islam spread south, replacing Latin and Christianity as dominant. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai controlled gold and salt trade routes across the Sahara and grew wealthy. Other notable states included the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, Axum, the Hausa city-states, and the Benin Kingdom known for its bronze art.
Ancient Middle East 1
The document discusses the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Phoenicians, Hebrews, and others. It provides details on their societies, religions, achievements, and influences. Key figures mentioned include Gilgamesh, Hammurabi, Darius, and Moses. The document also suggests that regional flood stories like those in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Bible may have been inspired by catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea around 5600 BC.
Jat Chapter 13
The document provides an overview of the key topics and concepts that will be covered in a chapter about medieval Africa, including:
- The rise of African civilizations in western and eastern Africa, shaped by geography and trade. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum, and Great Zimbabwe are discussed.
- The governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa, including traditional African religions, the growth of centralized governments in West African empires, and the spread of Islam.
- African society and culture, specifically how the Bantu migrations shaped cultures and how the slave trade later disrupted many cultures.
Mesopotamia
The document discusses the early river valley civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. It provides background on the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia, including their city-states, writing system, religious beliefs, and technological innovations. It also mentions the later Akkadian and Babylonian Empires that rose in Mesopotamia and established some of the world's first law codes.
Islam to Africa
Great states arose in West, East, and South Africa as a result of the spread of Islamic trade and culture. In West Africa, Islam spread through cultural diffusion while East African port cities were colonized. This introduced new religions, literacy, trade practices, and arts to African kingdoms. Powerful states like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged along the Niger River, benefiting from the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade with North Africa. Wealthy city-states also developed in East Africa along trade routes to India and China, introducing Arabic and African cultures. Eventually, European powers began colonizing the African coasts in the 15th-16th centuries to gain control of the lucrative trade networks.
8.3
The Kingdom of Aksum was located in what is now Eritrea and Ethiopia. It rose to power between 300-700 CE and conquered the Kush kingdom. Under King Ezana in the 4th century CE, Aksum expanded its control over Yemen and burned Meroe to the ground. Aksum established the port of Adulis and traded goods from Africa, Arabia, India and the Mediterranean. It developed a written language and was one of the first African civilizations to produce its own coinage. Aksum converted to Christianity under King Ezana and exported the religion throughout the region. However, the kingdom fell in the 8th century after the Muslim conquest of Arabia cut off its
Axum
The document provides an overview of the ancient Kingdom of Aksum located in what is now Eritrea and Ethiopia. It flourished between 100-940 AD and grew to become a major trading empire, facilitating trade between Rome/Byzantium and India. Aksum adopted Christianity in the 4th century and left behind significant architectural remains including large obelisks and tombs. It minted its own currency and had foreign relations across the Red Sea region and beyond. The document also discusses Aksumite society, culture, and the legend of the Queen of Sheba's visit to King Solomon which Ethiopians believe founded their Solomonic dynasty.
The Kingdom Of Aksum
The Kingdom of Aksum existed from 400 BCE to the 10th century AD in the Horn of Africa region. It was located in modern-day Eritrea and Ethiopia and centered its economy around trade due to its central location along major sea routes. Aksumites originally believed in one god and spirits but later converted to Christianity under King Ezana in the 4th century AD. The kingdom constructed monumental pillars and was the first south of the Sahara to produce coins.
Unit 3 part 2- Mesopotamian: Other Civilizations
Unit 3 Part 2: Mesopotamia Other Civilizations. Part of the River Valley Civilizations for 6th grade World History. Covers Babylon through Phoenicians with achievements. Images found on google image search.
04 History Of Islam2
The document provides an overview of the history of Islam presented in an Asian studies class. It discusses:
1) The monotheistic roots of Islam in Judaism and how Muhammad established the religion's core beliefs and practices.
2) The political uncertainty following Muhammad's death over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.
3) The expansion and influence of Islam in its early centuries, referred to as the Golden Age of Islam.
Americas 400 to 1500
The document summarizes the peoples and civilizations of the Americas between 400 CE and 1500 CE. It describes the diverse landscapes of North and South America and discusses the first peoples who crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia over 10,000 years ago. It then outlines the major indigenous civilizations that developed across North and Mesoamerica, including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec, and Inca. It provides details on their social structures, religious beliefs, and accomplishments.
The spread of islam in west africa
Islam spread to West Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes, with Muslim traders and missionaries introducing the religion to the kingdom of Ghana in the 11th century. Though the king of Ghana did not convert, he allowed Muslim communities to establish mosques and settlements. Over time, more of the population adopted Islam. In the 13th century, the leader of Mali, Mansa Musa, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca that demonstrated his wealth and expanded Islamic influence, helping the religion to spread further south. While many West Africans converted, they also maintained older religious practices of worshipping ancestors and using amulets.
Strayer chapter 7 ppt.
The document discusses trade routes between 500-1500 CE. It focuses on the Silk Roads between China and Europe, the Indian Ocean sea routes, and trans-Saharan land routes. Along these routes, goods like silk and spices were traded, religions spread, and diseases transmitted. Merchants accumulated wealth and cities like Srivijaya rose to prominence by controlling strategic choke points. West Africa developed larger states and cities due to trans-Saharan trade and the influence of Islam. Networks of interaction differed in the Americas, being oriented north-south and within civilizations rather than between them like in Eurasia.
8. African Civilizations
This document discusses the diversity of African societies and kingdoms throughout history. It describes stateless and state-based societies in Africa and how Islam arrived in North Africa. It then discusses the powerful kingdoms that arose in West Africa, including Mali and Songhai along the Niger River valley. It also summarizes the coastal trading kingdoms along East Africa's Swahili coast that blended Bantu, Islamic, and Southeast Asian cultures. Finally, it mentions some of the influential forest and plains kingdoms like Yoruba, Benin, Luba, Kongo, and the Mwene Mutapa kingdom in Zimbabwe.
Aa Chap 01 03
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial African history, beginning with early human origins in Africa and the establishment of ancient civilizations like Egypt, Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It discusses the rise and fall of these great West African empires, highlighting their achievements in areas like governance, trade, architecture, and Islamic learning centers. Gold mining and trade played an important economic role and helped fuel the growth of these powerful states before European contact in the 15th century led to their eventual decline.
Ancient african civilization
Ancient African Civilizations such as Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai and the Bantu peoples flourished between 750 BCE to 1500CE. They developed complex societies, economies and trade networks across diverse geographical zones in Africa. Major trading empires like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the trade of gold, salt and other goods. States such as Great Zimbabwe emerged in Southern Africa and traded gold with Swahili port cities on the East Coast.
Egypt: The Nile Civilization
Egypt’s stability is in stark contrast to the Ancient Near East of the same period, which endured an overlapping series of cultures and upheavals with amazing regularity. The earliest royal monuments, such as the Narmer Palette carved around 3100 B.C.E., display identical royal costumes and poses as those seen on later rulers, even Ptolemaic kings on their temples 3000 years later.
Jat Chapter 15
This document provides an overview of several sections in a chapter about medieval Europe, including the early Middle Ages, feudalism, and the rise of trade and cities. It describes the development of feudalism and the roles of lords, vassals, knights, and serfs. Life in castles and for peasants is discussed. The growth of towns and trade, and the formation of guilds to regulate crafts, is also summarized. Monasteries helped spread Christianity and preserve knowledge during this time period.
Babylonia civilization
The Babylonian civilization developed around 2100 BC in the city of Babylon under the rule of King Hammurabi. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi, which was inscribed on a stone tablet and established laws and punishments applicable to all social classes. The Code aimed to provide justice and protect the poor, widows, orphans, and laborers. Hammurabi also proved to be a capable administrator, as evidenced by clay tablets containing orders to his officers regarding tasks like collecting taxes, clearing rivers, and attending festivals. However, after Hammurabi's death, the Babylonian empire declined due to weak successors and was eventually plundered by outside forces like the H
Abbasid Dynasty
Here are three news articles about the conflict in Egypt:
1. The New York Times provides background on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, including its origins and role in Egyptian politics.
2. The BBC gives an overview of the overthrow of President Morsi by the military and the crackdown on Brotherhood supporters.
3. The New York Post reports on new protests against the military-backed interim government and its violent response, deepening unrest in Egypt.
Together these articles provide useful context on the ongoing power struggle in Egypt between the Muslim Brotherhood and the military-led government.
Babylonian Civilization
The document discusses the ancient Babylonian civilization and the city of Babylon. It describes how Babylon was the capital city located along the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Under King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC, Babylon became the dominant city-state in the region and established itself as a powerful empire. Key aspects of ancient Babylon discussed include the city walls, temples, ziggurats, and other impressive architectural feats such as the Hanging Gardens, built later under King Nebuchadnezzar II.
Chapter 8
Early African societies were often stateless, with kinship and religion playing central roles. West Africa saw the development of ironworking, agriculture, and Bantu migrations. Some early states included Kush/Nubia, Ghana, and various Christian kingdoms. The arrival of Islam in North Africa in the 7th century spread south, influencing states like Mali, Songhai, and Swahili city-states along trade routes. Urban centers developed in West and Southeast Africa focused on trade of gold, salt, and other goods.
Middle Ages
The document provides information on the Middle Ages in Europe, including the rise of feudalism and the feudal system. It discusses how the invasions of groups like the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings influenced the development of Europe by leading to the establishment of manors and castles for protection and undermining trade and towns, reinforcing the feudal system. It also summarizes key aspects of feudal society like the relationship between lords and vassals.
Physical To Imperialism
The document summarizes key aspects of early African civilizations and geography. It describes five regions of Africa, four climate zones, and the earliest civilizations discovered by archaeologists including the kingdoms of Egypt, Kush, and Axum. It then discusses the growth of imperialism in Africa starting in the 15th century, with European colonization leading to resistance movements and the eventual independence of many African nations in the 1950s-60s.
More Related Content
What's hot
Jat Chapter 13
The document provides an overview of the key topics and concepts that will be covered in a chapter about medieval Africa, including:
- The rise of African civilizations in western and eastern Africa, shaped by geography and trade. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum, and Great Zimbabwe are discussed.
- The governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa, including traditional African religions, the growth of centralized governments in West African empires, and the spread of Islam.
- African society and culture, specifically how the Bantu migrations shaped cultures and how the slave trade later disrupted many cultures.
Mesopotamia
The document discusses the early river valley civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. It provides background on the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia, including their city-states, writing system, religious beliefs, and technological innovations. It also mentions the later Akkadian and Babylonian Empires that rose in Mesopotamia and established some of the world's first law codes.
Islam to Africa
Great states arose in West, East, and South Africa as a result of the spread of Islamic trade and culture. In West Africa, Islam spread through cultural diffusion while East African port cities were colonized. This introduced new religions, literacy, trade practices, and arts to African kingdoms. Powerful states like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged along the Niger River, benefiting from the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade with North Africa. Wealthy city-states also developed in East Africa along trade routes to India and China, introducing Arabic and African cultures. Eventually, European powers began colonizing the African coasts in the 15th-16th centuries to gain control of the lucrative trade networks.
8.3
The Kingdom of Aksum was located in what is now Eritrea and Ethiopia. It rose to power between 300-700 CE and conquered the Kush kingdom. Under King Ezana in the 4th century CE, Aksum expanded its control over Yemen and burned Meroe to the ground. Aksum established the port of Adulis and traded goods from Africa, Arabia, India and the Mediterranean. It developed a written language and was one of the first African civilizations to produce its own coinage. Aksum converted to Christianity under King Ezana and exported the religion throughout the region. However, the kingdom fell in the 8th century after the Muslim conquest of Arabia cut off its
Axum
The document provides an overview of the ancient Kingdom of Aksum located in what is now Eritrea and Ethiopia. It flourished between 100-940 AD and grew to become a major trading empire, facilitating trade between Rome/Byzantium and India. Aksum adopted Christianity in the 4th century and left behind significant architectural remains including large obelisks and tombs. It minted its own currency and had foreign relations across the Red Sea region and beyond. The document also discusses Aksumite society, culture, and the legend of the Queen of Sheba's visit to King Solomon which Ethiopians believe founded their Solomonic dynasty.
The Kingdom Of Aksum
The Kingdom of Aksum existed from 400 BCE to the 10th century AD in the Horn of Africa region. It was located in modern-day Eritrea and Ethiopia and centered its economy around trade due to its central location along major sea routes. Aksumites originally believed in one god and spirits but later converted to Christianity under King Ezana in the 4th century AD. The kingdom constructed monumental pillars and was the first south of the Sahara to produce coins.
Unit 3 part 2- Mesopotamian: Other Civilizations
Unit 3 Part 2: Mesopotamia Other Civilizations. Part of the River Valley Civilizations for 6th grade World History. Covers Babylon through Phoenicians with achievements. Images found on google image search.
04 History Of Islam2
The document provides an overview of the history of Islam presented in an Asian studies class. It discusses:
1) The monotheistic roots of Islam in Judaism and how Muhammad established the religion's core beliefs and practices.
2) The political uncertainty following Muhammad's death over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.
3) The expansion and influence of Islam in its early centuries, referred to as the Golden Age of Islam.
Americas 400 to 1500
The document summarizes the peoples and civilizations of the Americas between 400 CE and 1500 CE. It describes the diverse landscapes of North and South America and discusses the first peoples who crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia over 10,000 years ago. It then outlines the major indigenous civilizations that developed across North and Mesoamerica, including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec, and Inca. It provides details on their social structures, religious beliefs, and accomplishments.
The spread of islam in west africa
Islam spread to West Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes, with Muslim traders and missionaries introducing the religion to the kingdom of Ghana in the 11th century. Though the king of Ghana did not convert, he allowed Muslim communities to establish mosques and settlements. Over time, more of the population adopted Islam. In the 13th century, the leader of Mali, Mansa Musa, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca that demonstrated his wealth and expanded Islamic influence, helping the religion to spread further south. While many West Africans converted, they also maintained older religious practices of worshipping ancestors and using amulets.
Strayer chapter 7 ppt.
The document discusses trade routes between 500-1500 CE. It focuses on the Silk Roads between China and Europe, the Indian Ocean sea routes, and trans-Saharan land routes. Along these routes, goods like silk and spices were traded, religions spread, and diseases transmitted. Merchants accumulated wealth and cities like Srivijaya rose to prominence by controlling strategic choke points. West Africa developed larger states and cities due to trans-Saharan trade and the influence of Islam. Networks of interaction differed in the Americas, being oriented north-south and within civilizations rather than between them like in Eurasia.
8. African Civilizations
This document discusses the diversity of African societies and kingdoms throughout history. It describes stateless and state-based societies in Africa and how Islam arrived in North Africa. It then discusses the powerful kingdoms that arose in West Africa, including Mali and Songhai along the Niger River valley. It also summarizes the coastal trading kingdoms along East Africa's Swahili coast that blended Bantu, Islamic, and Southeast Asian cultures. Finally, it mentions some of the influential forest and plains kingdoms like Yoruba, Benin, Luba, Kongo, and the Mwene Mutapa kingdom in Zimbabwe.
Aa Chap 01 03
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial African history, beginning with early human origins in Africa and the establishment of ancient civilizations like Egypt, Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It discusses the rise and fall of these great West African empires, highlighting their achievements in areas like governance, trade, architecture, and Islamic learning centers. Gold mining and trade played an important economic role and helped fuel the growth of these powerful states before European contact in the 15th century led to their eventual decline.
Ancient african civilization
Ancient African Civilizations such as Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai and the Bantu peoples flourished between 750 BCE to 1500CE. They developed complex societies, economies and trade networks across diverse geographical zones in Africa. Major trading empires like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the trade of gold, salt and other goods. States such as Great Zimbabwe emerged in Southern Africa and traded gold with Swahili port cities on the East Coast.
Egypt: The Nile Civilization
Egypt’s stability is in stark contrast to the Ancient Near East of the same period, which endured an overlapping series of cultures and upheavals with amazing regularity. The earliest royal monuments, such as the Narmer Palette carved around 3100 B.C.E., display identical royal costumes and poses as those seen on later rulers, even Ptolemaic kings on their temples 3000 years later.
Jat Chapter 15
This document provides an overview of several sections in a chapter about medieval Europe, including the early Middle Ages, feudalism, and the rise of trade and cities. It describes the development of feudalism and the roles of lords, vassals, knights, and serfs. Life in castles and for peasants is discussed. The growth of towns and trade, and the formation of guilds to regulate crafts, is also summarized. Monasteries helped spread Christianity and preserve knowledge during this time period.
Babylonia civilization
The Babylonian civilization developed around 2100 BC in the city of Babylon under the rule of King Hammurabi. Hammurabi established one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi, which was inscribed on a stone tablet and established laws and punishments applicable to all social classes. The Code aimed to provide justice and protect the poor, widows, orphans, and laborers. Hammurabi also proved to be a capable administrator, as evidenced by clay tablets containing orders to his officers regarding tasks like collecting taxes, clearing rivers, and attending festivals. However, after Hammurabi's death, the Babylonian empire declined due to weak successors and was eventually plundered by outside forces like the H
Abbasid Dynasty
Here are three news articles about the conflict in Egypt:
1. The New York Times provides background on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, including its origins and role in Egyptian politics.
2. The BBC gives an overview of the overthrow of President Morsi by the military and the crackdown on Brotherhood supporters.
3. The New York Post reports on new protests against the military-backed interim government and its violent response, deepening unrest in Egypt.
Together these articles provide useful context on the ongoing power struggle in Egypt between the Muslim Brotherhood and the military-led government.
Babylonian Civilization
The document discusses the ancient Babylonian civilization and the city of Babylon. It describes how Babylon was the capital city located along the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Under King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC, Babylon became the dominant city-state in the region and established itself as a powerful empire. Key aspects of ancient Babylon discussed include the city walls, temples, ziggurats, and other impressive architectural feats such as the Hanging Gardens, built later under King Nebuchadnezzar II.
Chapter 8
Early African societies were often stateless, with kinship and religion playing central roles. West Africa saw the development of ironworking, agriculture, and Bantu migrations. Some early states included Kush/Nubia, Ghana, and various Christian kingdoms. The arrival of Islam in North Africa in the 7th century spread south, influencing states like Mali, Songhai, and Swahili city-states along trade routes. Urban centers developed in West and Southeast Africa focused on trade of gold, salt, and other goods.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Middle Ages
The document provides information on the Middle Ages in Europe, including the rise of feudalism and the feudal system. It discusses how the invasions of groups like the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings influenced the development of Europe by leading to the establishment of manors and castles for protection and undermining trade and towns, reinforcing the feudal system. It also summarizes key aspects of feudal society like the relationship between lords and vassals.
Physical To Imperialism
The document summarizes key aspects of early African civilizations and geography. It describes five regions of Africa, four climate zones, and the earliest civilizations discovered by archaeologists including the kingdoms of Egypt, Kush, and Axum. It then discusses the growth of imperialism in Africa starting in the 15th century, with European colonization leading to resistance movements and the eventual independence of many African nations in the 1950s-60s.
Culture of Africa
This document lists the titles of 34 artworks in a 2007 catalog from Cultura Africana J.M.A.S. in Portugal. The artworks cover a range of topics including portraits, scenes of daily life, dances, and musicians in Africa by various artists. The document provides the title and artist for each piece listed in the catalog.
Africa Religion Culture
Religion in Africa is very diverse, with many indigenous religions varying across the continent. Both Islam and Christianity also have a prominent presence, sometimes through forced conversion. Indigenous religions generally saw the spiritual and physical worlds as interconnected and sought to explain the universe and human behaviors through spirits and deities. Islam spread across northern and western Africa through Arab traders starting in the 7th century AD, with some kingdoms converting. Christianity entered northern Africa during Roman times and was later spread along African coasts by Portuguese colonists in the 15th century, though missionaries often rejected local beliefs and aligned with colonial governments. Today, Africa retains numerous indigenous practices while also containing large Muslim and Christian populations that have blended non-Western traditions.
Rennaissance
The document discusses the effects of the Crusades from the 11th-13th centuries. It states that the Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire and allowed the Ottoman Turks to eventually conquer Constantinople in 1453. The Crusades also expanded cultural and economic exchange between Europe and the Middle East, increasing knowledge of places like Palestine in Europe. This stimulated trade and the development of banking/accounting in Italian cities like Venice and Genoa. The Crusades also introduced new technologies, literature, heraldry, and architectural styles to Europe. However, the cultural exchange was mostly from East to West, and the Crusades had negative impacts on the Muslim world by undermining tolerance.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION. Contains: Africa divided, early contacts, discovery expeditions, nations compete for overseas empires, the Congo sparking interests, Congo's exploration, Leopold and Congo, the Belgian Congo.
Africa culture
The document focuses on two cultures in Kenya - the Kikuyu people, the largest ethnic group in Kenya who practice agriculture and animal husbandry, and the Maasai people, semi-nomadic herders located in Kenya and Tanzania who live in circular homes and have rites of passage involving circumcision. Both cultures speak local languages as well as Swahili and English.
Tanzania legal system
a complete ppt about the legal system of tanzania including the topics like; sources of law and government structure (executive,legisature and judiciary)
Rise, Spread and Impacts of Islam
Islam originated in the 7th century AD on the Arabian Peninsula. The religion was founded by the prophet Muhammad after he began receiving revelations from God (Allah) at age 40. Muhammad's teachings were based on strict monotheism and he and his followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the migration (Hijra) to Medina in 622 AD which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Islam then rapidly spread across Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe through military conquests and trade routes, establishing a large empire with political and cultural influence. Key beliefs include submission to Allah as the one true God and Muhammad as his final prophet. The Quran is the holy text and the five pillars provide a
Road to 9.11
This document provides background information on the rise of Al Qaeda and the role of the United States in the Middle East leading up to 9/11. It discusses the Cold War in the region, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the formation of the Mujahideen and Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden's views and declaration of war on the US, the Taliban providing safe haven to Al Qaeda, and bin Laden's grievances outlined in his 2002 letter to America. The overall objective is to explain the causes of 9/11 and the complex political history involving the US, Israel, and various Middle Eastern countries and militant groups over several decades in the 20th century.
World geography - sw asia and the islamic world
The document provides an overview of the geography and origins of the Middle East. It describes the three peninsulas in the region - Sinai, Arabian, and Anatolia - and notes important rivers like the Euphrates and Tigris. It also discusses the origins and key beliefs of Islam, including the five pillars of prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage, and declaration of faith. The rapid expansion of Islam through military conquest and trade is summarized.
Africa- Religions
Religion in Africa is very diverse, with traditional indigenous religions varying widely across the continent. Indigenous religions were integrated into everyday life and sought to explain concepts like order in the universe, good and evil. While most were polytheistic, they often involved belief in a major god and sub-deities as well as spirits that communicated between the physical and spiritual worlds. Islam and Christianity also have a strong presence in Africa due to spread by Arab traders and later European colonists starting in the 15th century. Today the continent exhibits a complex blend of traditional, Islamic and Christian religious traditions.
Rome Review
Rome's geographic location along the fertile lands of the Tiber River and protected by the Mediterranean Sea and Alps mountains allowed it to expand its control largely unopposed. Its central position in the Mediterranean also enabled thriving sea trade. This strategic location was important to Rome's economic, social, and political development as it grew to become a major power in the ancient world.
Ancient africa strands summary
Ancient Africa had diverse geographic regions separated by deserts and jungles. Major river systems like the Nile, Niger, and Congo supported trade, agriculture, and the development of kingdoms. In West Africa, the Ghana Empire taxed caravans crossing the Sahara in salt and gold trade. The Mali Empire grew wealthy under Mansa Musa's rule and promotion of Islam. Further south, Bantu farmers migrated when resources were depleted, practicing animism, oral traditions, and kinship-based social structures.
Classical Greece
The document provides an overview of ancient Greece from the Minoans and Mycenaeans to the rise of Alexander the Great. It discusses key periods and events, including the development of Greek city-states and governments, the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC, and the influence of geography on Greek trade and colonization. Major city-states like Athens and Sparta are compared in terms of their governments, societies, and roles in conflicts like the Persian Wars. The document also introduces Greek mythology and its lasting impacts.
Paleolithic and Neolithic Societies
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
- Formal social hierarchies and government. More complex social structures with defined roles like leaders, priests, artisans.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems, advanced skills in areas like math, science that demonstrate intellectual/c
GRM 2013: MAGIC Rice Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross -- H Leung
GRM 2013: MAGIC Rice Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross -- H LeungCGIAR Generation Challenge Programme
This document summarizes the status of different MAGIC (Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross) rice populations including Indica MAGIC, Japonica MAGIC, MAGIC Global, and MAGIC Plus. It discusses genome-wide association studies conducted on these populations that have identified loci associated with traits like submergence tolerance, amylose content, and disease resistance. Multi-environment trials of different MAGIC populations are ongoing in several countries. The document outlines future work including continued phenotyping, quantitative trait loci mapping, and distribution of MAGIC lines to breeding programs.Viewers also liked (17)
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION
GRM 2013: MAGIC Rice Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross -- H Leung
GRM 2013: MAGIC Rice Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross -- H Leung
Similar to Africa Review
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
African Kingdoms
This document provides information about kingdoms and civilizations in Africa, including those located in sub-Saharan and northeast Africa as well as along the trans-Saharan trade route. It details the Kush kingdom in Nubia along the Nile River from 800 BCE to 300 CE, the Axum kingdom in Ethiopia from 300-800 CE, and the Great Zimbabwe kingdom in southern Africa from 1300-1450 CE. It also describes the West African kingdoms of Ghana from 300-1200 CE centered around Kumbi Saleh, Mali from 1200-1500 CE with Timbuktu as its capital, and Songhai from the 1500s CE which continued the traditions of its predecessors.
African kingdoms
The document provides information about four ancient African kingdoms:
1) Ghana was a powerful kingdom located in West Africa between 1000-1100 AD that grew rich through trade along rivers and taxing traders.
2) Mali rose to power after Ghana's decline, led by the powerful king Mansa Musa in the 1300s AD who built mosques and spread Islam through West Africa.
3) Nubia was located along the Nile River in northern Africa and shared cultural traits with ancient Egypt, building pyramids as tombs but on a smaller scale.
4) Songhay conquered Mali's lands in the 1400s AD under Sunni Ali and became a wealthy kingdom centered in Timbukt
Culture and kingdoms of west africa
The document provides information about four ancient African civilizations: Ghana, Nubia, Mali, and Songhay. It describes the origins, locations, trade networks, religions, leaders, and declines of each civilization. Ghana developed along the Niger and Gambia Rivers between 300-1100 AD and grew wealthy through trade and taxing traders. Nubia existed along the Nile River in modern-day Sudan and had cultural similarities to Egypt. Powerful kings led Mali to expand after 1200 AD, and Mansa Musa made it extremely wealthy through gold trade. Songhay rose after Mali declined and also relied on trade centers like Timbuktu and Gao for wealth, before being conquered by Morocco in the
Ancient Africa
This document provides a timeline and overview of major events and developments in African history from ancient times through the 1600s AD. It notes that ancient civilizations like Kush and Axum emerged in Northeast Africa as early as 2500 BC. Major empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai rose and fell in West Africa between 400-1500 AD, controlling important trade networks. The Bantu migrations spread new peoples and languages across Central and Southern Africa between 500 BC-1500 AD. East African city-states like Kilwa and Sofala flourished as trading hubs. The slave trade intensified between 1500-1800, transporting over 11 million Africans across the Atlantic.
Transsaharantradenetwork
The document discusses the Trans-Saharan trade network, which was a set of connections across the Sahara Desert that allowed for the exchange of goods like gold between Africa and the Arab world. Travel along this route was difficult, involving camels and taking two months to cross the desert. The spread of Islam in Africa was facilitated by Arab merchants and traders who brought ideas, writing, and officials along the trade routes and many Africans converted, though they also kept some of their own traditions.
Africa lecture #2
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a lecture on West African trading empires between 790-1600 CE. It discusses the rise and fall of several major empires, including Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Benin, and how the trans-Saharan gold-salt trade led to the growth of cities and spread of Islam. It also examines how increased demand for slaves in the 1500s due to European colonization of the Americas led to the devastation of the African slave trade.
Aks 35 early african civilizations
The document discusses early African civilizations and their development. It describes the Bantu migrations from West Africa starting around 3,000 BC, which spread Bantu languages and agriculture. It also summarizes the rise and fall of three West African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - including key figures like Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Additionally, it examines the trans-Saharan trade networks in gold, salt, and slaves, as well as the influential Swahili coastal trading cities. Finally, it analyzes how traditional African beliefs blended with the introduction of Islam and Christianity through religious syncretism along trade routes.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
Lesson 2 Kingdoms and Empires
The document discusses several major kingdoms and empires in Africa, including Aksum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kilwa, and Zimbabwe. It explains that these civilizations rose to power through control of trade networks, especially the trade of gold and salt. As trade brought wealth and new ideas, many African societies integrated aspects of Islam and Arab culture while also developing powerful city-states of their own. Overall, strategic control of trade routes and the taxation of goods was a major source of power for many kingdoms and empires across Africa over time.
Ch2 Explorations of Asia
This document provides an overview of European exploration and encounters with Africa and Asia between 1415-1796. It discusses how the search for spices by Europeans led to the age of exploration, including early Portuguese voyages along the coast of Africa and Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1497. It also summarizes the rise and fall of several African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes, as well as coastal trading kingdoms in West and Southern Africa.
Booklet information
Mansa Musa ruled Mali from 1312 to 1337, expanding its empire and controlling trade routes for gold and salt throughout Africa. In 1324, Mansa Musa embarked on a pilgrimage to Mecca with an enormous caravan carrying over 2 tons of gold. His spending in Cairo caused gold values to drop. Upon his return, he brought Arab scholars and architects to Timbuktu, establishing it as an Islamic learning center.
Sundiata united the Mandinka people after defeating the brutal Samanguru in battle in 1235. As the new King of Mali, Sundiata improved agriculture and introduced cotton.
Ch 7 early african
The document summarizes early African civilizations from 2000 BC to 1500 AD. It discusses the impact of Africa's diverse geography on civilization development. It describes how civilizations like Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged as powerful states due to factors like trade, leadership, and control of resources. It also outlines the migration of Bantu peoples, rise of coastal city-states, and establishment of states like Great Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The document concludes by examining aspects of traditional African society, religion, and rich cultural traditions.
Early African History
Early African history involved people living as hunter-gatherers who later began herding livestock and farming. Around 3000 BC, the Bantu migration spread Bantu people, language, culture, and technology from Nigeria to other parts of Africa. In East Africa, the Kush kingdom developed along the Nile River in Sudan in 800 BC and traded gold, ivory, and iron as far as Egypt. The Axum kingdom located in Ethiopia prospered from trade starting in the AD 300s due to its strategic location on the Red Sea. Axum converted to Christianity in the AD 300s and remained an important center of African Christianity even after losing connections to neighbors in the AD 600s. The Great Zimbabwe civilization supplied gold
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docx
The document discusses the spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins by providing demographic information about the global Muslim population, noting that approximately 20% live in sub-Saharan Africa. It then discusses the two main branches of Islam - Sunni and Shiite - and provides a brief overview of the early civilizations and influence of Islam in different regions of Africa, including West Africa along trade routes, and East Africa along coastal trading cities. Key empires discussed include Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, which benefited from the trans-Saharan gold-salt trade. The document notes that while rulers often converted to Islam, most common people retained their traditional religious beliefs. Islam introduced new cultural and political
LT Becoming African American (Africa- 1861) [Autosaved].pptx
The document provides information on the transatlantic slave trade between Africa and the Americas from the 15th to 19th centuries. It notes that millions of Africans were captured and sold into slavery by other Africans and European slave traders, with the majority coming from West Africa. Africans played a direct role in the slave trade by raiding neighboring groups and capturing prisoners of war to sell. Captured Africans faced violent marches to coastal outposts where they awaited transport in dungeons, with around half dying along the journey. Europeans justified the slave trade through doctrines like those expressed in papal bulls that allowed European powers to claim non-Christian lands and people.
The three kingdoms of west africa
The Three Kingdoms of West Africa document summarizes the rise and fall of three major West African empires - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - between 500 AD to 1600 AD. It describes how Ghana grew wealthy through gold and salt trade across the Sahara desert until its decline in the 1200s due to attacks from North Africa and overgrazing. Mali then grew to power under Mansa Musa in the 1300s, spreading Islam and education. However, Mali fell after Timbuktu's schools and mosques were destroyed in the late 1400s. Finally, Songhai rebelled against Mali in the 1400s and rose to a great empire under Askia before being conquered by Morocco
African trading kingdoms
Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. The Empire of Ghana grew wealthy from taxing the trade between North and West Africa. The Empire of Mali later invaded Ghana and established control over the salt-gold trade, becoming enormously wealthy under Mansa Musa who went on Hajj to Mecca. His pilgrimage established Mali's wealth and prominence. The trading empires grew rich from controlling the trade routes and taxing the goods that passed through their territories.
Kingdoms and trading_states_of_africa
The document provides an overview of the history and geography of Africa. It discusses the major climate regions including the Sahara desert and savannas. It describes how civilizations developed along major rivers like the Nile and Niger. Key events discussed include the Bantu migrations, rise of powerful kingdoms like Mali and Songhai in West Africa, the Aksum civilization in East Africa, and the city-state of Great Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. The document also outlines the influences and spread of religions like Christianity, Islam, and how cultural blending occurred.
Similar to Africa Review (20)
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docx
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docx
LT Becoming African American (Africa- 1861) [Autosaved].pptx
LT Becoming African American (Africa- 1861) [Autosaved].pptx
More from bbednars
Mesopotamian Empires
There were many changes in power in Mesopotamia over thousands of years as different empires rose and fell. The Hittites were the first to use iron weapons around 1600-900 BC but lost their advantage when iron technology spread. The Assyrians built a powerful militaristic empire from 850-612 BC conquering Egypt, Palestine and Mesopotamia under King Ashurbanipal and constructing a massive capital and library at Nineveh. The Chaldeans or "New Babylonians" then ruled from 612-550 BC under King Nebuchadnezzar, establishing the new capital of Babylon and building the Hanging Gardens. Finally, Cyrus the Great's Persian Empire arose from 550-
Overview of classical empires
Classical civilizations such as Greece and Rome made many contributions. In Greece, Athens and Sparta developed different forms of government - Athens becoming a direct democracy while Sparta formed an oligarchy. Greek culture spread during the Hellenistic period after the conquests of Alexander the Great. Rome grew to become a vast empire through its military strength and establishment of roads, with Latin becoming a dominant language across its territories.
Imperialism and Land-based Empires
Land-based empires like Russia, the Ottomans, and China began to decline between 1750-1900 as industrial European nations became more powerful. They faced internal issues such as population pressures, famine, corruption, and rebellions. The Crimean War showed the weakness of Russia and the Ottomans. It led both empires to attempt reforms to modernize their militaries and economies, but the Ottoman Empire continued to contract as regions broke away. In China, the Opium Wars forced unequal treaties on China and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. Rebellion and foreign domination weakened China further. Japan avoided this fate through reforms after the Meiji Restoration, adopting a constitutional government and rapidly industrializing to
Imperialism In Africa India and Australia
Industrialization in European nations drove new imperialism in the late 19th century as they sought new markets and resources. European powers colonized Africa and Asia through different models of imperial rule: settler colonies like Australia focused on controlling land and displacing indigenous peoples; economic imperialism exploited resources and trade in places like China and Africa; and colonial rule in India and parts of Africa involved administering colonies through local elites. All forms of imperialism profoundly impacted local populations through policies, trade, and culture.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed the economies and societies of Western Europe and North America between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Key developments included the increased use of steam power and mechanization in textile manufacturing. In England, the Enclosure Movement consolidated land under private ownership, disrupting traditional farming systems but increasing agricultural productivity. However, enclosure also resulted in increased poverty, depopulation of rural areas, and homelessness as many lost access to common lands. The factory system became dominant, concentrating labor and production. While innovation drove economic growth, industrialization also brought harsh working conditions, the use of child labor, and little power for workers.
DBQ Guidelines
The document provides guidelines for writing a DBQ (document-based question) essay, including instructions on annotating documents, grouping documents by theme, writing a contextualization paragraph, developing an analytical thesis, and analyzing documents. It emphasizes directly addressing the prompt question, identifying multiple themes within documents, and using evidence from the documents to support arguments.
DBQ Instructions
The document provides guidelines for writing a DBQ essay, including annotating documents, grouping documents by theme, writing a contextualization, thesis, and analyzing documents using HIPP (Historical Context, Intended Audience, Purpose, Point of View). It emphasizes directly addressing the prompt question in each part of the essay.
Russia of Russia
Here are the key labor systems during this time period in different regions:
Russia: Serfdom - Peasants were bound to landowners and required to work for them for most of the week. Could not leave the land without permission.
Western Europe: Decline of serfdom, rise of tenant farming and wage labor. Peasants gained more freedom but had to pay rent to landowners. Emergence of middle class.
Americas: Chattel slavery - Involuntary unpaid labor of Africans and their descendants. Seen as property without rights.
Japan: Peasant proprietorship - Peasants owned small plots of land and worked primarily for their own subsistence. Paid taxes to
Roman Republic Quiz PowerPoint
The document provides background information on ancient Rome and its rise as an empire. It discusses how Rome's geographic location along the Tiber River in the Italian peninsula, protected by the sea and Alps mountains, was important to its economic, social, and political development. This protected location allowed Rome to expand unopposed and engage in thriving sea trade. The legend of Romulus and Remus founding Rome on the Palatine Hill is also mentioned. Maps show Rome's location and trade routes throughout Europe, Asia, Africa and the Mediterranean world that contributed to Rome's growth as a major power.
Golden Age People
During Greece's Golden Age, advances were made in drama, mathematics, science, sculpture, history, and philosophy. In drama, Aeschylus wrote the first great tragedies including Oresteia, while Sophocles and Euripides also wrote tragedies. Aristophanes wrote the first great comedies. In history, Herodotus and Thucydides developed new standards for gathering evidence and rejecting mythology. In philosophy, Socrates used questioning to encourage examination of beliefs, while his students Plato and Aristotle founded schools and wrote works on political systems and logic. Contemporaries also made breakthroughs in medicine with Hippocrates, geometry with Euclid, mechanics with Archimedes,
Golden Age people
During Greece's Golden Age, there were major advancements in drama, mathematics, science, sculpture, history, and philosophy. In drama, Aeschylus wrote the first great tragedies including Oresteia, while Sophocles and Aristophanes wrote plays like Oedipus the King, Antigone, and The Birds. Herodotus and Thucydides were influential early historians who wrote about the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War respectively. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle made seminal contributions through the Socratic method and works like The Republic. Scientists including Thales, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, and Archimedes made discoveries in
Persian Empire
The Persian Empire was created by Cyrus the Great, who conquered a vast region from India to Anatolia. Under Darius I, the empire was divided into 20 provinces which allowed subject peoples to maintain their own laws, religion, and languages. This established a model of imperial rule based on tolerance of local customs. However, the Persians' failure to conquer Greece also marked the limits of their power.
European Middle Ages
During the European Middle Ages from 500-1500 CE:
- Feudalism emerged as centralized governments broke down and lords provided protection in exchange for labor and taxes. This dominated the political and economic system.
- The Catholic Church grew to be the most stable institution, standardizing Christianity, while tensions arose between kings and popes over political power.
- By the High Middle Ages 1000-1300 CE, stronger economies and increased agricultural production supported a revival of towns and rise of strong monarchies like France and England with the beginnings of parliamentary systems. Intellectual and cultural developments accelerated.
Communication and Trade Networks
Improved transportation and communication technologies led to increased trade volumes and expanded trade routes during the post-classical period. Existing routes like the Silk Roads and Mediterranean Sea lanes flourished as the Indian Ocean route connected Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, and China. This east-west contact along with other routes promoted the growth of powerful new trading cities and the spread of crops, technologies, and diseases around the Eastern Hemisphere. By 1000 CE, interregional connections had developed and solidified, marking a turning point towards globalization.
Mongol Empire
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and rapidly expanded their empire across Eurasia through military conquest. By 1227 at the time of Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea. The Mongols were skilled horsemen and archers whose mobile cavalry armies were able to cover great distances and defeat larger sedentary forces. Under subsequent khans like Ogedei and Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire continued expanding into parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and established the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1276. The Mongol Empire had a significant impact through facilitating trade across Eurasia and
Mongol Empire
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and rapidly expanded their empire across Eurasia through military conquest. By 1227 at the time of Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea. The Mongols were skilled horsemen and archers whose mobile cavalry armies were able to cover great distances and defeat larger sedentary forces. Under subsequent khans like Ogedei and Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire continued expanding into parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and established the Yuan Dynasty in China. The Black Death plague pandemic originated in central Asia and spread through Mongol trade routes to devast
European middle ages upload
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the decline and revival of European cities during the Middle Ages. Factors that led to urban decline included Viking invasions, the Black Death plague, a decline in agricultural production due to warfare and early feudalism, and the Little Ice Age. Factors that contributed to urban revival included the end of invasions, safer transportation enabling trade and commerce, warmer temperatures between 800-1300 CE which increased agricultural production and population, and a larger available labor force. The document prompts the reader to analyze and evaluate which factors were most significant in causing urban decline and revival.
Shang China Culture
The Shang Dynasty emerged in China between 1532-1027 BC. They were the first documented Chinese dynasty and established their main capital at Anyang. Cities were protected by earthen walls and consisted of mostly wooden structures and homes. Society was sharply divided into social classes ruled by a warrior king. The king's authority was believed to come from heaven through the Mandate of Heaven, and dynasties would rise and fall in a dynastic cycle. Writing first developed through oracle bones where priests would interpret cracks made by heat on bones or shells that kings used to consult with gods.
Indus valley
The document provides information about the Indus Valley civilization, including its emergence around 2500 BCE in the Indus River valley region of South Asia. It describes the geography of the Indian subcontinent and key features like the Indus and Ganges rivers. Details are given about the sophisticated cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, their urban planning and infrastructure. The document also notes that little is known about Indus society due to the undeciphered writing system and discusses theories for the civilization's decline, including invasion by outsiders like the Aryans.
Mesopotamian Empires
The document lists the major empires that ruled in Mesopotamia from 3500 B.C. to 330 B.C., including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Persians. It provides some key details about each empire, such as the Hittites being the first to use iron weapons, the Assyrians having a powerful military and conquering large areas, and the Persians adopting a tolerant ruling strategy allowing conquered peoples to keep their cultures. Frequent changes in ruling powers suggest this region was strategically important but also unstable, with empires rising and falling over millennia as new groups asserted control through military dominance
More from bbednars (20)
Recently uploaded
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Prelims of Diversity Quiz, conducted by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur in collaboration with Unmukt on 22 June 2024.
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
In this webinar, member learned how to stay in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for restricted grants.
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
Creation or Update of a Mandatory Field is Not Set in Odoo 17
In this slide we will discuss Creation or Updation of a mandatory field is not set in Odoo 17.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
How to Fix [Errno 98] address already in use
This slide will represent the cause of the error “[Errno 98] address already in use” and the troubleshooting steps to resolve this error in Odoo.
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
Recently uploaded (20)
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
Accounting for Restricted Grants When and How To Record Properly
Creation or Update of a Mandatory Field is Not Set in Odoo 17
Creation or Update of a Mandatory Field is Not Set in Odoo 17
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
Africa Review
- 1. African Civilization and Culture: Influenced by trade, technology and religion
- 2. Label on Africa Map Med. Sea Ethiopian Highlands Red Sea Madagascar Atlantic Ocean Sahara Desert – outline, lightly shade Indian Ocean Sahel – “Coastline” Nile River Equator Niger R. Arabian Peninsula Zambezi R. Europe Limpopo R. Asia Congo R. - Kingdom of Aksum - Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay - Zimbabwe
- 3. Africa 500 B.C. – 1500A.D.Spread of Islam Traditional Religion Importance of Family Sub-Saharan Africa Trade Extended Family = Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins Clan = All sharing common ancestors Many believed in one creator, along with Animism = spirits in animals, plants & natural forces Trans-Saharan trade allowed for spread of Islam to sub-Saharan Africa. Trans-Saharan trade routes connected Med. Sea & sub-Saharan Africa. Region of Africa below/south of Sahara Desert Quick Review Map
- 5. Africa 500 B.C. – 1500A.D. Nile Niger Congo Zambezi Limpopo
- 6. Sahara Desert • World’s largest desert • 3.5 million square miles • Next largest = Arabian – 900,000 sq. mi. • Avg. temp = 86 degrees • Hottest months = more the 120’s • Highest recorded = 136 degrees Back
- 7. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes Through West African Kingdoms Back to saltBack to Africa
- 9. Spread of Islam Throughout Africa Back
- 10. Back
- 11. Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700 Location Near Ethiopian highlands, Nile river& Red Sea - Terrace agriculture Trade Major trade kingdom between Rome & India King Ezana King of Aksum – Expanded territory, & adopted Christianity Decline Aksum displaced and declines following Muslim invasion Quick Review Map Aksum
- 12. Aksum connects Rome and India through trade Back
- 13. Terrace Farming
- 14. Steles of Aksum
- 15. Bantu Migrations – 500 B.C.-A.D. 1500 Bantu = language family 1st Bantu-speaking lived in West Africa They migrated to South & East Africa Reasons for migrations •Desertification – drying of land •Slash & burn farming depleted soil. •overpopulation http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/imaps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.h Bantus
- 18. West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in West Africa Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items = Gold and Salt! City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a large university Islam eventually becomes religion of west African kingdoms. Sahara Desert Salt Mines Gold Mines GMS Quick Review Map Mansa Musa • Great Mali King • Famous pilgrimage to Mecca
- 19. Back
- 20. Salt Mines Gold Mines Back Salt trade from the North
- 22. Mansa Musa – Great king of Mali; made pilgrimage to Mecca
- 23. Mansa Musa's famous hajj (pilgrimage) placed him in history and in the attention of the entire European and Islamic world. About the time that the Aztecs began building Tenochtitlan, the and the Ottoman Turks began the creation of their empire, Mansa Musa began his obligatory hajj to Mecca in 1324 with an impressive company. In his caravan he brought sixty-thousand people dressed in fine silk and eighty camels carrying two tons of gold. Among this throng Mansa Musa had twelve-thousand servants, five hundred of which carried staffs of gold. If this entourage had not caught the attention of the countries he crossed through, his generous giving would. Wherever he went he gave gold to the needy as given is required by a pillar of Islam. In Cairo he gave so much gold that in Egypt its value did not recover for twelve years. Back
- 24. Spread of Islam to Sub-Saharan Africa Two Mosques at Timbuktu Back
- 25. Remains of great university at Timbuktu Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, and silver from the country of the white men, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom are only to be found in Timbuktu. An old West African proverb Back
- 26. Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s Located in southeast Africa along Indian Ocean coast. Between Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers Location linked inland gold fields & Coastal trade cities Capital city = Great Zimbabwe – center of wealth and prosperity in Southeast Africa Quick Review Map Zimbabwe
- 27. Great Zimbabwe
- 28. Great Zimbabwe Capital city of Zimbabwe
- 29. Quick Review Map