This document provides an overview of the main types of tissues in the human body, including epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It describes the basic characteristics and functions of each type of tissue. For epithelial tissue, it discusses the different classifications including simple and stratified epithelia. It also reviews the key components and roles of connective tissue, including the extracellular matrix and different connective tissue types.
. Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
3. Classification of Tissues Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue: •Epithelial tissue •Connective tissue •Muscular tissue •Nervous tissue
4. Origin of Tissue A fertilized egg divides to produce 3 primary germ cell layers. These layers differentiate to form the tissues of the body.
5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells cover or line all body surfaces, cavities and tubes. So, These are called covering epithelia. Epithelial cells form the functional units of secretory glands. So, These are called glandular epithelia.
. Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
3. Classification of Tissues Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue: •Epithelial tissue •Connective tissue •Muscular tissue •Nervous tissue
4. Origin of Tissue A fertilized egg divides to produce 3 primary germ cell layers. These layers differentiate to form the tissues of the body.
5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells cover or line all body surfaces, cavities and tubes. So, These are called covering epithelia. Epithelial cells form the functional units of secretory glands. So, These are called glandular epithelia.
The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.
Blood is carried through the body via blood vessels. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, where it branches into ever-smaller vessels.
The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.
Blood is carried through the body via blood vessels. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, where it branches into ever-smaller vessels.
Biological Organization, Human Body Unit Lesson, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Orga...www.sciencepowerpoint.com
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Human Body and Health Topics Unit found at http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ . This lesson explores levels of biological organization, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and much more. Homeostasis, a bundled homework package, lesson notes, and more are included.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
2. Cells 1600’s: Robert Hooke The Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells The cell is the basic unit of structure & function of all living things All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Review of Cells C, O, H, N Interstitial fluid Made from blood All exchgsbt cells & blood made thru this fluid Nucleus Plasma membrane Cytoplasm
5. Cell Diversity Cells that: Connect body parts Fibroblast Elongated Lies along the cable-like fibers that it secretes Has lots of RER & GA to make & secrete protein bldg blocks of these fibers Erthrocyte (RBC) Carries O2 Concave disc=↑ SA Streamlined = flows easily So much O-carrying pigment is packed in that all other organelles have been removed to make room
6. Cells that: Covers & lines organs Epithelial cells Hexagonal Pack together well Many intermediat filaments wc resist tearing when rubbed/pulled Move organs & body parts Skeletal muscle & smooth muscle cells Elongated Filled w/ contractile filaments Shorten Move bones Change size of organs
7. Cells that: Store nutrients Fat cells Large & round From lg lipid droplet in cytoplasm Fight disease Macrophage (phagocytic cell) Long pseudopods sent out to infection Has many lysosomeswc digest infectious microorgs
8. Cells that: Gather info & controls body functions Nerve cell Very long Receives & transmits to other parts of body Covered w/ lg plasma membr Many rER to make parts of membr Are for reproduction Oocyte (f) Lgst cell Has many copies of all organells to distribute to daughter cells Sperm (m) Long, streamlined for “swimming” Flagellum to propel
9. Body Tissues Epithelial Tissue (epithelium) lining, covering & glandular tissue Glandular epithelium forms glands Lining & covering epith covers all free body surfaces Contains versatile cells intestine
10. Can form outer layer of skin Almost all subs that body give/receives must go thru epith Can dip in to line cavities Functions: Protection Absoption Filtration Secretion kidney
11. Special Characteristics Fit close together, forming sheets Bound together at many pts by cell junctions (desmosomes & tight junctions) Has an apical surface (unattached) Slick, smooth, microvilli, cilia Has a basement membr (lower surface) Secreted by both epithel cells & connective tissue cells next to it Avascular (lack own blood supply) Depends on diffusion from capillaries for nutrients & O2 Easily self regenerates
12. Classification of Epithelium 2 names First: = number of cell layers it has Simple epith= one layer Stratified epith=more than one cell layer Second = describe the shape of its cells Squamous = flat Cuboidal = cube Columnar = columns Stratified epith named for apical surface
13. Simple Epithelia Thin layer ≠ protection =absorption, secretion, filtration Simple Squamous Rests on basement layer Air sacs Walls of capillaries Simple Cuboidal Rests on basement layer In glands and ducts Salivary glands, pancreas, walls of kidney tubules, surface of ovaries Simple Columnar Tall Goblet cells Product lubricating mucus Entire length of digestive tract (stomach to anus) Line body cavities open to body exterior = mucosae/mucus membranes
14. Pseudostratified columnar Rests on basement membr BUT: some cells shorter than others Nuclei at diff heights False impression that it is stratified Absorption/secretion Ciliated variety = lines resp tract Goblet cells traps dust/debris
15. Stratified Epithelia More durable = protection Stratified Squamous Most common stratepith Apical = squamous Basement memb = cub or col Subject to abuse/friction Esophagus, mouth, outer skin
16. Stratified Cuboidal Usually just 2 layers At least apical cells cub Stratified Columnar Apical cells col Basal cells vary in size & shape Both fairly rare Mainly in ducts of lg glands
17. Transitional Epithelium Highly modified stratified squamousepith Forms lining of only few organs Urinary bladder, ureters & parts of urethra Subject to considerable stretching Basal layer cub or col Apical cells vary Not Stretched = membr many layered, surface cells rounded/domed Stretched = (w/urine) epith thins, surface cells flatten & become squamous-like Allows cells to slip past ea other & chg shape (=transition)
18. Glandular Epithelium Gland=make & secrete a specific product = secretion 2 Major Types of Glands Endocrine glands Lose connection to surface (duct) = ductless All hormones Secretions diffuse directly into blood vessels Thyroid, adrenals & pituitary
19. Exocrine Glands Have ducts where secretion occurs to surface Sweat & oil glands, liver & pancreas Both internal & external
20. Connective Tissue Connects body parts Everywhere, most abundant & distributed tissue Protecting, supporting & binding together other body tissues
21. Characteristics Variations in blood supply Most well vascularized Tendons & ligaments = poor blood supply Cartilages = avascular = slow to heal Would you rather break a bone or tear a ligament?
22. Extracellular Matrix made of many diff types of cells & varying amts of nonliving substance outside the cells = extracellular matrix
23. Extracellular Matrix Made by CT then secreted to outside 2 main elements Structureless ground substance fibers Ground substance = mostly water plus adhesion proteins (“glue”) and lg charged polysaccharide molecule (will trap water as they intertwine) Matrix can be very fluid, gel-like, firm, rock hard
24. Fibers = various types & amts Include: collagen = white, hi tensile strength Elastic = yellow Reticular = fine collagen fibers wc form internal “skeleton” of soft organs (spleen)
25. Due to the extracellular matrix, connective tissue is able to form soft packaging tissue around organs bear weight w/stand stretching w/stand abuse/abrasion w/c other tissues couldn’t
26. Variations of connective tissue One extreme to another Fat tissue = many cells, matrix is soft Bone & cartilage = few cells, very hard matrix (strong)
27. Types of Connective Tissue Bone (osseous) = bone cells in lacunae (pits) surrounded by very hard matrix matrix contains Ca salts & lg amts of collagen fibers Excellent protection & support
28. Cartilage =less hard, more flexible only in a few places most common = hyaline cartilage (glassy) Many collagen fibers in rubbery matrix Forms supporting structures Larynx Ribs to breastbone Ends of bones at joints Fetus = mostly hyaline, replaced by bone by birth Fibrocartilage Highly compressible Disks bt vertebrae Elastic cartilage ear
29. Dense Connective Tissue Main matrix element = collagen fibers (in rows w/fibroblasts) Forms strong rope-like structures Tendons (m2b) Ligaments (b2b) More elastic/stretchy Lower layer of skin (dermis) = in sheets
30. Loose CT Softer More cells, fewer fibers (except blood) Areolar tissue Soft/cobwebby Cushions/protects organs ‘glue’ wc holds organs in their positions Fluid matrix w/all types of fibers Appears to be empty space A resevoir of water & salts for all other cells to get nutrients and dispose of “wastes” Adipose tissue Reticular CT
31. Adipose tissue Fat Mostly oil… pushes nucleus to one side Beneath skin Insulates/protects Kidneys surrounded Cushions eye in socket For fuel if needed Reticular CT Interwoven reticular fibers Limited sites: stroma to support free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
32. Loose connective tissue types Reticular connective tissue Delicate network of interwoven fibers Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow
33. Blood (vascular tissue) Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma Fibers are visible during clotting Functions as the transport vehicle for materials
34. Muscle Tissue Function is to produce movement Three types Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle
35. Muscle Tissue Types Skeletal muscle Under voluntary control Contracts to pull on bones or skin Produces gross body movements or facial expressions Characteristics of skeletal muscle cells Striated Multinucleate (more than one nucleus) Long, cylindrical
36. Cardiac muscle Under involuntary control Found only in the heart Function is to pump blood Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells Cells are attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks Striated One nucleus per cell
37. Smooth muscle Under involuntary muscle Found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels Characteristics of smooth muscle cells No visible striations One nucleus per cell Spindle-shaped cells
38. Nervous Tissue Composed of neurons and nerve support cells Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body Irritability Conductivity
39. Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) Regeneration Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells Fibrosis Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue) Determination of method Type of tissue damaged Severity of the injury
40. Events in Tissue Repair Capillaries become very permeable Introduce clotting proteins A clot walls off the injured area Formation of granulation tissue Growth of new capillaries Rebuild collagen fibers Regeneration of surface epithelium Scab detaches
41. Regeneration of Tissues Tissues that regenerate easily Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes) Fibrous connective tissues and bone Tissues that regenerate poorly Skeletal muscle Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord
42. Developmental Aspects of Tissue Epithelial tissue arises from all three primary germ layers Muscle and connective tissue arise from the mesoderm Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm With old age, there is a decrease in mass and viability in most tissues