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Blood vessels
- 1. Human Anatomy BloodVessels Pavemedicine.com
- 2. Direction of Flow Heart to aorta to arteries to arterioles to capillaries. Capillaries to venules to veins to vena cava to heart.
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- 5. • Capillaries formMicrocirculation • Microscopic vessels that connect arterioles to venules • Found near every cell in the body but more extensive in highly active tissue (muscles, liver, kidneys & brain) •entire capillary bed fills with blood when tissue is active •lacking in epithelia, cornea and lens of eye & cartilage • Function is exchange of nutrients & wastes between blood and tissue fluid • Structure is single layer of simple squamous epithelium and its basement membrane
- 6. Capillaries: 1. Continuous 2. Fenestrated 3. Sinusoid
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- 8. Blood Distribution 12% pulmonary vessels 8 % = heart 15% = systemic arteries and arterioles 5% = capillaries 60% = systemic veins and venules
- 10. Venous flow occursby: 1. muscle contraction 2. respiratory pump 3. valve assistance 4. Ventricular relaxation
- 11. Varicose Veins Twisted, dilated superficial veins caused by leaky venous valves congenital or mechanically stressed from prolonged standing or pregnancy allow backflow and pooling of blood extra pressure forces fluids into surrounding tissues nearby tissue is inflamed and tender Deeper veins not susceptible because of support of surrounding muscles
- 12. Anastomoses Unionof 2 or more arteries supplying the same body region blockage of only one pathway has no effect circle of willis underneath brain coronary circulation of heart Alternate route of blood flow through an anastomosis is known as collateral circulation can occur in veins and venules as well Alternate routes to a region can also be supplied by nonanastomosing vessels
- 14. Pulse Pressure Pulse pressure = systole - diastole MAP = diastolic pressure + pulse pressure/3 MAP = mean arterial pressure MAPB = diastole + 1/3 (systole – diastole) MAPB = mean arterial blood pressure
- 17. Blood Pressure Influencedby: Peripheral resistance Heart efficiency Blood viscosity Total blood vessel length Arteriole elasticity Blood volume
- 20. Hormones that affectBP Renin angiotensin Epinephrine and norepinephrine Antidiuretic hormone Atrial natriuretic peptide
- 22. Autoregulation of BP Physical changes Vasodilating and constricting chemicals
- 27. Major Branches ofthe Aorta Coronary arteries Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian Celiac Superior mesenteric artery Renals Ovarian / testicular Inferior mesenteric
- 28. Minor Branches ofthe Aorta Pericardial Thoracic Bronchial Lumbar Esophageal Suprarenal Mediastinal Intercostal Phrenic
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- 44. Arterial supply andvenous drainage of the liver
- 51. Hypertension Systole> 140 Diastole > 90 Causes: diet high in fat and sodium, obesity, older age, race, heredity, stress, and smoking.
- 52. Words to Learn Aneurysm Shock Angiogram Sphygmomanometer Diuretic Korotkoff sounds Phlebitis Angiogenesis Phlebotomy Hypotension Thrombophlebitis Occlusion Syncope White Coat Hypertension Tachycardia Edema