Tissue and cell publication recognition (2013)
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This certificate of publication is for an article titled "Protective Role of Antioxidants on Thioacetamide-induced Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy: Biochemical and Ultrastructural study" published in Volume 45, Issue 5 of Tissue And Cell in 2013. The article was authored by Hesham N Mustafa, SA El Awdan, and GA Hegazy.
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Materials and methods:
Brachial plexus was dissected in 40 upper limbs of 20 male adult cadavers. The pattern of the musculocutaneous nerve was photographed by a digital camera.
Results:
The location and length of the nerve branches between left and right arms were recorded and statistically analyzed. In (90%) of specimens the MCN originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, in (5%) it arose from the median nerve (MN), while in the remaining (5%) specimen, it was absent. The musculocutaneous nerve pierced the coracobrachialis muscle in 90% of specimens, and in the remaining (10%) did not pierce it. The motor branches to biceps brachii muscle were categorized into: Type 1 (90%): one branch that divides to supply the two heads of biceps; Type 2 (5%): double branches, innervating each head of biceps separately. The motor branches to brachialis muscle were categorized into: Type 1 (82.9%): one branch; Type 2 (14.2%): double branches and Type 3 (2.9%): three branches that innervating brachialis muscle. Communications between the MCN and the MN were observed in 35% of specimens.
Conclusions:
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Background:
The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is a true well-defined ligament in the knee first described in 1879 by Segond. After the work of Claes et al., several studies were conducted about biomechanics and its role in stability of the knee. The anatomical existence of the ALL has been studied by and various radiographic diagnostic modalities and in cadavers. It originates from lateral femoral epicondyle and is inserted between Gerdy’s tubercle and the fibular head. There has been controversy about the existence of ALL in pediatric patients. The aim of this work was to confirm the presence of ALL in pediatric patients by using MRI.
Materials and Methods:
We reviewed the knee MRI scans of 100 pediatric patients (ages between one and 12 yr) who had no knee injury or congenital deformity and had been evaluated by an expert radiologist.
Results:
The ALL was detected in 90% of the pediatric patients with the use of MRI.
Conclusions:
The main finding of this study was that ALL can be seen in pediatric patients using MRI. Despite numerous studies, additional research is needed to further define the role of the ALL in knee function.
Level of Evidence:
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Protective effect of garlic extract against maternal and fetal cerebellar dam...
Protective effect of garlic extract against maternal and fetal cerebellar dam...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Background: In spite of its industrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilisation of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic. In light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and foetal cerebellar damage produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.
Materials and methods: Positively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.w. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/kg b.w./day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 to day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrificed to obtain the foetuses. Pb level in the maternal and foetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and foetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.
Results: The results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and foetuses in the form of decrease in maternal weight gain, placental and foetal weights, brain weight and diminished foetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared with the control group. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and foetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of development of foetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.
Conclusions: This study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of foetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and foetuses. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 1-15).
Keywords: Purkinje cells; garlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead.Protective role of co q10 or l carnitine on the integrity of the myocardium i...
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Background:
The mortality rate of elderly patients who sustain a hip fracture is high compared to the general population. Identifying risk factors can help predict patients at risk of hip fracture to reduce the mortality rate. No studies have shown the mortality rate of patients with hip fractures in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the mortality of patients with hip fractures admitted to the King Abdulaziz Hospital and compare the results with other studies.
Methods:
The mortality rate (within 1 yr or less) in 177 patients over the age of 60 yr who were admitted to the university hospital between July, 2007, and September, 2012, with hip fractures was retrospectively studied. The patients were assessed with regard to gender, age, type of hip fracture, and type of surgical intervention.
Results:
The overall mortality rate 1 yr after hip fracture was 12.43%, and the mean age was 77.77 yr old. The risk factors most associated with mortality were as follows: advanced age (71 to 80 and 81 to 90 yr old), male, peritrochanteric (extracapsular) fracture, and operative fixation with dynamic hip screw.
Conclusions:
The mortality rate of patients with hip fractures within 1 yr has a high-risk potential, especially for male patients over 71 yr of age with peritrochanteric (extracapsular) fractures. Surgical treatment with dynamic hip screw also was shown to be a risk factor between the different treatment options.
Level of Evidence:
Level IV.Biomarkers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis diseases ac...
Biomarkers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis diseases ac...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorders characterized by a large spectrum of clinical and laboratory features. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible use of serum level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2Ra) as biomarkers for monitoring of SLE and SSc disease activity. Moreover, it aimed to compare the specificity and sensitivity as well as cut-off value of both biomarkers in a sample of Egyptian patients. 50 SLE patients, 30 SSc patients and 60 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study. sICAM-1and sIL-2Ra were measured in serum samples obtained from all participants. In addition to Erythosedimentation rate (ESR), complete blood count (CBC), Antineuclearantibodies (ANA) estimation, disease activity of both diseases were also assessed. sICAM-1and sIL-2Ra levels were higher in SLE and SSc patients versus control. Both parameters are correlated with each other as well as the activity parameters. A cut-off levels of 455.59 (ng/ml) &2525935 (pg/ml) in both SLE & SSs respectively was observed with the highest specificity and sensitivity. It could be concluded that sICAM-1 and sIL-2Ra are noninvasive biomarkers for SLE and SSc that could play a pathophysiologic role in development and progression of both diseases. Moreover, sICAM-1 and sIL-2Ra are correlated with the disease activity at cut-off values of 455.59 (ng/ml) & 2525935(pg/ml) respectively.Morphohistometric study of the ligamentum flavum in cervical,thoracic and lum...
Morphohistometric study of the ligamentum flavum in cervical,thoracic and lum...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
ABSTRACT Anatomic characterization and fine structure of the human ligamentum flavum (LF), especially at different spinal levels, represent an attractive focus for the scientific and surgical application. Descrip-tive anatomical and structural study of LF at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar levels of the vertebral column in human cadavers is carried out here. The aim of the work is to clarify the anatomical features and fine structural differences in the human LF at different vertebral levels (cervical, thoracic and lumbar). Specimens of vertebral column were ob-tained from 34 human preserved cadavers. Their average age ranged between 56 and 69 years. Morphometric parameters including height, width and thickness of the ligament flavum at the mid-levels of cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions were measured. Sections obtained from different levels were stained with different stains. Morpho-metric measurements involved the relative elastic area, relative collagen area, elastic area% and collagen area% were measured.The results of the height, width and thickness of the LF at different spinal levels showed gradual increase in their mean values respectively. The LF midline gaps were found in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. The morphometrical measure-ments showed that the average elastic area was highest in the cervical region and lowest in the tho-racic region. In the lumbar region, the percentages of both elastic area and the collagen area were nearly the same. The characterization of morpho-logical and histological aspects of the LF at differ-ent spinal levels will be of great importance for ap-plications in spinal surgery, biomechanical and physical rehabilitation of vertebral column.Keywords: Ligamentum Flavum – Spinal – Collagen and elastic fibersCorrelation between acl injury and involvement of the anterolateral ligament ...
Correlation between acl injury and involvement of the anterolateral ligament ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Background:
Clinical testing has demonstrated the role of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in controlling anterolateral laxity and knee instability at high angles of flexion. Few studies have discussed the association between an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ALL injury, specifically after residual internal rotation and a post-ACL reconstruction positive pivot-shift that could be attributed to ALL injury. The goal of this study was to assess the correlation between ALL injury and ALL injury with concomitant ACL injury using MRI.
Material and Methods:
This was a retrospective study of 246 patients with unilateral ACL knee injuries from a database that was reexamined to identify whether ALL injuries occurred in association with ACL injuries. We excluded the postoperative reconstructed cases. The charts were reviewed on the basis of the presence or absence of diagnosed ACL injury with no regard for age or sex.
Results:
Of the 246 patients with ACL injury, there were 165 (67.1%) patients with complete tears, 55 (22.4%) with partial tears, and 26 (10.6%) with sprains. There were 176 (71.5%) patients with ALL and associated ACL injuries, whereas 70 (28.5%) did not have associated ACL injuries. There was a significant statistical relationship between ACL and ALL injuries (P<0.0001).
Conclusions:
There is high incidence of ALL tears associated with ACL injuries. Clinicians should be aware of this injury and consider the possibility of simultaneous ALL and ACL repair to prevent further knee instability.
Level of Evidence:
Level IV.Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, a setting in which the functional mass is ...
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, a setting in which the functional mass is ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
The document discusses a study on the effects of the phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitor tadalafil on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. The study found that tadalafil treatment before ischemia/reperfusion injury helped restore normal liver enzyme levels, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in liver tissue, and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Histological analysis also showed tadalafil treatment helped protect against liver damage. The findings suggest that modulating the inflammatory response may be one mechanism by which tadalafil provides hepatoprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.Neuro-amelioration of cinnamaldehyde in aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease ...
Neuro-amelioration of cinnamaldehyde in aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxic substance which has played an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis, and development of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. This study was carried out to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of aqueous cinnamon extract against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer’s disease. Forty adult male albino rats, randomly divided into four equal groups. Control group; ACE200 group administered aqueous cinnamon extract (ACE) orally; AlCl3 group received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of AlCl3 for 60 days to induce neurotoxicity and AlCl3 + ACE200 group received a combination of AlCl3 and ACE in the same dose and route as previous groups. Aluminum administration significantly enhanced the memory impairment and the Aβ formation in the rat model. The cerebellum exhibited a significant reduced number of Purkinje cells, marked decrease in the density of dendritic arborization and prominent perineuronal spaces in the molecular layer. There was loss of dendritic spines, neurofibrillary degeneration, and appearance of neuritic plaques. Concomitant administration of AlCl3 and ACE displayed an observable protection against these changes with progressive improvement in memory and intellectual performance. In conclusion, ACE may play a protective role against formation of amyloid-β plaques in cerebellum.Analytical Study of Clinicopathological Data of Saudi Patients with Osteoarth...
Analytical Study of Clinicopathological Data of Saudi Patients with Osteoarth...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
SUMMARY: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disabling disease. Epidemiological studies have revealed various risk
factors for OA, including sex, aging, obesity, occupational illnesses, and chronic diseases. Here we evaluate the clinical, pathological,
and radiological findings of knee OA in a subset of Saudi patients who were subjected to total knee replacement (TKA). The study
population included 30 Saudi patients with knee OA who were operated by TKA (from June 2014 to December 2015) in the Department
of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Patient’s clinical and radiological data were collected
from the hospital files. Pathological examination of the excised superior articular surface of tibia and femoral condyles were done.
Pearson Chi-squared analysis was used to test for differences between the variables in associated risk factors. There were more women
than men. Sixty per cent of patients were older than 60 years [mean age, 59.2 (females) and 61.7 (men) years-old]. All patients exceeded
obesity class 1, with females being more obese than males. Pathological examination of the superior articular surface of tibia and femoral
condyles showed high score lesions, which was more apparent in females than in males. Radiological findings showed that most lesions
were high grade. The findings of this study will help to understand the pathogenesis of OA and improve treatment decision making
relevant to TKA in knee OA in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.
KEY WORDS: Osteoarthritis; Knee; Arthroplasty.A Study on the Toxic Effect of Different Doses of Diclofenac Sodium on the De...
A Study on the Toxic Effect of Different Doses of Diclofenac Sodium on the De...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
SUMMARY: The toxic effects of different doses of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the kidney on the postnatal period (0-7 days) by
morphometrical and immunohistochemical methods were investigated. For this purpose, 15 female adult wistar albino rats were used and
divided into 5 main groups. Group Ia served as normal control, physiologic group Ib received normal saline, group II received low dose (3.9
mg/kg), group III received medium dose (9 mg/kg) and group IV received high dose (18 mg/kg). Male offspring’s from 0-7 days after birth
were used in this study. On the 8th day of postnatal life, all animals were anesthetized. Then, the kidney samples were analyzed. Haematoxylin
and eosin staining showed degeneration and necrosis, apparent atrophy of the glomeruli, mononuclear cell infiltration, congested vessels,
increased fibrous tissue and distortion of the proximal convoluted tubules with interruption of the brush margin of the DS treated group.
Increased level of Caspase-3 and upregulation of TNF-α with different doses of DS. In light of our findings, DS may lead to adverse effects
that are dose-dependent in the prenatal subjected kidney to this drug.
KEY WORDS: Diclofenac sodium; Proximal convoluted tubules; Apoptosis;Cyclooxygenase.Thymoquinone ameliorates oxidative damage and histopathological changes of de...
Thymoquinone ameliorates oxidative damage and histopathological changes of de...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
ABSTRACT
Lead (Pb) toxicity is known to be a chief environmental health issue, especially for pregnant
women and young children. Today, the use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of many diseases
and different toxic agents has become highly accepted due to their effectiveness and lower costs.
Thymoquinone (TQ), which is extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, is a potent antioxidant and anti
inflammatory agent. This study was designed to explore the optional protectivity of TQ against
maternal and fetal oxidative stress and brain damage induced by Pb administration. Pregnant
rats were distributed into seven groups: control group, TQ group, DMSO group, two groups Pb
treated (160 and 320 ppm), and two groups Pb-treated (160 and 320 ppm) co-treated with TQ.
Administration started from gestation day 1 (GD1) to day 20 (GD20) through oral gavage once
daily. Lead administration caused a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses. Also,
the histopathological assessment of the brains from Pb-treated groups showed marked altera
tions. Co-treatment of with TQ and Pb caused a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared
with those treated with Pb alone and amelioration of histopathological changes in the brains. It
was concluded that co-treatment of TQ along with gestational Pb exposure could mitigate the
effects against Pb-induced maternal and fetal neurotoxicity.
KEYWORDS
Lead; oxidative stress; brain;
Thymoquinone; fetal toxicityA study on the toxic effect of different doses of Diclofenac sodium on the de...
A study on the toxic effect of different doses of Diclofenac sodium on the de...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
The toxic effects of different doses of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the kidney on the postnatal period (0-7 days) by morphometrical and immunohistochemical methods were investigated. For this purpose, 15 female adult wistar albino rats were used and divided into 5 main groups. Group Ia served as normal control, physiologic group Ib received normal saline, group II received low dose (3.9 mg/kg), group III received medium dose (9 mg/kg) and group IV received high dose (18 mg/kg). Male offspring’s from 0-7 days after birth were used in this study. On the 8th day of postnatal life, all animals were anesthetized. Then, the kidney samples were analyzed. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed degeneration and necrosis, apparent atrophy of the glomeruli, mononuclear cell infiltration, congested vessels, increased fibrous tissue and distortion of the proximal convoluted tubules with interruption of the brush margin of the DS treated group. Increased level of Caspase-3 and upregulation of TNF-α with different doses of DS. In light of our findings, DS may lead to adverse effects that are dose-dependent in the prenatal subjected kidney to this drug.
Keywords : Diclofenac sodium; Proximal convoluted tubules; Apoptosis; Cyclooxygenase.Zingiber Officinale Alleviates Maternal and Fetal Hepatorenal Toxicity Induce...
Zingiber Officinale Alleviates Maternal and Fetal Hepatorenal Toxicity Induce...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
This study was designed to address the protective effects of Zingiber officinale on the toxic outcomes of prenatal Cadmium administration on pregnancy outcome. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats/each), control group received distilled water, 2nd group treated with 8.8 mg of CdCl2/kg b. wt, 3rd group treated with 250 mg of Zingiber officinale/kg b. wt, and 4th group treated with 250 mg of Zingiber officinale/kg b. wt, followed by 8.8 mg of CdCl2/kg b.wt. Daily body weight of pregnant was recorded from GD1-GD20, and then pregnant rats were sacrificed at GD20. Samples of maternal and fetal livers and kidneys were processed for histological examination. Administration of Cd to pregnant rats showed adverse effects on pregnant mothers and their fetuses; reduced maternal weight gain, reduced absolute organ weights, reduced fetal growth parameters and placental weights together with altered histological appearance of the maternal and fetal livers and kidneys. While co-administration of Zingiber officinale showed an improvement of these toxic alterations. Zingiber officinale through its antioxidant activity could be beneficial against toxic outcomes of Cd exposure during pregnancy.Evaluation of the safety of conventional lighting replacement by artificial d...
Evaluation of the safety of conventional lighting replacement by artificial d...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Background
Short morning exposure to high illuminance visible electromagnetic radiations termed as artificial daylight is beneficial for the mental health of people living in geographical areas with important seasonal changes in daylight illuminance. However, the commercial success of high illuminance light sources has raised the question of the safety of long hour exposure.
Methods
We have investigated the effect of the replacement of natural daylight by artificial daylight in Swiss mice raised under natural lighting conditions. Mice were monitored for neurotoxicity and general health changes. They were submitted to a battery of conventional tests for mood, motor and cognitive functions’ assessment on exposure day (ED) 14 and ED20. Following sacrifice on ED21 due to marked signs of neurotoxicity, the expression of markers of inflammation and apoptosis was assessed in the entorhinal cortex and neurons were estimated in the hippocampal formation.
Results
Signs of severe cognitive and motor impairments, mood disorders, and hepatotoxicity were observed in animals exposed to artificial daylight on ED20, unlike on ED14 and unlike groups exposed to natural daylight or conventional lighting. Activated microglia and astrocytes were observed in the entorhinal cortex, as well as dead and dying neurons. Neuronal counts revealed massive neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation.
Conclusions
These results suggest that long hour exposure to high illuminance visible electromagnetic radiations induced severe alterations in brain function and general health in mice partly mediated by damages to the neocortex-entorhinal cortex-hippocampus axis. These findings raise caution over long hour use of high illuminance artificial light.The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative StressBeneficial Effects of Curcumin Inmaternal and Fetal Oxidativestress and Brain...
Beneficial Effects of Curcumin Inmaternal and Fetal Oxidativestress and Brain...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
This study investigated the protective effects of curcumin against lead-induced oxidative stress and brain damage in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Pregnant rats were exposed to two doses of lead acetate, with or without curcumin supplementation. Lead exposure resulted in toxicity for both mothers and fetuses, as well as increased oxidative stress and brain histopathology. Co-treatment with curcumin significantly reduced lead levels and oxidative stress, and improved brain histopathology. The results suggest that curcumin has an ameliorative effect against lead-induced neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and reversing tissue damage.More from Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa (20)
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