The document discusses oxidative stress and antioxidants. It provides information on:
1. Indian Dental Academy which offers online and offline dental courses and is a leader in continuing dental education.
2. How free radicals can damage cells, proteins, lipids, DNA and cause diseases. Antioxidants help prevent this damage.
3. Various antioxidants found in foods and their roles in reducing oxidative stress and preventing diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials on antioxidants have had inconsistent results.
To sum up, the risk/benefit ratio should be always weighed before prescribing antibiotics.
Appropriately selected patients will benefit from systemically administered antibiotics.
A restrictive and conservative use of antibiotics is highly recommended in endodontic practice, but indiscriminate use is contrary to sound clinical practice
Future generations will thank us for today’s conscientious and judicious use of antibiotics
Remineralization is defined as the process whereby calcium and phosphate ions are supplied from an external source to the tooth thereby, causing ion deposition into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, thus producing net mineral gain.
Remineralization Agents - Biomimetic approaches to stabilization of bioavailable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions and the localization of these ions to non-cavitated caries lesions for controlled remineralization.
Fermentable carbohydrates provide plaque bacteria with substrate for acid production.
This causes a rapid drop in plaque pH and when pH becomes less than 5.5, hydroxyapatite in enamel breaks down and calcium and phosphate ions diffuse out from the enamel.
5.5 is the “critical pH”, the point where equilibrium exists. There is no mineral dissolution and no mineral precipitation.
The plaque remains acidic for about 30-60 minutes after which normal pH is restored gradually.
The calcium and phosphate ions re-enter enamel when normal pH is restored and thus remineralization occurs.
To sum up, the risk/benefit ratio should be always weighed before prescribing antibiotics.
Appropriately selected patients will benefit from systemically administered antibiotics.
A restrictive and conservative use of antibiotics is highly recommended in endodontic practice, but indiscriminate use is contrary to sound clinical practice
Future generations will thank us for today’s conscientious and judicious use of antibiotics
Remineralization is defined as the process whereby calcium and phosphate ions are supplied from an external source to the tooth thereby, causing ion deposition into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, thus producing net mineral gain.
Remineralization Agents - Biomimetic approaches to stabilization of bioavailable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions and the localization of these ions to non-cavitated caries lesions for controlled remineralization.
Fermentable carbohydrates provide plaque bacteria with substrate for acid production.
This causes a rapid drop in plaque pH and when pH becomes less than 5.5, hydroxyapatite in enamel breaks down and calcium and phosphate ions diffuse out from the enamel.
5.5 is the “critical pH”, the point where equilibrium exists. There is no mineral dissolution and no mineral precipitation.
The plaque remains acidic for about 30-60 minutes after which normal pH is restored gradually.
The calcium and phosphate ions re-enter enamel when normal pH is restored and thus remineralization occurs.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
An inlay may cap none, or may cap all but one cusp.
Sturdevant’s 4th ed. page579
Inlays may be used as single-tooth restorations for proximo-occlusal or gingival lesions with minimal to moderate extensions
Shillingburg page 1
An inlay may be defined as a restoration which has been constructed out of mouth from gold, porcelain, or other material & then cemented into the prepared cavity of a tooth.
William McGehee pg410
Saliva - applied physiology and its role in dental cariesKarishma Sirimulla
this seminar includes formation of saliva,factors effecting salivary flow,various conditions associated with flow of saliva and most importantly role of saliva in dental caries.remineralization and demineralization balance maintained by saliva
Antioxidants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Antioxidants/ general dentistry Courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
An inlay may cap none, or may cap all but one cusp.
Sturdevant’s 4th ed. page579
Inlays may be used as single-tooth restorations for proximo-occlusal or gingival lesions with minimal to moderate extensions
Shillingburg page 1
An inlay may be defined as a restoration which has been constructed out of mouth from gold, porcelain, or other material & then cemented into the prepared cavity of a tooth.
William McGehee pg410
Saliva - applied physiology and its role in dental cariesKarishma Sirimulla
this seminar includes formation of saliva,factors effecting salivary flow,various conditions associated with flow of saliva and most importantly role of saliva in dental caries.remineralization and demineralization balance maintained by saliva
Antioxidants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Antioxidants/ general dentistry Courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Antioxidants are substances that may prevent potentially disease-producing cell damage that can result from natural bodily processes and from exposure to certain chemicals.
Global Medical Cures™ | ANTIOXIDANTS- Get the Facts!
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Discover the healing effects of molecular hydrogen and how hydrogen-rich water may help to reduce the side-effects of cancer patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
ROLE OF NUTRACEUTICAL IN ALZHEIER'S DISEASEJOSU PJ
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurocognitive disease characterized by memory loss, language deterioration, impaired ability to mentally manipulate visual information, poor judgment, confusion, restlessness, and mood swings.
Free radicals are very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell.
In this presentation, Dr. Cady builds on previous lectures dealing with anti-oxidants and vitamin, mineral, and soil depletion to add discussions of vinpocetine and Bacopa monieri, as well as a discussion of the Medhya Rasayana approach from centuries old Aryuvedic practice in India. There is an emphasis on obtaining solid multivitamin, multi-mineral, and antioxidant support. References for two supplements lines (Physiologics and Metagenics) are given.
Therapeutic Roles of Medicinal Herbs for the Treatment of Jaundice and Hepati...ijtsrd
In the developing countries like India, understating of traditional medicine or medicinal plants is very important for the welfare of rural and tribal communities in the treatment of conventional illness. In the last several years the use of medicinal plants has been on rise across the world, including India. The liver diseases like Jaundice, Hepatitis B have been classically treated by several medicinal plants. Clinical treatment of Jaundice patients by the alternative approach of herbal medication is increasing day by day. Healthcare professionals are also advising the use of herbal medicines. The objective of our present work is to give an elaborate idea about jaundice, its occurrence, and the medicines which causes heptotoxicity and what is the present trend in the research of medicinal plants accredited with hepato protective activities. It is very much beneficial in the identification and the development of relevant compounds or medicinal plant products which are valuable in the treatment of Jaundice and Hepatitis B. Pankaj Varshney | Dr. Kailash Bhargava "Therapeutic Roles of Medicinal Herbs for the Treatment of Jaundice and Hepatitis-B" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/50100/therapeutic-roles-of-medicinal-herbs-for-the-treatment-of-jaundice-and-hepatitisb/pankaj-varshney
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
5. Oxidant-electron acceptor in an oxidation-
reaction.
Oxidation-a chemical reaction in which electrons
from one reactant are transferred to the other
reactant.
Oxidative stress-a pathological change seen in
a living organism in response to excessive levels
of cytotoxic oxidants & free radicals in the
environment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Free radicals-
unpaired electrons
,highly reactive &
unstable enters into
reaction with
inorganic/organic
chemicals-
PROTEINS,LIPIDS,CH
O,particularly molecules
in membranes & nucleic
acids.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Chain breaking reactions.eg.alpho
tocopherol,acts in lipid phase to trap”ROD”
radical.
Reducing the conctn of ROS.eg.glutathione
Scavenging initiating radicals.eg.superoxide
dismutase,acts in aqueous phase to trap
superoxide free radicals.
Chelating the transition metal catalysts.
Eg: Transferrin,to check iron induced stress
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Enzymes Antioxidant
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
MitochondrialCytoplasmic Extracellular
Role :Dismutates O2
·⁻
to H2O2 .
Remarks :Contains Manganese (Mn.SOD) ,
Copper & Zinc (CuZnSOD),Copper (CuSOD)
Catalase :Dismutates H2O2 to H2O .Tetrameric
hemoprotein present in peroxisomes.
Glutathione peroxidase (GSH.Px) ..Removes
H2O2 and lipid peroxides .
Selenoproteins (contains Se2+
) Primarily in the
cytosol also mitochondria .Uses GSHwww.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Vitamins
Alpha tocopherol :Breaks lipid peroxidation Lipid
peroxide and O2
·⁻
and ·OH scavenger .Fat soluble
vitamin.
Beta carotene: Scavenges ·OH, O2
·⁻
and peroxy
radicals Prevents oxidation of vitamin A Binds to
transition metals.
Ascorbic acid :Directly scavenges O2
·⁻
, ·OH, and
H2O2, Neutralizes oxidants from stimulated
neutrophils .Contributes to regeneration of vitamin
E Water soluble vitamin
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Retinoids- have antioxidant properties(Prasad,89)but
main function as antiproliferatives.
CoQ10-Ubiquinone,found in all living cells.Has
antioxidant and enhances immune defenses.
Albumin-scavenges free radcals(Halliwlel,94)
Drugs-antioxidant effects(Reilly et al,91)xanthine
oxidase inhibitors,eg allopurinol,folic acid,
NADPH inhibitors.eg.adenosine,calcium channel blocker
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15. Selenium - protective role against cancer (Schwartz and
Foltz,1957)
Nutrition role of selenium - essential component of
enzyme glutathione peroxidase- participate in AO
protection of cells(Rotruck et- al , 1973)
Anticarcinogenic effect of SE- se supplements -reduce
cancer risk, acts as modifier of cancer risk.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. *Beta Carotene: in foods that are orange in color such as
sweet potatoes, carrots, cantaloupe, squash, pumpkin and
mangos as well as in some green leafy vegetables
*Lutein: in green leafy vegetables such as collard greens,
spinach, and kale
*Lycopene: in tomatoes, watermelon, papaya, apricots, and
pink grapefruit
*Selenium: in rice, wheat and brazil nuts
*Vitamin A: in liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, milk, egg yolks
and mozzarella cheese
*Vitamin C: in fruits and vegetables, cereals, beef, poultry
and fish
*Vitamin E: in almonds, wheat germ, safflower, corn, and
soybean oils, mangos, nuts, and broccoli
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18. -Tumor initiation involves the exposure of normal cells
to chemical or physical carcinogens that alter the DNA
of thecells
-The altered genotype of the cell is considered
irreversible, but the initiated phenotype is not fully
expressed except in the
presence of a promotor -Promotors cause the clonal
expansion of initiated cells-Tumor initiation and
promotion together usually only produce benign
growths-The third stage,malignant conversion is
uncontrolled cellular growth which is only treatedby
outside intervention
--Several studies show that antioxidants may slow or possiblySeveral studies show that antioxidants may slow or possibly
prevent the development of cancer, however in recent yearsprevent the development of cancer, however in recent years
clinical trials reached inconsistent conclusionsclinical trials reached inconsistent conclusions
*Five large scale clinical trials in the 1990s reached differing*Five large scale clinical trials in the 1990s reached differingwww.indiandentalacademy.com
19. 1: Chinese Cancer Prevention Study (1993)
-The results showed that a combination of beta-
carotene, vitamin E, and selenium significantly
reduced incidence of both gastric cancer and cancer
overall
2: Alpha-Tocopherol/Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention
Study (1994)
-Lung cancer rates of Finnish male smokers
increased significantly with beta-carotene intake and
were not affected by vitamin E
3: Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (1994)
-Also demonstrated a possible increase in lung
cancer associated with antioxidants
4: 1996 Physician’s Health Study I
-No change in cancer rates associated with beta-
carotene taken by U.S. male physicians
5: 1999 Women’s Health Study
-No benefit or harm from beta-carotenewww.indiandentalacademy.com
20. There is a wide range of cardiovascular diseases:There is a wide range of cardiovascular diseases:
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Myocardial Infarction (MI) – heart attackMyocardial Infarction (MI) – heart attack
Cardiac Ischemia – insufficient blood and oxygen supply to aCardiac Ischemia – insufficient blood and oxygen supply to a
portion of the heart muscle, most commonly caused by CADportion of the heart muscle, most commonly caused by CAD
Atherosclerosis – development of fatty buildups in theAtherosclerosis – development of fatty buildups in the
arteriesarteries
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21. Ecological and epidemiological evidence
suggests that high consumption of fruits and
vegetables is associated with a decreased
risk for CD
Fruits and vegetables, along with teas and
red wines are rich in antioxidants
Therefore, researchers logically assumed
that antioxidants played a role in this
protective cardiovascular effect
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. There is ample evidence that oxidative
damage is involved in the pathology of
atherosclerosis
LDL oxidation leads to uptake by
macrophages and formation of the foam cell
and creates oxidized lipids that have a pro-
inflammatory response
Researchers began to investigate the effects
of antioxidants to reverse the effects of ROS
and oxidative
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Epidemiological evidence shows that
antioxidants have a protective or
therapeutic effect on CD
Clinical trials support antioxidants as
beneficial, neutral, and, in some
cases, harmful
The controversy between research
shows that antioxidant mechanisms in
response to oxidative damage are not
completely understood
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Health Professionals’ Follow-up study:
◦ >39,000 males, 4 year follow-up
◦ Β-carotene intake is associated with reduced risk of
coronary events; inverse relationship between
duration of vitamin E supplement use and risk in
smokers
Nurses’ Health Study (Stampfer et al):
◦ >87,000 women, < 8 year follow-up
◦ Coronary events and vitamin E intake are inversely
related, 43% lower in supplement users vs.
nonusers; inverse relationship between risk and
duration of supplement use
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (Enstrom et al)
◦ Inverse relationship between vitamin C intake
and coronary risk; decreased death from
coronary heart disease over 10 year follow-up
Cambridge Heart AntiOxidant Study (CHAOS)
◦ ~9,500 subjects age 55 and over with both
symptomatic and asymptomatic CD,
secondary prevention trial, lasted 17 months
◦ Coronary disease patients benefited from
naturally occurring vitamin E at 2 dose levels
– this leads researchers to believe there is a
difference between natural and supplemental
antioxidants
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26. Physicians’ Health StudyPhysicians’ Health Study
>29,000 male physicians in the US were randomized to>29,000 male physicians in the US were randomized to
ââ-carotene, aspirin, both, or neither for 12 years-carotene, aspirin, both, or neither for 12 years
No significant benefit or harm ofNo significant benefit or harm of ââ-carotene on-carotene on
cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular disease
Women’s Health StudyWomen’s Health Study
>40,000 women 45 and older, primary prevention study>40,000 women 45 and older, primary prevention study
on the effects ofon the effects of ââ-carotene, vitamin E and low-dose-carotene, vitamin E and low-dose
aspirin on major cardiovascular endpointsaspirin on major cardiovascular endpoints
2-year analysis showed no effect from2-year analysis showed no effect from ââ-carotene-carotene
supplementssupplements
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. αα-tocopherol-tocopherol ββ-carotene Study (ATBC)-carotene Study (ATBC)
TestedTested αα-tocopherol,-tocopherol, ββ-carotene, both or neither for 5-8-carotene, both or neither for 5-8
years in >29,000 male smokersyears in >29,000 male smokers
No reduction in cardiovascular events in any treatment;No reduction in cardiovascular events in any treatment;
increase in risk of death from hemorrhagic stroke fromincrease in risk of death from hemorrhagic stroke from
vitamin E, increase in mortality from ischemic heartvitamin E, increase in mortality from ischemic heart
diseasedisease
ββ-carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET)-carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET)
Studied the effects of combination ofStudied the effects of combination of ββ-carotene and a-carotene and a
form of retinolform of retinol
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortalityIncreased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality
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28. AHA does not recommend antioxidant supplements,
instead following the Food Guide Pyramid is
recommended
Many researchers have criticized the study designs
of all studies: subjects chosen (at risk vs. not at risk
for CVD), study length, dosage, etc.
Distribution of other nutrients in foods is similar to
that of antioxidants, thus the trend that fruits and
vegetables reduce cardiovascular disease could be
caused by mechanisms other than their antioxidant
vitamin content, for example: lowering of blood
pressure and dietary factors such as trace elements
found to act as antioxidants in the diet
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. ENDURANCE EXERCISE(ultra distance race,high
altitude training)-free radicals-damaging to muscles
& tissues
Regular exercise-enhances-antioxidants system-
protects body.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES-conflicting
Most DATA-VIT-E-protective
RECOMMENDATION-Balanced program with reglr
exercise & 5 serving of fruit/veg/day
Demanding race/hg altitude training-VIT-E supplmts,
100-200IU,appxmtly 10 times the RDA/DAY
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. EXCESS FREE RADICALS-cellular damage
b,coz fatty acids,protein are lost in cell
membrane-UNSTABLE-imbalance b/w flow of
nutrient in & out of cells.
CEL MEMBRANE-OXIDISED-HARDENS-
nutrients cannot go into cell.
PUNCTURES-cell collapses-cell fluids drains
out-AGING-WRINKLES-SAGGY &
LEATHERY
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. CHEMOPREVENTION-pharmocological intervention
with specific nutrient or other chemicals to suppress
or prevent the development of disease.
CLASSIFIED -BLOCKING AGENTS-inhibit tumor
initiation
SUPPRESSING AGENTS-inhibit tumor
promotion/progression
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32. USES IN ORAL LESIONS
LEUKOPLAKIA-SILVERMAN(1960)evaluated vit A(13-
cRA)topical application,lesions relapsed,as soon treatment was
discontinued.
Side effects-dry skin,xerostomia,hyper triglyceridemia,chelitis
STICH ET AL(1991)administrated vit A(60mg/wk)fr 6mo-
complete remission of OLK in 57%,reduction of micro-nuclei
cells in 96% of tobacco chewers.
Beta-Carotene (2.2mmol/wk)-remission 14.8%& reduction of
micronuclei cells in 98%. Vit A (COMPLETELY) & BETA
CAROTENE(50%) suppressed formation of OLK within 6 mo trial
period.But relapsed once treatment was dis continued of drug.
SINGH et al(2003)administered lycopene in treatment of OLK,in
3 gp(gpA,gpB,gpC)were given
8mg/day,4mg/day,0(placebo),mean response was
80%,66.25%,12.5% resptly,patients recovrd in gp A,gp B.This
study confirmed lycopene was 3 fold more effective than beta
carotene in preventing cell death by quenching NOO- radicals,it
also protects DNA damage induced by H2O2.www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. LICHEN PLANUS -Treated with ETRETINATE,which is
synthetic retinol,but clinical success inconsistent,relapse
rate was more than 50%within 3 mo.
presentstudy shows possibility of ROS playing a part
inaetiopathogenesis of the disease, OSMF andadministration of
nutrient antioxidants may haveprotecting effect with clinical
improvement
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34. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBOSIS
ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTS
IN AETIOPATHOGENESIS ANDMANAGEMENT OF
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS (GUPTA et
al,2004).Lipid peroxidation product, malonaldehyde (MDA)
and antioxidants were estimated in plasma and erythrocytes of
34 cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) of different grades
with equal numberof healthy controls to evaluate the
association of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and OSMF.
plasma MDA was found to be significantly higher in
patients ,as compared to controls ,plasma beta carotene
and vitamin E levels were found to be decreased
significantly in patients, with respect to healthy controls. After
6 weeks of oral administration of beta-carotene and vitamin E,
patients showed increase in plasma level of these twowww.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Patients with SCC of H&N CANCER,
Hong et al (1990)administered 50-100mg of
13cRA/d given to pts with treated SCC of oral
cavity,pharynx resulted in fewer second primary
cancer.
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36. Indications-metabolic disease,CBV,CVS,neurological
diseases,degenerative disease of eye,oral lesions
Special precaution-high doses of beta carotene-
yellowish of skin(carotenimia)
side effects-diarhoea,yellowing of palms,etc.
Brands available are
ADENT(spirulina) tab-500mg
ALA-100(alpha-lipoic acid)-cap15mg
ANTOXID-1 TAB -3 times/d-1st 2 months,folwd by
1cap d
BETA SCLERBION
BIO-E
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37. Take Daily
supplement
s of
antioxidants
Stop
Smoking
Diet rich in
fruits and
vegetables
(i.e. green
leafy
veggies-
collards,
kale,
spinach,
and broccoli
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38. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY-DEVITA
NUTRITIONAL ONCOLOGY-DADID HABER
NUTRITIONAL HEALING-DENISE MORTIMORE
MEDICAL NUTRITION& DISEASE-GAIL MORRISON
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL
NUTRITION,1991
TRIPLE O ,2003,
NEJM,1990,
INDIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL
BIOCHEMISTRY,2004
IMAGES-E NET
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