The document discusses several topics related to health and wellness. It provides information on skin anatomy and functions, processed foods consumption in the US, a study linking diet soda to obesity risk, risks of NSAIDs and congestive heart failure, how genes can be epigenetically influenced, quotes on the consequences of our actions, common symptoms associated with toxicity, diseases linked to toxicity, emotions and pH balance, sunscreen ingredients to avoid, leading causes of death in the US, and potential impacts of a super flu pandemic.
Did you know that the basic, type II diabetic can eliminate their condition through proper nutrition? Did you know it only takes about 30 days to be diabetes free? Watch and learn.
Did you know that the right kind of salt actually HELPS your heart? How about that blood pressure drugs slow down the heart which decreases oxygen to the brain. Does that sound like a good idea to you? Did you also know that cholesterol is critical for hormone production in the body? It's time for some common sense! You are built to be healthy!
Did you know that your genes can be turned on and off based on physical, chemical or emotional stress? It's called epigenetics and is critical in understanding how the body works. Cancer is NOT genetic.
Did you know that the basic, type II diabetic can eliminate their condition through proper nutrition? Did you know it only takes about 30 days to be diabetes free? Watch and learn.
Did you know that the right kind of salt actually HELPS your heart? How about that blood pressure drugs slow down the heart which decreases oxygen to the brain. Does that sound like a good idea to you? Did you also know that cholesterol is critical for hormone production in the body? It's time for some common sense! You are built to be healthy!
Did you know that your genes can be turned on and off based on physical, chemical or emotional stress? It's called epigenetics and is critical in understanding how the body works. Cancer is NOT genetic.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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5. · Protects and Detoxify your Body
· First line of immune defense against infections
· Produces and stores vitamin D, which is
important to your immune system.
· Rich in receptors,
· Protects your body from sunburns.
6. 90% of Money Americans spend on food is on processed foods
7.
8.
9. University of Texas San Antonio
Diet Sodas May Double Your
Risk of Obesity
The study monitored the weight and soda-drinking habits of more than 600
normal-weight patients aged 25-64. When researchers followed up on the
patients some eight years later, they discovered:
•Participants were 65 percent more likely to be overweight if they consumed
one diet soda a day compared to if they drank none.
•Two or more low- or no-calorie soft drinks raised the odds of becoming obese
or overweight even higher.
•Those who drank diet soda had a greater chance of becoming overweight than
participants who drank regular soda. July 6, 2005
10. (NSAIDs) caused a greater than 10-fold increase in the
risk of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
CHF, commonly referred to as simply "heart failure", is a
disorder in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood
efficiently, In addition to NSAIDS, other drugs such as beta-
blockers and calcium channel blockers have also been shown
to increase the risk of CHF.
Archives of Internal Medicine June 2000;
160: 777-784.
11. Epigenetics
genes can be turned on (expressed) or
turned off (silenced)
FDA-approved pharmaceutical drugs can cause
persistent epigenetic changes.
Researchers now propose that epigenetic side-
effects of pharmaceuticals may be involved in the
etiology of heart disease, cancer, nerve and mental
disorders, obesity, diabetes, leukemia, bipolar
disorder, schizophrenia, infertility, and sexual
dysfunction. Researchers claim…"consequences for
modern medicine are profound, since it would imply
that our current understanding of pharmacology is an
oversimplification."
[Metabolism Clinical and Experimental 57: (2008) S16–
S23]
12. ““WHILE WE ARE FREE TO CHOOSE OURWHILE WE ARE FREE TO CHOOSE OUR
ACTIONS, WE ARE NOT FREE TO CHOOSEACTIONS, WE ARE NOT FREE TO CHOOSE
THETHE CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES OF OUR ACTIONS.”OF OUR ACTIONS.”
STEPHEN R. COVEYSTEPHEN R. COVEY
““WHILE WE ARE FREE TO CHOOSE OURWHILE WE ARE FREE TO CHOOSE OUR
ACTIONS, WE ARE NOT FREE TO CHOOSEACTIONS, WE ARE NOT FREE TO CHOOSE
THETHE CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES OF OUR ACTIONS.”OF OUR ACTIONS.”
STEPHEN R. COVEYSTEPHEN R. COVEY
13. Acne
Agitation
Bloating
Chemical Sensitivities
Cold hands and feet
Constipation
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Excess head stuffiness
Food Allergies
Heartburn
Hot urine
Hyperactivity
Indigestion
Irregular Heart Beat
Joint and muscle pain
Low energy
Headaches
19. Titanium Dioxide (6.0%) & Zinc Oxide
(6.0%):
These two active ingredients in Natural
Sunscreen are natural minerals. Minerals that
actually come from clay and beach sand deposits.
This means, they are not harsh, synthetically-
produced chemicals you'll often find in popular
brands.
And it may surprise you to find out that zinc
oxide has been used all over the world for
over 75 years as a safe sunscreen to help
you prevent excessive sun exposure.
20.
While many experts say to avoid the sun completely to avoid cancer, the British
Medical Journal posted an editorial that concludes moderate sun exposure is a more
prudent recommendation.
Sunscreens do not adequately protect against ultraviolet A light, which is carcinogenic,
and the authors state that sunscreens should not be relied upon to prevent
melanoma.
Further, sun exposure is the main source of vitamin D, which reduces the risk of
certain cancers. People in the United Kingdom cannot synthesize vitamin during the
winter months due to decreased amount of sun exposure. The authors say that people
should get moderate sun exposure without sunscreen in order to allow the adequate
synthesis of vitamin D.
British Medical Journal November 22, 2003;327:1228
21. Cancer And Heart Disease are the
leading Causes of Death in the U.S.
22. Mineral Oil, Paraffin, and Petrolatum – Petroleum products that coat the skin
like plastic, clogging pores and creating a build-up of toxins, which in turn
accumulate and can lead to dermatologic issues. Slows cellular development, which
can cause you to show earlier signs of aging. Suspected cause of cancer.
Disruptive of hormonal activity
· Parabens –An estimated 13,200 cosmetic and skin care products contain
parabens. Studies implicate their connection with cancer. They have
hormone-disrupting qualities – mimicking estrogen – and interfere with the body’s
endocrine system.
· Phenol carbolic acid– Found in many lotions and skin creams. Can cause
circulatory collapse, paralysis, convulsions, coma and even death from respiratory
failure.
· Propylene glycol – Used as a moisturizer in cosmetics Shown to cause
dermatitis, kidney or liver abnormalities, and may inhibit skin cell growth or
cause skin irritation.
23. · Sodium laurel or lauryl sulfate (SLS), SLS breaks down the skin’s
moisture barrier, easily penetrates the skin, a potent class of carcinogen.
It can also cause hair loss.
· Toluene – Poison! Danger! Harmful or fatal if swallowed! Harmful
if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Made from petroleum or coal
tar, and found in most synthetic fragrances. Chronic exposure linked to anemia,
lowered blood cell count, liver or kidney damage,
· Dioxane– Found in compounds known as PEG, Polysorbates, Laureth,
ethoxylated alcohols.. The compounds are usually contaminated with high
concentrations of highly volatile 1,4-dioxane, easily absorbed through the skin.
Linked to breast and prostate Cancer
· Acrylamide– Found in many hand and face creams.
Linked to mammary tumors
24. Antibacterial Soaps are
a $16-billion-a-year industry
Some 72 percent of all liquid soap sold in
the United States now contains
antibacterial ingredients.
Manufacturers have relied on using fear to
convince people that they need to use
them to stay healthy
25. Antibacterial Soap Could
Cause Problems
The American Medical Association (AMA)
There is no evidence that these
products stop infection any better
than regular soap
Increased use of antibacterial
products might lead to antibiotic-
resistant bacteria.
26. Using Antibacterial Soap May Disrupt Your
Hormones
Triclosan, a chemical used in antibacterial soaps
Triclosan has already been shown to bioaccumulate and contaminate
human breast milk and can act as an endocrine disrupter
Triclosan makes thyroid hormones much more potent, and speeds up
their impact.
Thyroid-hormone signaling is essential for the development of the
human brain and body, so these findings could have an impact on
human health.
Environmental Science and Technology October 24, 2006
27. Antibacterial Soaps Don’t Work in Preventing
of Disease!!!
Ann Intern Med. 2004 Mar 2;140(5):321-9.
The tested antibacterial products did not reduce
the risk for symptoms of viral infectious diseases in
households that included essentially healthy
persons
28. The Miracle Fat for Eczema
GLA gamma-linolenic acid
According to researchers, the results show an effect of GLA
on the severity of Exema, which indicates that GLA
supplementation has a beneficial effect on the
inflammatory component of Exema. (found in plant seed
oils of evening primrose, black currant, borage, and fungal
oils. Spirulina (often called blue-green algae) also contains
GLA.)
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition April,
2003;77(4):943-51 (Free Full Text Article)
29. Do’s and Don’ts for Eczema
Do’s = Take Raw Dairy, Fish Oils Daily,
Dark Green Leafy Veggies, Increase Sun
Light Exposure
Don’ts = eliminate all Grains, eliminate
Pasteurized Dairy, Stop Toxic chemicals on the
skin
30.
31.
32. Omega 3’s Fish oils
Probiotics
Whole Food Minerals
Sunlight
Movement
35. Maintain your health through
proper diet, exercise and
nervous system function
(chiropractic)
Wait until you are sickWait until you are sick
and see what medicine has toand see what medicine has to
offer..offer..
OrOr
36.
37. Spinal kyphosis (hunched over posture)
causes demyelination and neuronal loss in the
spinal cord.
Give your posture a fighting chance with
regular chiropractic care.
Shimizu K, Kakamura M, Nishikawa Y et al: Spinal kyphosis causes demyelination and neuronal loss in the spinal cord: a new
model of kyphotic deformity. Spine;30(21):2388.
44. A draft of the government's plan to combat a
potential super-flu estimates a death toll of up
to almost 2 million Americans. The plan is being
rewritten to designate who will run the country
during a possibly chaotic period that could follow a
mutation of a bird flu in Asia.
The draft is based on the last century's three
pandemics, and states that in the best-case scenario,
about 200,000 people could die.
The government currently has enough of the
anti-flu drug Tamiflu to treat 4.3 million people, and
$100 million worth of bird flu vaccine is being
manufactured. The draft indicates that tens of
millions more doses of each would be necessary, far
more than can be manufactured quickly
45. Country Cases Deaths
Mexico 590 25
United States 286 1*
Canada 140 0
Spain 54 0
United Kingdom 18 0
Germany 8 0
New Zealand 6 0
France 4 0
Israel 4 0
El Salvador 2 0
Italy 2 0
Austria 1 0
China 1 0
Costa Rica 1 0
Colombia 1 0
Denmark 1 0
Ireland 1 0
Korea 1 0
Netherlands 1 0
Portugal 1 0
Switzerland 1 0
Swine flu stats has of 5/4/09
Fear has become so widespread
that
Egypt has ordered the slaughter of the country'
, even though no cases have been
reported there.
It is important to note that nearly
all suspected new cases have been
reported as mild.
46. There is a definite relationship that exists between
spinal variations and visceral abnormalities.
Schey WL: Vertebral malformations and associated somatovisceral abnormalities.
Clinical Radiology 1976;27(3):341.
47.
48.
49.
50. Your health is a direct result of howYour health is a direct result of how
well you take care of :well you take care of :
- physical- physical
(exercise)(exercise)
- emotional stress (what- emotional stress (what
you think and feel)you think and feel)
- chemical (what you eat- chemical (what you eat
and drugs)and drugs)
51. The U. S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) - giving up control to
corporate interests;
“a governmental pharmaceutical company”-- Samuel Broder, former
NCI director;
“plagued by lack of public participation and openness”-- Senator John
Glenn
The American Cancer Society (ACS) - world’s wealthiest non-profit;
“more interested in accumulating wealth than saving lives”--Chronicle of
Philanthropy
The medical-industrial complex and U. S. agencies - FDA, EPA, USDA
“allowing American citizens to be guinea pigs” for Monsanto, Dupont,
Amgen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, American Cyanamid…
Corruption !!Where is the Prevention???
53. · Protects and Detoxify your Body
· First line of immune defense against infections
· Produces and stores vitamin D, which is
important to your immune system.
· Rich in receptors,
· Protects your body from sunburns.
54.
55.
While many experts say to avoid the sun completely to avoid cancer, the British
Medical Journal posted an editorial that concludes moderate sun exposure is a more
prudent recommendation.
Sunscreens do not adequately protect against ultraviolet A light, which is carcinogenic,
and the authors state that sunscreens should not be relied upon to prevent
melanoma.
Further, sun exposure is the main source of vitamin D, which reduces the risk of
certain cancers. People in the United Kingdom cannot synthesize vitamin during the
winter months due to decreased amount of sun exposure.
The authors say that people should get moderate sun exposure without
sunscreen in order to allow the adequate synthesis of vitamin D.
British Medical Journal November 22, 2003;327:1228