The document discusses the role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the development of cancer and the potential for antioxidants to prevent cancer development through chemoprevention. It notes that antioxidants may help protect healthy cells from damage during cancer treatment and even help destroy cancer cells. The document recommends a daily supplement containing high doses of various antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients to both prevent and help treat cancer through reducing oxidative stress.
Nutraceuticals for Cancer, Diabetes and Cardio vascular diseases and their Me...Kratika Khede
This presentation consists of different types of foods that can be incorporated in diets to improve the health conditions in diseases -Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus and Cardio vascular diseases.
Foods and nutrients play a very important role in normal functioning of the body. They are helpful in maintaining the health of the individual and in reducing the risk of various diseases. Worldwide acceptance of nutraceuticals formed a relation between "nutrition" and "health" and therefore the concept of "Nutraceuticals" was evolved . In recent years, a new diet health paradigm is evolving which places more emphasis on the positive aspects of diet. The new lifestyle adopted by people today has changed the basic food habits of the latter. Consumption of the junk food has increased manifold leading to a number of diseases caused due to improper nutrition. Obesity is now recognized as a global issue. Heart disease continues to be a primary cause of death in most of the developing countries worldwide, followed by cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis and many others. Consumers being frustrated with the expensive, high-tech, disease-treatment approach in the modern medicines are seeking complementary or alternative beneficial products in the form of nutraceuticals.
Nutraceuticals are the emerging class of natural products that makes the line between food and drugs to fade .Nutraceutical is the hybrid of ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical’. Nutraceuticals, in broad, are food or part of food playing a significant role in modifying and maintaining normal physiological function that maintains healthy human beings. The principal reasons for the growth of the nutraceutical market worldwide are the current population and the health trends. The food products used as nutraceuticals can be categorized as dietary fibre, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and other different types of herbal foods.
The nutraceuticals facilitate in combating the key health complications of the century such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cholesterol etc. In whole, ‘nutraceutical’ has led to the new era of medicine and health, in which the food industry has become a research oriented sector.
Nutraceuticals for Cancer, Diabetes and Cardio vascular diseases and their Me...Kratika Khede
This presentation consists of different types of foods that can be incorporated in diets to improve the health conditions in diseases -Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus and Cardio vascular diseases.
Foods and nutrients play a very important role in normal functioning of the body. They are helpful in maintaining the health of the individual and in reducing the risk of various diseases. Worldwide acceptance of nutraceuticals formed a relation between "nutrition" and "health" and therefore the concept of "Nutraceuticals" was evolved . In recent years, a new diet health paradigm is evolving which places more emphasis on the positive aspects of diet. The new lifestyle adopted by people today has changed the basic food habits of the latter. Consumption of the junk food has increased manifold leading to a number of diseases caused due to improper nutrition. Obesity is now recognized as a global issue. Heart disease continues to be a primary cause of death in most of the developing countries worldwide, followed by cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis and many others. Consumers being frustrated with the expensive, high-tech, disease-treatment approach in the modern medicines are seeking complementary or alternative beneficial products in the form of nutraceuticals.
Nutraceuticals are the emerging class of natural products that makes the line between food and drugs to fade .Nutraceutical is the hybrid of ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical’. Nutraceuticals, in broad, are food or part of food playing a significant role in modifying and maintaining normal physiological function that maintains healthy human beings. The principal reasons for the growth of the nutraceutical market worldwide are the current population and the health trends. The food products used as nutraceuticals can be categorized as dietary fibre, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and other different types of herbal foods.
The nutraceuticals facilitate in combating the key health complications of the century such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cholesterol etc. In whole, ‘nutraceutical’ has led to the new era of medicine and health, in which the food industry has become a research oriented sector.
Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product derived from food sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods.Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”, was coined in 1989 by Stephen L. DeFelice, founder and chairman of the Foundation of Innovation Medicine.[1] The term is applied to products that range from isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products, specific diets and processed foods such as cereals, soups, and beverages.
This presentation is about the emerging field of nutraceuticals, its relation with the food, health and pharmaceuticals. How the food we daily intake plays a major role in providing stability and treating or preventing ailments. It also has information about the top 3 chronic diseases as listed by WHO and how the nutraceuticals associated with them.
important of nutraceuticals in pharmacy field for beneficial effect, herbal foods, useful effects in human beings, anticancer activity, fertility activity, anti diabetic activity, scope of nutraceutical market in INDIA
presentation about Nutraceutical
The term “nutraceutical” combines the word “nutrient” (a nourishing food or food component) with “pharmaceutical”(a medical drug). The word “nutraceutical” has been used to describe a broad list of products sold under the premise of being dietary supplements (i.e. a food), but for the expressed intent of treatment or prevent of disease.
Nutraceutical and functional food:as a remedy for chronical diseasesAayush Wadhwa
A thorough presentation for reference only. I have discussed detailed mechanisms and processes of various food components in diet and how they are associated with chronical diseses
Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product derived from food sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods.Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”, was coined in 1989 by Stephen L. DeFelice, founder and chairman of the Foundation of Innovation Medicine.[1] The term is applied to products that range from isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products, specific diets and processed foods such as cereals, soups, and beverages.
This presentation is about the emerging field of nutraceuticals, its relation with the food, health and pharmaceuticals. How the food we daily intake plays a major role in providing stability and treating or preventing ailments. It also has information about the top 3 chronic diseases as listed by WHO and how the nutraceuticals associated with them.
important of nutraceuticals in pharmacy field for beneficial effect, herbal foods, useful effects in human beings, anticancer activity, fertility activity, anti diabetic activity, scope of nutraceutical market in INDIA
presentation about Nutraceutical
The term “nutraceutical” combines the word “nutrient” (a nourishing food or food component) with “pharmaceutical”(a medical drug). The word “nutraceutical” has been used to describe a broad list of products sold under the premise of being dietary supplements (i.e. a food), but for the expressed intent of treatment or prevent of disease.
Nutraceutical and functional food:as a remedy for chronical diseasesAayush Wadhwa
A thorough presentation for reference only. I have discussed detailed mechanisms and processes of various food components in diet and how they are associated with chronical diseses
“Nutraceutical” is any substance that may be considered as a food or part of food and provides medical or health benefits, encompassing, prevention and treatment of diseases.
It is the combination of two term "Nutrition" and "pharmaceuticals"
As the conventional therapeutic strategies fail to fulfil the major requirements for a successful cancer therapy. The use of naturally developed anticancer agents has evolved as an alternative safe, low-cost and convenient one.
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Shaklee Vivix slows aging at the cellular level. Plug in and learn the story behind scenes. To hear the live presentation contact Cindy McAsey 888-272-6701/
Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, grouped together to form tissues and organs such as muscles and bones, the lungs and the liver. Genes inside each cell order it to grow, work, reproduce and die. Normally, our cells obey these orders and we remain healthy. But sometimes the instructions get mixed up, causing the cells to form lumps or tumors, or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Free radicals are very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell.
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases and up until now. One of the most challenging things about cancer treatment is not the cure itself but the differentiation between the tumor cells and the normal cells. Most of the medical treatments of the cancer today cannot differentiate between the cancer cells and the normal one as well as it damages the hall tissue and it is still considered as a low-effect treatment to be applied in cancer. One of the most popular treatments of this kind is chemotherapy which is known for damaging the hall cells, cancer, and normal ones. Our research is focusing on generating a new therapy that can target the cancer cell itself so it will give us more efficiency ratio to stop cancer and will keep the other cells without any damage. We will use an antibody body for the protein antigen ErbB-2 which is located rabidly in the lung cancer cells' membrane surface. These antibodies will be produced by the immune system so it will target the tumor cells especially and stop the cell growth and damage it in some cases.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Role of Nutraceuticals in chemoprevention and cancer treatment
1.
2.
3. Global Cancer Conference – 2014
Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
September 15-17, 2014 HICC, Hyderabad
Role of Nutraceuticals in chemoprevention
and cancer treatment
By
Dr.N.Dasharathram Reddy. MD.
4. Cellular Nutrition
• In spite of $ 25 billion spent on cancer research in past 25 years, deaths from cancer
have actually increased over the same time period.
• Scientific research has established beyond a shadow of doubt that oxidative stress, or
cell damage by free radicals, is the root cause of almost all chronic degenerative
diseases including cancer
5. The War within: Free Radicals
• When we breathe we fill our lungs with fresh air rich in oxygen
where it attaches to the hemoglobin in the blood forming
Oxyhemoglobin and then releases the oxygen so it can enter the
cells where it gives energy and life itself.
• Mitochondria reduces oxygen by the transfer of electrons to create
energy, and produces a by-product of water.
6. The War within: Free Radicals
• This process goes on without a hitch at least 98 % of the time.
• But the full complement of four electrons needed to reduce oxygen
to water does not always happen as planned and a free radical is
produced.
7. THE DARK SIDE OF OXYGEN
• Free radicals have at least one unpaired electron
in their outer orbit, which have an electrical
charge and try to get an electron from any cell in
the vicinity.
• If these free radicals are not rapidly neutralized by
an antioxidant, they may create even more
volatile free radicals and cause damage to the cell
membrane, vessel wall, proteins, fats and even
the DNA of the cell causing oxidative stress
leading to various chronic degenerative diseases
literally a “war waging within” our body.
8. ANTIOXIDANTS
What is an antioxidant?
An antioxidant is any substance that has the ability to give up an electron
to a free radical and balance out the unpaired electron, which neutralizes the
free radicals there by inhibiting the oxidation of another molecule, without
becoming free radicals themselves.
9. ANTIOXIDANTS
• Our bodies do not produce all the antioxidants we need, the rest of our
antioxidants must come from the food and nutritional supplementation.
• But when more free radicals are produced than there are antioxidants
available, oxidative stress occurs, when this situation persists for a
prolonged period of time, we develop chronic degenerative disease and
begin to lose the war within.
10. ANTIOXIDANTS
• In order to win our bodies we must
always be armed with more
antioxidants than the free radicals
produced at any given time.
• Our goal is to have more than enough
antioxidants to neutralize the free radicals we
produce and a complete and balanced army of
antioxidants are available at all times.
The Number of free radicals we produce is never
constant and our antioxidant defense system never
know exactly how many free radicals it will have to
deal with, on any given day.
11. WHAT CREATS MORE FREE RADICALS ?
• Air Pollution from rapid industrialization and increased automobiles.
• Smoking
• Polluted and minerals depleted dead water.
• Nutrient and microbes depleted soil: Chemical dependent farming leading to
striping of the nutrients from the soil, destruction of critical soil microbes and
saturation of farm lands with toxic pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers
migrating into the water.
12. WHAT CREATS MORE FREE RADICALS ?
Nutrients depleted food secondary to chemical depended farming and consuming
processed foods.
Excessive and lack of physical activity.
Excessive stress. Sleep deprivation.
13. WHAT CREATS MORE FREE RADICALS ?
•Medications And Radiation: Every medication we take causes increased free radical
production which leads to oxidative stress.
•Chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy: primarily work by creating oxidative stress
damage to the cancer cells, which kills them and also causes collateral damage to normal
cells.
14. WHAT IS THE BUILT-IN REPAIR SYSTEM?
• Our Bodies have a sophisticated, state-of the-art repair system called “antioxidant defense
system” consisting of super oxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase.
Catalase
This antioxidant defense system unit’s (triage nurses) cells recognize damaged cell parts
and then repair by tearing them down completely and re-build from scratch.
Incredible isn’t it?
Damaged Proteins become brand-new proteins, made with recycled amino acids and
altered fats and DNA are repaired in a similar manner.
15. THE DEVASTATION OF THE WAR
• Despite this tremendous defense repair system inherent in our bodies when over-worked,
damage can still occur leading to oxidative stress and cause various chronic
degenerative diseases.
Poorly repaired DNA chains lead to cell
mutation as implicated in cancer and aging.
16. THE DEVASTATION OF THE WAR
• A generation or two ago, people ate more organically grown
whole, fresh foods that contain significantly more
antioxidants than today's diet does.
•Our bodies make some of these antioxidants, but they are
simply not enough because, our food supply (especially fruits
and vegetables) contain low levels of all the extra antioxidants
our bodies needed to neutralize the excessive free radical
production, as a result our scale is out of balance in favor of the
free radicals leading to oxidative stress.
17. Balance is the Goal
• Our body is always trying to put enough
antioxidants in one tray to balance out all
of the free radicals in the other at any given
time.
18. Oxidative stress as the cause of cancer:
· Dr. Peter Kovacic’s comprehensive review of current medicinal chemistry in 2001, he
stated that “of the numerous theories that have been advanced, oxidative stress is
the most comprehensive, and it has stood the test of time. It can rationalize and
correlate most aspects associated with carcinogenesis.”
· Dr. Kovacic’s research supports growing medical evidence that when excessive free
radicals are allowed to exist near the nucleus of the cell, significant damage to the
DNA can result.
· The DNA is especially vulnerable when a cell is dividing, during which time the DNA
strand is literally unwound and stretched out.
· The researchers are now able to confirm that free radicals damage which strands of
the DNA most frequently.
19. Oxidative stress as the cause of cancer:
· During the time of heavy oxidative stress free radical damage overwhelms the
repair system and can lead to mutation of the DNA.
· Free radicals can also wreak damage on the genetic structure of the DNA, which
can then lead to abnormal growth of the cell. As these cells continue to
replicate, this mutated DNA is carried to each newly developed cell.
· Then the cell will begin to grow out of control and take on a life of its own and
then spread from one part of the body to another (metastasis), thus becoming a
true cancer.
20. A Decade Late and a Dollar Short:
· Doctors get out the big guns of aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation
only to realize that most often they can do little to help the patient.
· We are presently losing the battle against the cancer.
· Is there any doubt that this malignant disease must be attacked at much earlier
stages in its development before the number of deaths will decrease?
· Yes we do have hope. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in the
development of cancer offers us a host of new possibilities in prevention and
treatment.
21. Prevention of Cancer: Chemoprevention
· In the earliest stages of cancer the changes are primarily within the DNA nucleus itself.
· The mutations that occur via the free radical attack of the DNA pass to each subsequent cell
as it replicates.
· Eventually because of further free radical damage to the cell, a pre cancer tumor develops.
This is the first practical level that we can evaluate clinically.
· The final stage is the development of a frank malignancy or cancer, which has the ability to
spread from one part of the body to another.
22. Prevention of Cancer: Chemoprevention
· As chemoprevention focuses on preventing the cancer from developing in
its earliest stages, if we have enough antioxidants available, oxidative stress
does not occur and the DNA is safe from initial damage.
· Chemoprevention also aims to reverse the damage that has already
occurred to the cell.
23. Chemoprevention Phase I:
Decreasing the risk
Diet: Excessive intake of high glycemic carbohydrates from the grain, excessive
fat intake containing mainly trans fats and consuming little quantity of vegetables
and fruits is known to induce oxidative stress especially when adequate amount
of antioxidants are missing in the diet.
24. Chemoprevention Phase II:
Maximize the body’s antioxidant and immune system
· By eating at least 7 servings of organic fruits and vegetables and more than 35G of fiber
each day to maximize your own body’s immune system and antioxidant defenses there
by bringing the free radicals back into balance would lower the risk of cancer by half.
· Medical research is beginning to demonstrate that by taking antioxidants in
supplementation to our diet is very important in chemo prevention.
· Supplementation of a healthy diet over a 20 week period of time with vitamin C, vitamin
E, and beta-carotene resulted in a significant decrease of the oxidative damage to the
DNA of both smokers and nonsmokers.
· Vitamin E has also been shown to protect against exercise induced DNA damage.
25. Chemoprevention Phase III:
Empowering the body’s repair system
· In phase III the focus is on the body’s amazing repair system when coupled
with adequate nutrients enabling the cell to repair significant damage that has
already occurred.
· The review article by Dr. Harinder Garewal is the land mark to Phase III of
chemoprevention his finding provide hope that not only can antioxidants halt
the process of developing cancer, they may actually empower the body’s
repair system to reverse cell damage.
26. Chemoprevention Phase III:
Empowering the body’s repair system
· Several studies have shown that individual with low levels of Beta carotene
and vitamin C, have significantly increased risk of cervical dysplasia.
· Other epidemiological studies have shown that dietary deficiency in vitamin A,
vitamin E, Beta Carotene, and vitamin C, increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Beta carotene supplementation actually have been shown to prevent cervical
dysplasia from progressing to cervical cancer.
27. What if I already have cancer?
· The standard therapy for cancers does not always appear promising and
the good news lies in the fact that medical research is beginning to support
the idea of supplementation with a mixture of various high quality
antioxidants and supporting nutrients in the optimal dosage.
· This mix can actually enhance traditional chemo and radiation therapy
while at the same time protecting normal cells from toxic effects of these
treatments.
28. Why they work?
· Oncologists and radiation therapists usually discourage the use of
antioxidants in patients receiving treatments for their cancer.
· Why? Physicians are concerned with the possibility that antioxidant
supplements will build up the antioxidant defense system of the cancer cells
and result in making their treatments less effective, since their treatments
primarily destroy cancer cells by creating oxidative stress. This is a reasonable
concern, but the medical literature does not support their position.
· Drs. Kedar Prasad and Arun Kumar at the university of Colorado medical
school radiology department reviewed more than 70 studies to address this
concern. They titled their report “high dosage of multiple antioxidants:
essential ingredients in improving the efficiency of standard cancer
therapy” which appeared in the journal of American college of nutrition in
1999.
29. How Antioxidants help destroy cancer cells?
· Clinical research is revealing that cancer cells take up antioxidants differently
than do normal cells.
· Normal healthy cells will take up only the amount of antioxidants and
supporting nutrients they need.
· Cancer cells, on the other hand, continue to absorb antioxidants and
supporting nutrients without knowing when to quit. This intake of excessive
antioxidants actually makes the cancer cells more vulnerable to cell death.
· Antioxidants improve the defense of healthy cells against the damaging effects
of radiation and chemotherapy in addition to its battle against cancer cells.
30. Antioxidants help good cells:
· Almost all the harmful side effects of chemo and radiation therapy to normal
cells are the result of the increased oxidative stress.
· When a patient takes high dosage of antioxidant supplements, which improve
the defense system of normal cells since they take up these antioxidants
normally. This creates a true win-win situation.
· Chemo and radiation therapy can work at a peak while at the same time the
side effects and damage that occurs to the healthy cells is significantly reduced.
· Vitamin E is good in protecting cell membrane from oxidative damage caused
by various chemotherapeutic agents to the lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, and
skin. Strong cell membranes in colon is very important as the bacteria produce
free radicals can harm DNA and promote tumor growth.
• Vitamin E, stimulates and enhance immune system so that it attacks the
budding cancer cells and inhibits the production of nitrosamines
31. Antioxidants help good cells:
· CoQ10 has been shown to protect against the long term damage to the heart
that the drug Adriamycin causes.
· Beta carotene and vitamin A reduce the adverse effects of radiation and some
chemotherapeutic agents. Beta carotene is the regulator of cell growth and
differentiation which helps prevent cells from developing into cancer cells.
· Calcium is emerging as a hero in the fight against cancer especially colon cancer.
It is beneficial to take calcium along with vitamin D3, Magnesium, and vitamin
K2 as it helps in protecting cells from cancer inducing genetic damage.
32. Antioxidants help good cells:
• All these antioxidants has been shown to help protect against the DNA damage to
normal cells that cancer treatments cause.
• Nutritional science offers us the greatest hope in our fight against cancer and
several other degenerative diseases. They not only help prevent cancer but may
actually enhance the traditional chemo and radiation therapy.
33. • Natural antioxidants and their supporting nutrients are ideal
chemo preventive agents for many reasons.
Antioxidants help good cells:
• By limiting and even preventing free radical damage to the DNA.
• To provide the proper nutrients needed for the body to repair any damage
that has been done already.
• By providing the best defense against further advancement of cancer.
• By protecting the body against the oxidative stress that radiation and
chemotherapy create.
• By Inhibiting replication and growth of the cancer.
• By causing tumor regression in some instances.
34. Good Quality Basic Nutritional Supplement containing
antioxidants, vitamins and minerals in the following dosage:
• Vitamin A : Mixture of carotenoids
- Beta Carotene : 10k to 15k IU.
- Alpha Carotene : 500 to 800 mcg
- Lycopene : 1 to 3 mg
- Lutein/zeaxanthin : 1 to 6 mg
• Vitamin C : 1000-2000mg.
• Vitamin E : ( mixture of d-alpha ,d-gamma
tocopherol and mixed tocotrienol ) :400 IU.
• Vitamin D3 : (Cholecalciferol ) : 800 - 1000 IU.
• Vitamin K2 : 50-100mcg.
36. Additional Nutrients for bone health
•Silicon: 3mg; Boron: 2-3mg.
For Improved homocysteine level and improved brain function
•Choline: 100-200mg; Trimethylglycine: 200-500mg.
•Inositol: 150-250mg; Glutathione:10-20mg
or its precursor N-acetyl -L-cystene:50-75mg
37. Other important and essential nutrients:
•Essential Fats: Omega-3: ALA from Cold Pressed Flaxseed oil; DHA & EPA
from Fish/ Krill oil
•Fiber Supplement: Soluble and insoluble fiber : 10 to 30mg
Other important enhancers:
•CoQ10 (co-enzyme Q10):200 mg. without metastasis, with metastasis 500 to 600mg.
•Bioflavonoids: Grape seed extract: 200mg without metastasis with metastasis 300mg.
•Beta carotene: 10 to 25 K IU for prevention and 100 K IU for treatment of cancer.
•Folic Acid: (B9): 400 to 800 mcg for prevention and 800 mcg with 1000 mcg of vitamin
B12 for treatment of cancer.
•Vitamin C: 500 to 1000mg 2 to 3 times per day for prevention and 2 to 12G, 2 to 3
times per day for treatment of cancer.
•Vitamin E: 400 to 600 IU for both prevention and treatment.
•Selenium: 100 to 200mcg for prevention and 800mcg for treatment.
•Optimize vitamin D levels by getting exposure to sunshine and by taking vitamin D
supplement until vitamin D level is more than 70ng/dl
38. Special Antioxidants from ProYoung International
Ganoderma: 500mg twice daily
Prevents occurrence and recurrence of cancer,
reduces the side effects during Chemo and radiation therapy,
reduces metastasis and prolongs survival rate.
Ginseng: 600mg twice daily
Inhibits tumor invasiveness and metastasis;
enhances the effect of radio and chemotherapy.
Ginkgo Biloba: 80mg twice daily
As a perfect Anti-oxidant, Ginkgo Biloba Eliminates free
radicals and helps in preventing cancer in cells.
Noni: 15 to 30 ml twice daily
Suppresses the growth of new cancer cells and
helps in treating certain types of cancers.
39. Take Home Message of Chemoprevention
By understanding the concept of oxygen free radicals creating oxidative
stress in the development of carcinogenesis offers us a host of new
possibilities of how to prevent cancer by discovering the wonderful
results of a whole new approach of true preventive medicine by
practicing a consistent exercise program, eating a healthy organic diet,
and consuming various high quality nutritional supplements in the
optimal dosage to super charge the natural antioxidant defense system
to repair any cancer cell is the cellular nutrition leading to vibrant health