The document discusses antimicrobial drug resistance, outlining various mechanisms by which microorganisms develop resistance, such as producing enzymes to destroy drugs or altering drug targets. It also examines the origins of resistance, whether through genetic mutations or extrachromosomal elements like plasmids that can transfer resistance genes. Specific examples of resistance mechanisms are provided for several classes of antibiotics.

1. RED SEA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

2. ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE

4. ~Gram –ve  chloramphinicol acetyl transferase against chloramphinicol . b)Microorganism alters its permeability to the drug eg tetracyclin and polymyxin . Streptococci have natural barrier to aminoglycosides . acer:

5. c)Microorganism develops an altered structural target eg:chromosomal resistance to aminoglycosides “30s ribosomal subunit’’ Erythromycin resistant organisms altere receptors in 50s ribosomal subunit. Penicillin resistance  change in penicillin binding protein “PBP”.

7. Origins of the drug resistance ORIGINS Non genetic Genetic chromosomal Extrachromosomal

31. DON’T WORRY.. MEDICINE IS JUST LIKE THIS…!