this ppt is on pharmacology of histamine&Antihistamines... highlighting the important areas with illustrations and pictures for understanding and remembering easily....
Digoxin & Nitroglycerin by Dr. Sanaullah Aslam (Complete)Sanaullah Aslam
Your Feedback will be highly appreciated. This presentation was made for students at pharmacy institute in a project of clinical pharmacy and use of digoxin and nitroglycerin. This presentation is made so that you can present it in a same session, without any change.
Digoxin & Nitroglycerin by Dr. Sanaullah Aslam (Complete)Sanaullah Aslam
Your Feedback will be highly appreciated. This presentation was made for students at pharmacy institute in a project of clinical pharmacy and use of digoxin and nitroglycerin. This presentation is made so that you can present it in a same session, without any change.
heparin in detail : mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse effect and contraindication of heparin and low molecular heparin.
for undergraduates.
It is a anti- hypertensive drug. It is non-selective beta blocker drug. Hence it is beta blocker drug so it has many side effect.Not only Propranolol but also Timolol,Atenolol are beta blocker drugs.
heparin in detail : mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse effect and contraindication of heparin and low molecular heparin.
for undergraduates.
It is a anti- hypertensive drug. It is non-selective beta blocker drug. Hence it is beta blocker drug so it has many side effect.Not only Propranolol but also Timolol,Atenolol are beta blocker drugs.
STUDY ON LOSS OF CONTACT OF RECTANGULAR PLATES RESTING ON COHESIVE SOILIAEME Publication
Objectives: To study the phenomenon of loss of contact of rectangular plates resting over cohesive soils. Study the effect of various L/B ratios on Critical Relative Rigidity (CRR), the effect of eccentricity of loading on CRR and effect of poisons ratio on CRR over the phenomenon of loss of contact. Methodology: Analysis is carried out for a Rectangular Footing resting on cohesive soils subjected to an eccentric concentrated load, with eccentricity in the middle one-third of its shorter and longer span dimension with varying poisons ratio from 0.1 to 0.5 with an interval of 0.05 and the loss of contact of footing with the underlying soil phenomena is analyzed using the ANSYS 12.0 and the CRR values are obtained for different L/B ratios up to two distribution The term Relative Rigidity (RR) which takes into account the properties of soil and footing is considered for the analysis. It considers the parameters like dimensions of footing, thickness and the young’s modulus of the footing and the modulus of subgrade reaction of the soil. The Critical Relative Rigidity (CRR) is the value of RR where the soil experiences loss of contact with the overlying footing and the Critical Relative Rigidity (CRR) values are obtained for various L/B ratios up to the two-way distribution. Findings: With the increase in the eccentricity of concentrated load the CRR value decreased and with the increase of L/B ratio the CRR value increased and for an increase in poisons ratio for all L/B ratios and eccentricities CRR value decreased. Applications: Useful in the design of footings in different soil bed conditions by altering the dimensions and making the design economical.
Diferentes tecnicas de coccion :gratinar, papillot y SOUS VIDE - VACIO son metodos de coccion en seco en si son varios pero aqui podras encontrar sus diferentes caracteristicas y que son
Case Study: Recurrent myoma with menorrhagiaLyndon Woytuck
A case study on a patient presenting with menorrhagia in a history of recurrent myomatous disease. The patient details have been changed to anonymize the individual.
this presentation aims at dermato pharmacotherapeutics.....at a pharmacologist's view point....only the key points are stressed.....not a complete guide....however it gives the reader, an essential basics....
H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
The H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells (specifically the histamine H2 receptors) in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells.
PROTON - PUMP INHIBITORS
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs): are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production.
They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available.
These drugs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world, and are generally considered effective.
The vast majority of these drugs are benzimidazole derivatives, but promising new research indicates the imidazopyridine derivatives may be a more effective means of treatment.
A brief account on major toxidrome and an explanation about how the clinical features occur. anticholinergic, cholinergic, sympathomimetic, opiate, sedative toxidrome and serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome are explained with the management.
This interesting, illustrative presentation is a preliminary guide for preparing medical & paramedical teachers for effective teaching and enable them to conduct different courses for medical & paramedical students
This interesting and useful ppt highlights different pharmacokinetic concepts with illustrations for easy understanding - an overview for revision for medical and paramedical students
This is an excellent ppt on Dermatological pharmacology highlighting types of formulations, topical preparations and the treatment of individual skin disorders with illustrations...!!
This interesting ppt is the continuation of the Pharmacology of Opioid analgesics I... This impressive ppt highlight the pharmacology, advantages and disadvantages of opioid analgesics other than morphine with illustrations....!!
This interesting ppt is about the Pharmacology of morphine and acute morphine poisoning dealt with illustrative pictures, diagrams to facilitate learning for medical/paramedical students....
This is an Inspiring presentation on cultural diversities of india and how to work in cohesion.. mainly for medical students studying Foundation course in medicine...
This is an interesting and novel PPT on the Pharmacology of NSAIDs, on drugs other than aspirin ( for Aspirin check NSAIDs PART I ) illustrated with beautiful pictures and flowcharts....!!
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
24. ∗ H1 selective histamine analogue
∗ Cause vasodilatation in the internal ear
∗ Used to control vertigo in Meniere’s disease
∗ Orally active
∗ Contraindicated in asthmatics and ulcer
patients
BETAHISTINE
42. Histamine antagonism:
∗ Blocks histamine induced
bronchoconstriction,
intestinal contraction,
vasodilatation,
fall in BP,
triple response ( wheal, flare, itch )
∗Gastric secretion not affected
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
43.
44.
45.
46.
47. ∗ Suppress manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity
reactions
∗ (Urticaria,
∗ itching,
∗ angiooedema are well controlled)
∗ Partially prevents anaphylactic fall in BP
∗ Asthma practically unaffected
ANTIALLERGIC ACTION
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53. ∗ Sedation and CNS depression (older antihistamines)
∗ Impaired concentration, coordination
∗ Some experience restlessness and insomnia
∗ Toxic doses produce
∗ excitement
∗ convulsions
CNS
58. ∗ Antagonise muscarinic actions of acetylcholine
Dryness of mouth
constipation
urinary retention
Blurring of vision
∗ Add anticholinergic effects of atropine,
Phenothiazines
ANTICHOLINERGIC ACTION
59.
60. ∗ Well absorbed from oral, parenteral routes
∗ Widely distributed and enter brain (Except newer
compounds)
∗ Duration of action of most is 4-6 hours, newer drugs
12-24 hrs
∗ Metabolized in the liver
∗ Excreted in urine
PHARMACOKINETICS
61.
62. ∗Sedation,
∗ diminished alertness and concentration
∗ Motor incoordination,
∗ fatigue,
∗ tendency to fall asleep
∗ Impaired psychomotor performance (CAUTION –
DRIVING, OPERATING MACHINERY)
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
63.
64.
65.
66.
67. ∗ Anticholinergic side effects
∗ Headache
∗ Some are teratogenic
∗ (Cyclizine, fexofenadine)
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
68.
69.
70. ∗ Synergism with alcohol
and
∗ Other CNS depressants
more CNS depression
DRUG INTERACTIONS
71.
72. ∗ RELIEVES ONLY SYMPTOMS
∗ hay fever
∗ Atopic and contact dermatitis
∗ Eczema
∗ Bee and wasp stings
∗ Mild blood transfusion reactions
∗ Allergic conjunctivitis
∗ Urticaria
∗ Angioedema
THERAPEUTIC USES
1. ALLERGIC DISORDERS
84. ∗ Afford symptomatic relief
∗ by anticholinergic and
∗ sedative actions
∗ Do not affect course of the illness
COMMON COLD
85.
86. ∗ Promethazine, Diphenhydramine are useful
∗ Prevent motion sickness
∗ Promethazine (Phenergan) is useful in morning
sickness
∗ Drug induced vomiting
∗ Postoperative vomiting
∗ Radiation sickness
AS ANTIEMETIC
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92. ∗ Cinnarizine is useful
∗ It modulates Ca++ fluxes
∗ Have additional anticholinergic, sedative, vasodilator
property
∗ Widely used
∗ Useful in Meniere’s disease
∗ Side effects are sedation and GI upset
VERTIGO
93.
94. ∗ Diphenhydramine and promethazine are
useful
∗ Drug - induced acute dystonias are
∗ treated with parenteral promethazine,
∗ trihexyphenidyl
PARKINSONISM
95.
96.
97. ∗ As hypnotics -- specially in children
∗ (diphenhydramine and promethazine)
∗ likely to depress respiration
∗ Not as dependable as benzodiazepines
∗ Hydroxyzine is used in anxiety with autonomic
symptoms
AS SEDATIVE, HYPNOTIC, ANXIOLYTIC
98.
99.
100. ∗ As antitussive in cough
∗ Afford symptomatic relief
∗ (diphenhydramine- benadryl cough formula)
∗ Preanaesthetic medication - promethazine
OTHER USES
101.
102.
103.
104. ∗ H1 receptor blockers marketed after 1980
∗ Have higher H1 selectivity
∗ No CNS depression
∗ No anticholinergic side effects
∗ Act by additional antiallergic mechanisms
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS
105.
106.
107.
108. ∗ No sleepiness
∗ Do not impair psychomotor performance
∗ (not contraindicated in drivers)
∗ Do not potentiate alcohol or benzodiazepines
∗ Have long duration of action
ADVANTAGES
109.
110.
111. ∗ Have narrow spectrum of
usefulness
∗ Have poor antipruritic ,
antiemetic action
∗ Poor antitussive
∗ Expensive
DISADVANTAGES
112. ∗ First SGA
∗ When CYP3A4 inhibitors (like erythromycin,
ketoconazole) are administered concurrently produces
fatal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
(torsades de pointes)
∗ WITHDRAWN by most manufacturers
TERFENADINE
113.
114.
115.
116. ∗ Active metabolite of terfenadine
∗ Does not produce torsades de pointes
∗ Not entirely safe
∗ Does not cross BBB
∗ Free of anticholinergic side effects
∗ Duration of action 24 hrs
∗ Caution in patients with long QT interval, bradycardia,
hypokalemia
∗ Available as allegra
FEXOFENADINE
117.
118.
119. ∗ Selective peripheral H1 antagonist
∗ No CNS action
∗ Faster acting
∗ Long acting
∗ Does not produce Torsades de pointes
∗ No interaction with macrolides or Ketoconazole
∗ Highly effective in urticaria and atopic dermatitis
LORATADINE
120. ∗ Active metabolite of loratadine
∗ Effective at half the dose
∗ No CNS effect
∗ No cardiac ADR
DESLORATADINE
121. ∗ Penetrate brain poorly
∗ Not metabolized
∗ Also inhibits release of histamine – extra
benefit in allergic disorders
∗ Higher and longer lasting concentration in skin
∗ Once daily dose
∗ Does not produce arrhythmias
∗ Levocetirizine effective at half the dose
CETIRIZINE
122.
123.
124.
125. ∗ has good topical activity
∗ inhibits histamine release and inflammatory
reaction triggered by LTs, PAF
∗ bronchodilator
∗ Downregulate ICAM – 1 expression
∗ Long acting
∗ Given by nasal spray for allergic rhinitis
∗ Side effects – stinging , altered taste
AZELASTINE
126.
127.
128. ∗ Non sedating newer SGA
∗ Produces active metabolite
∗ Active in nasal and skin allergies
∗ Prolong Q-Tc interval can
cause arrhythmias
EBASTINE