Presentation by Delia Grace at the 8th multi-stakeholder partnership meeting of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 11–15 June 2018.
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Dolapo Enahoro and Catherine Pfeifer (ILRI) at the Expert panel: Food of Animal Origin 2030: Solutions to Consumption Driven Challenges, Global Forum for Food and Agriculture 2018, Berlin, Germany
Feed additives are non-nutritive products used in small amounts to improve feed quality, nutrient utilization, and growth performance in poultry. Common feed additives include growth promoters, toxin binders, antioxidants, electrolytes, emulsifiers, feed preservatives, pellet binders, and coccidiostates. Growth promoters can be antibiotic growth promoters, natural growth promoters like prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, yeasts, organic acids, herbal supplements, enzymes, and vitamins and minerals.
Factors affecting the nutritive Value of FeedShizra Imtiaz
The nutritive value of forages is influenced by several key factors:
1) Stage of maturity - As plants mature, protein decreases and fiber increases, lowering digestibility.
2) Environmental conditions - Soil properties, climate, altitude can impact a plant's ability to absorb nutrients and modify its composition.
3) Plant species - Different plant types naturally contain varying mineral and protein levels that suit different classes of livestock.
This document discusses haylage, which is partially dried forage that is ensiled like silage. It is made from forages that are cut slightly earlier than hay, wilted to 40-60% dry matter, and fermented. This produces a higher-quality feed than hay but with less risk of spoilage than silage. The document covers different types of haylage production methods, including baleage. It explains that haylage has higher nutritional value and dry matter digestibility than hay, with less leaf loss during harvest. Good fermentation is important to preserve quality. Ensiling can help reduce nitrate levels in forages. Feeding haylage is similar to feeding large round bales using a ring feeder
Types and forms of feed and feeding methods in poultrySarangVajpeyee1
This document discusses different types of feed and feeding methods for poultry. It outlines eight main types of feed including broiler feed, layer feed, and breeder feed. These feeds vary based on the bird's life stage and purpose. The document also describes the forms feed can take such as mash, pellets, and crumbles, and how these differ in particle size and palatability. Finally, various feeding methods like whole grain, scratch grain, and mash methods are outlined.
This document discusses feeding management of poultry. It begins by stating that India ranks 3rd in egg production and 4th in broiler production globally. It then discusses the six major classes of nutrients needed in poultry feed: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The document goes on to describe energy and protein requirements, types of protein supplements, mineral requirements including calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin requirements and deficiency diseases. It also discusses factors that affect feed intake and efficiency. Finally, it outlines feeding practices for broiler chickens and layers at different stages.
The document discusses quality and safety of animal feed in India. It states that feed quality is defined by the degree of excellence and nutrients supplied. In India, the Bureau of Indian Standards regulates quality control and has committees that set standards for feed ingredients and formulations to ensure feeds are accurately described and safe. The document outlines testing methods for feeds and ingredients, including physical, chemical and biological tests to evaluate nutrients, contaminants, and mycotoxins. Maximum limits for toxins like aflatoxin in different feeds are also provided.
This document discusses poultry feeding, including facts to consider when formulating rations, nutrient requirements, and feeding practices for broilers and laying hens. Key points include that feed must contain all essential nutrients, requirements differ by age, and poultry depend on dietary sources of nutrients. Nutrient requirements discussed include energy, primarily from cereal grains and added fats; protein, using various plant and animal sources; and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and salt. Vitamin supplementation is also generally required. Feeding practices for broilers involve starter, grower, and finisher rations, while laying hens have higher energy, protein, calcium and other nutrient needs to support egg production.
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Dolapo Enahoro and Catherine Pfeifer (ILRI) at the Expert panel: Food of Animal Origin 2030: Solutions to Consumption Driven Challenges, Global Forum for Food and Agriculture 2018, Berlin, Germany
Feed additives are non-nutritive products used in small amounts to improve feed quality, nutrient utilization, and growth performance in poultry. Common feed additives include growth promoters, toxin binders, antioxidants, electrolytes, emulsifiers, feed preservatives, pellet binders, and coccidiostates. Growth promoters can be antibiotic growth promoters, natural growth promoters like prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, yeasts, organic acids, herbal supplements, enzymes, and vitamins and minerals.
Factors affecting the nutritive Value of FeedShizra Imtiaz
The nutritive value of forages is influenced by several key factors:
1) Stage of maturity - As plants mature, protein decreases and fiber increases, lowering digestibility.
2) Environmental conditions - Soil properties, climate, altitude can impact a plant's ability to absorb nutrients and modify its composition.
3) Plant species - Different plant types naturally contain varying mineral and protein levels that suit different classes of livestock.
This document discusses haylage, which is partially dried forage that is ensiled like silage. It is made from forages that are cut slightly earlier than hay, wilted to 40-60% dry matter, and fermented. This produces a higher-quality feed than hay but with less risk of spoilage than silage. The document covers different types of haylage production methods, including baleage. It explains that haylage has higher nutritional value and dry matter digestibility than hay, with less leaf loss during harvest. Good fermentation is important to preserve quality. Ensiling can help reduce nitrate levels in forages. Feeding haylage is similar to feeding large round bales using a ring feeder
Types and forms of feed and feeding methods in poultrySarangVajpeyee1
This document discusses different types of feed and feeding methods for poultry. It outlines eight main types of feed including broiler feed, layer feed, and breeder feed. These feeds vary based on the bird's life stage and purpose. The document also describes the forms feed can take such as mash, pellets, and crumbles, and how these differ in particle size and palatability. Finally, various feeding methods like whole grain, scratch grain, and mash methods are outlined.
This document discusses feeding management of poultry. It begins by stating that India ranks 3rd in egg production and 4th in broiler production globally. It then discusses the six major classes of nutrients needed in poultry feed: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The document goes on to describe energy and protein requirements, types of protein supplements, mineral requirements including calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin requirements and deficiency diseases. It also discusses factors that affect feed intake and efficiency. Finally, it outlines feeding practices for broiler chickens and layers at different stages.
The document discusses quality and safety of animal feed in India. It states that feed quality is defined by the degree of excellence and nutrients supplied. In India, the Bureau of Indian Standards regulates quality control and has committees that set standards for feed ingredients and formulations to ensure feeds are accurately described and safe. The document outlines testing methods for feeds and ingredients, including physical, chemical and biological tests to evaluate nutrients, contaminants, and mycotoxins. Maximum limits for toxins like aflatoxin in different feeds are also provided.
This document discusses poultry feeding, including facts to consider when formulating rations, nutrient requirements, and feeding practices for broilers and laying hens. Key points include that feed must contain all essential nutrients, requirements differ by age, and poultry depend on dietary sources of nutrients. Nutrient requirements discussed include energy, primarily from cereal grains and added fats; protein, using various plant and animal sources; and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and salt. Vitamin supplementation is also generally required. Feeding practices for broilers involve starter, grower, and finisher rations, while laying hens have higher energy, protein, calcium and other nutrient needs to support egg production.
This document outlines the management of a dairy farm. It discusses the production cycle of cattle from birth through calving cycles. Key aspects include feeding calves colostrum, transitioning to milk or milk replacer, breeding at 15-18 months, a calving period of 280 days after breeding, and milking cycles of 7-10 months. It also covers milking management, including machine milking and cleaning, and feeding and watering cattle at different life stages. The goal is to maximize productivity through optimal nutrition, comfort, and reproduction at each phase of the cattle lifecycle.
This document discusses feedstuffs and nutrition for large animals including swine, sheep, and goats. It defines feedstuffs and their primary functions of providing nutrients and energy. It describes the international feed identification system and the eight classes of feedstuffs. For each species, it discusses their water, energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin nutrition as well as common nutritional diseases and feeding management practices.
Backyard poultry farming is a small-scale system where a rural household keeps 5-25 birds primarily for family use and consumption. Any surplus eggs or birds are sold locally to generate additional income. It is an important source of nutrition, income and asset building for poorer families. The birds require adequate housing that protects them from weather and predators while providing access to feed, water, light and ventilation. Though production is low, backyard poultry is low-cost and the birds can find food by scavenging, making it a valuable system for rural livelihoods.
The role of livestock in food and nutrition securityILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the University of Florida Global Nutrition Symposium on ‘Nurturing development: Improving Human Nutrition with Animal-Source Foods’, 29–30 March 2017
The document discusses meat inspection procedures, including ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection. Ante-mortem inspection involves examining live animals for signs of disease prior to slaughter. Post-mortem inspection involves examining carcasses and organs for abnormalities after slaughter. The objectives are to ensure only healthy animals are slaughtered and that meat is free of contaminants. Conditions examined include respiratory rate, behavior, injuries, and signs of disease. Abnormalities may require trimming of meat or whole condemnation. Localized lesions affect a body part, while generalized lesions spread systemically.
The document summarizes the digestion mechanism of various nutrients in poultry. It discusses that the digestive system breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins into smaller components that can be absorbed. Carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes into glucose, maltose, and other sugars. Proteins are denatured and broken into amino acids by enzymes in the proventriculus and gizzard. Fats undergo limited hydrolysis and are mainly digested in the small intestine by lipase and bile salts. Fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E undergo similar digestion to fats. Water-soluble vitamins like niacin have high digestibility.
This document discusses poultry and poultry product handling. It covers poultry production systems, advantages and disadvantages of poultry raising, management needs, challenges, and the poultry value chain. It also discusses handling of poultry and poultry products including transportation, grading and standardization, and packaging. The goal is to assess poultry production, management, and the value chain as well as challenges and constraints within the system.
The document summarizes the digestive system of poultry. It describes the different parts of the digestive tract including the mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. It also discusses accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas that secrete enzymes to aid digestion. The digestive system breaks down feed into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body.
Presentation on unconventional feed stuff complete1Harshit Saxena
This presentation discusses unconventional feed resources, their characteristics, limitations, and processing. Some key points:
- Unconventional feeds include agricultural and industrial byproducts traditionally not used for animal feeding. They provide nutrients but also contain antinutritional factors.
- India faces shortages of green fodder (63%), dry fodder (23%), and concentrates (48%). Unconventional feeds can help meet demands, especially during scarcity.
- Feeds vary in nutrients as energy sources, protein sources, or miscellaneous sources. Processing through expander extrusion can increase their nutritive value when included in total mixed rations.
- Constraints to use include limited composition knowledge
Non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) such as sugar beet pulp, citrus pulp, banana waste, cassava pulp, and maize residues can help address shortages in conventional animal feed. NCFRs are low-cost, provide nutrients, and can be used fresh or ensiled. Specifically, sugar beet pulp can replace up to 20% of animal feed and stores well as silage. Citrus pulp is high in energy and digestible for ruminants. Banana waste and cassava pulp have been used to feed livestock in Asia.
This document summarizes the six major classes of nutrients required by livestock:
1. Water is the most critical nutrient and functions in many biological processes. Requirements vary by species from very little for desert rats to 25-29 gallons daily for dairy cows.
2. Carbohydrates are an energy source, building block for other nutrients, and excess is stored as fat. Ruminants can break down fiber while monogastrics cannot.
3. Fats are a dense energy source and provide insulation. Sources include oils, rendered animal byproducts, and fiber reduces dust in feed.
4. Proteins provide amino acids but ruminants can use non-protein nitrogen from microbes while monoga
Unit- I, Lecture- 5 discusses measures of feed energy. It begins by outlining the objectives of imparting knowledge on partitioning of feed energy for livestock. It then defines various measures of feed energy from gross energy to net energy. Gross energy is the total energy in a feed. Digestible energy is gross energy minus energy lost in feces. Metabolizable energy is digestible energy minus losses in urine and gas. Net energy is metabolizable energy minus heat produced during digestion. The lecture provides details on how each form of energy is calculated and factors that can influence energy values.
This document discusses three main reasons why humans eat meat: 1) it provides satiety, 2) can be prepared in various ways, and 3) provides nutrients in proportions needed by the human body. It then describes important characteristics of meat for processing, including high water-holding capacity, soluble proteins, and emulsion capacity. Various meat preservation techniques are outlined such as cold storage, dehydration, salting, curing, and smoking. Common materials used in meat processing include salt, sugar, nitrates, phosphates, spices, and binders. Finally, it briefly discusses foodborne diseases from pathogens in contaminated food or water.
Stress management is important for poultry as birds have limited resources for growth and responding to environmental changes. Cold stress is more dangerous than heat stress as it causes more fat deposition and weight gain in birds, leading to long term problems and economic losses. During heat stress, birds cannot maintain temperature and pant to cool down. This reduces performance. Proper housing ventilation and evaporative cooling can help alleviate heat stress. Feeding fat, vitamins, and electrolytes supplemented diets and providing plenty of fresh, cool water can also help birds better handle stress.
The document discusses common terms used in animal feeding and nutrition. It defines terms like acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein, carbohydrates, concentrates, and crude fiber. It also covers topics like balanced rations, anti-quality factors, and by-pass protein. Laboratory analyses of feeds assess parameters like fiber and protein content to determine nutritive value. Proper understanding of these terms is important for effective animal feeding.
This document discusses different methods of formulating and delivering feed to pigs. It describes computing rations using the Pearson square method to formulate a feed mixture meeting nutrient requirements. It also discusses different feed processing methods like grinding, pelleting and heating. The types of feeding systems for pigs are described including dry, liquid and complete diet systems. The advantages and types of different feeding methods and equipment are also summarized.
This document discusses feeding systems and nutrient requirements for swine. It describes the three main feeding systems for pigs as extensive/scavenging, semi-intensive/semi-scavenging, and intensive. It outlines the nutrient requirements for pigs at different growth phases according to sources like NRC and BIS. The document provides recommended ingredient compositions for starter, grower, and finisher diets. It also discusses feeding recommendations for different pig stages like creep feeding, weaning, gestating and lactating sows, and use of unconventional feedstuffs in pig rations.
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
ILRI is an international agricultural research organization that works to improve food security and reduce poverty in developing countries through research for better and more sustainable use of livestock. ILRI has over 630 staff from over 30 countries working on projects related to animal and human health, sustainable livestock systems, policies and livelihoods, livestock genetics, and feed and forage development. ILRI conducts research at large campuses in Kenya and Ethiopia as well as regional and country offices in 14 countries. The presentation discusses the large health burden of foodborne diseases in developing countries and how they impact development, nutrition, livelihoods, and market access. It also examines where food and foodborne diseases originate from in developing countries and challenges with managing food
This document outlines the management of a dairy farm. It discusses the production cycle of cattle from birth through calving cycles. Key aspects include feeding calves colostrum, transitioning to milk or milk replacer, breeding at 15-18 months, a calving period of 280 days after breeding, and milking cycles of 7-10 months. It also covers milking management, including machine milking and cleaning, and feeding and watering cattle at different life stages. The goal is to maximize productivity through optimal nutrition, comfort, and reproduction at each phase of the cattle lifecycle.
This document discusses feedstuffs and nutrition for large animals including swine, sheep, and goats. It defines feedstuffs and their primary functions of providing nutrients and energy. It describes the international feed identification system and the eight classes of feedstuffs. For each species, it discusses their water, energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin nutrition as well as common nutritional diseases and feeding management practices.
Backyard poultry farming is a small-scale system where a rural household keeps 5-25 birds primarily for family use and consumption. Any surplus eggs or birds are sold locally to generate additional income. It is an important source of nutrition, income and asset building for poorer families. The birds require adequate housing that protects them from weather and predators while providing access to feed, water, light and ventilation. Though production is low, backyard poultry is low-cost and the birds can find food by scavenging, making it a valuable system for rural livelihoods.
The role of livestock in food and nutrition securityILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the University of Florida Global Nutrition Symposium on ‘Nurturing development: Improving Human Nutrition with Animal-Source Foods’, 29–30 March 2017
The document discusses meat inspection procedures, including ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection. Ante-mortem inspection involves examining live animals for signs of disease prior to slaughter. Post-mortem inspection involves examining carcasses and organs for abnormalities after slaughter. The objectives are to ensure only healthy animals are slaughtered and that meat is free of contaminants. Conditions examined include respiratory rate, behavior, injuries, and signs of disease. Abnormalities may require trimming of meat or whole condemnation. Localized lesions affect a body part, while generalized lesions spread systemically.
The document summarizes the digestion mechanism of various nutrients in poultry. It discusses that the digestive system breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins into smaller components that can be absorbed. Carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes into glucose, maltose, and other sugars. Proteins are denatured and broken into amino acids by enzymes in the proventriculus and gizzard. Fats undergo limited hydrolysis and are mainly digested in the small intestine by lipase and bile salts. Fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E undergo similar digestion to fats. Water-soluble vitamins like niacin have high digestibility.
This document discusses poultry and poultry product handling. It covers poultry production systems, advantages and disadvantages of poultry raising, management needs, challenges, and the poultry value chain. It also discusses handling of poultry and poultry products including transportation, grading and standardization, and packaging. The goal is to assess poultry production, management, and the value chain as well as challenges and constraints within the system.
The document summarizes the digestive system of poultry. It describes the different parts of the digestive tract including the mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. It also discusses accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas that secrete enzymes to aid digestion. The digestive system breaks down feed into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body.
Presentation on unconventional feed stuff complete1Harshit Saxena
This presentation discusses unconventional feed resources, their characteristics, limitations, and processing. Some key points:
- Unconventional feeds include agricultural and industrial byproducts traditionally not used for animal feeding. They provide nutrients but also contain antinutritional factors.
- India faces shortages of green fodder (63%), dry fodder (23%), and concentrates (48%). Unconventional feeds can help meet demands, especially during scarcity.
- Feeds vary in nutrients as energy sources, protein sources, or miscellaneous sources. Processing through expander extrusion can increase their nutritive value when included in total mixed rations.
- Constraints to use include limited composition knowledge
Non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) such as sugar beet pulp, citrus pulp, banana waste, cassava pulp, and maize residues can help address shortages in conventional animal feed. NCFRs are low-cost, provide nutrients, and can be used fresh or ensiled. Specifically, sugar beet pulp can replace up to 20% of animal feed and stores well as silage. Citrus pulp is high in energy and digestible for ruminants. Banana waste and cassava pulp have been used to feed livestock in Asia.
This document summarizes the six major classes of nutrients required by livestock:
1. Water is the most critical nutrient and functions in many biological processes. Requirements vary by species from very little for desert rats to 25-29 gallons daily for dairy cows.
2. Carbohydrates are an energy source, building block for other nutrients, and excess is stored as fat. Ruminants can break down fiber while monogastrics cannot.
3. Fats are a dense energy source and provide insulation. Sources include oils, rendered animal byproducts, and fiber reduces dust in feed.
4. Proteins provide amino acids but ruminants can use non-protein nitrogen from microbes while monoga
Unit- I, Lecture- 5 discusses measures of feed energy. It begins by outlining the objectives of imparting knowledge on partitioning of feed energy for livestock. It then defines various measures of feed energy from gross energy to net energy. Gross energy is the total energy in a feed. Digestible energy is gross energy minus energy lost in feces. Metabolizable energy is digestible energy minus losses in urine and gas. Net energy is metabolizable energy minus heat produced during digestion. The lecture provides details on how each form of energy is calculated and factors that can influence energy values.
This document discusses three main reasons why humans eat meat: 1) it provides satiety, 2) can be prepared in various ways, and 3) provides nutrients in proportions needed by the human body. It then describes important characteristics of meat for processing, including high water-holding capacity, soluble proteins, and emulsion capacity. Various meat preservation techniques are outlined such as cold storage, dehydration, salting, curing, and smoking. Common materials used in meat processing include salt, sugar, nitrates, phosphates, spices, and binders. Finally, it briefly discusses foodborne diseases from pathogens in contaminated food or water.
Stress management is important for poultry as birds have limited resources for growth and responding to environmental changes. Cold stress is more dangerous than heat stress as it causes more fat deposition and weight gain in birds, leading to long term problems and economic losses. During heat stress, birds cannot maintain temperature and pant to cool down. This reduces performance. Proper housing ventilation and evaporative cooling can help alleviate heat stress. Feeding fat, vitamins, and electrolytes supplemented diets and providing plenty of fresh, cool water can also help birds better handle stress.
The document discusses common terms used in animal feeding and nutrition. It defines terms like acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein, carbohydrates, concentrates, and crude fiber. It also covers topics like balanced rations, anti-quality factors, and by-pass protein. Laboratory analyses of feeds assess parameters like fiber and protein content to determine nutritive value. Proper understanding of these terms is important for effective animal feeding.
This document discusses different methods of formulating and delivering feed to pigs. It describes computing rations using the Pearson square method to formulate a feed mixture meeting nutrient requirements. It also discusses different feed processing methods like grinding, pelleting and heating. The types of feeding systems for pigs are described including dry, liquid and complete diet systems. The advantages and types of different feeding methods and equipment are also summarized.
This document discusses feeding systems and nutrient requirements for swine. It describes the three main feeding systems for pigs as extensive/scavenging, semi-intensive/semi-scavenging, and intensive. It outlines the nutrient requirements for pigs at different growth phases according to sources like NRC and BIS. The document provides recommended ingredient compositions for starter, grower, and finisher diets. It also discusses feeding recommendations for different pig stages like creep feeding, weaning, gestating and lactating sows, and use of unconventional feedstuffs in pig rations.
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
ILRI is an international agricultural research organization that works to improve food security and reduce poverty in developing countries through research for better and more sustainable use of livestock. ILRI has over 630 staff from over 30 countries working on projects related to animal and human health, sustainable livestock systems, policies and livelihoods, livestock genetics, and feed and forage development. ILRI conducts research at large campuses in Kenya and Ethiopia as well as regional and country offices in 14 countries. The presentation discusses the large health burden of foodborne diseases in developing countries and how they impact development, nutrition, livelihoods, and market access. It also examines where food and foodborne diseases originate from in developing countries and challenges with managing food
An integrated approach to assessing and improving milk safety and nutrition i...ILRI
Presentation by G. Msalya, E. Joseph, F. Shija, L.R. Kurwijila, D. Grace, K Roesel, B Haesler, F Ogutu, A Fetsch, G Misinzo and H Nonga at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and clinical examinations as well as indirect methods like dietary assessments, vital statistics, and socioeconomic factors. It provides details on specific anthropometric indicators, nutritional assessment techniques for children, and how to interpret dietary and anthropometric data. The overall aim of nutritional assessment is to identify malnutrition, develop health programs, and measure their effectiveness.
One Health and food safety research in developing countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Rortana Chea at a seminar on 'Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance: One Health Perspectives', Battambang, Cambodia, 12 August 2019.
Dr. Leah Dorman - Antibiotic Free (ABF), No Antibiotics Ever (NAE) - What’s I...John Blue
Antibiotic Free (ABF), No Antibiotics Ever (NAE) - What’s It to Me? - Dr. Leah Dorman, Director, Food Integrity & Consumer Engagement, Phibro Animal Health, from the 2016 NIAA Annual Conference: From Farm to Table - Food System Biosecurity for Animal Agriculture, April 4-7, 2016, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2016_niaa_farm_table_food_system_biosecurity
This document discusses food safety in the context of One Health and summarizes the key learnings from studying food safety interventions. It finds that:
1. Foodborne diseases impose a large health and economic burden worldwide, especially in developing countries where most foods are sold in wet markets.
2. Existing interventions have had limited impact because they often focus on regulations, exports, and formal sectors without addressing the incentives and behaviors of actors in informal domestic markets.
3. A more effective approach incorporates technology, training, incentives, and nudges to change behaviors, supported by an enabling policy environment. This "three-legged stool" approach shows promise for improving food safety at scale.
Dr. Peter Davies - How Scientific Advances Are Being Used To Meet Consumers' ...John Blue
How Scientific Advances Are Being Used To Meet Consumers' Needs And Ensure Public Health - Dr. Peter Davies, Professor, University of Minnesota, from the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium: New Science & Technology Tools for Antibiotic Stewardship, November 13-15, 2018, Overland Park, KS, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8ZKJKD9cmEffjOrjbBvQZeN2_SZB_Skc
Food safety research and training in informal/wet markets in Southeast AsiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Rortana Chea and Delia Grace at the 5th Asia-Pacific Food Safety International Virtual Conference, 27–28 January 2021.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish: Phase II ideasILRI
Presented by Tom Randolph, John McIntire, Malcolm Beveridge, Michael Peters and Barbara Rischkowsky at the CGIAR Consortium Office, Montpellier, 27 June 2013
Food safety in the era of COVID-19: Ensuring consumers’ trustILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on ‘Food safety in the context of sustainable food systems: Moving forward for a healthy tomorrow in Europe and Central Asia’, 7 June 2021.
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at the online Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Food Safety Conference for Asia and the Pacific on ‘Communicating food safety in the era of COVID-19: Earning consumers’ trust’, 19 November 2020.
This document provides an agenda and details for an event on sustainability in the marketplace held on July 18 at IFT 2016. The event will feature presentations on sustainable brands, retailers, and practices according to consumer perception data from IFIC. It will also include a case study on McDonald's sustainable practices and their effect on the bottom line. Finally, there will be a presentation from the United Soybean Board on insights about soy's sustainability from a farm perspective.
Cows, missing milk markets and nutrition in rural Ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between cow ownership and child nutrition in rural Ethiopia. The study finds that owning a cow significantly increases the likelihood that a child ages 6-24 months will consume milk and the number of days they consume milk per week. Cow ownership is also found to greatly reduce the likelihood of stunting in children ages 12-24 months. These effects are stronger when the village lacks a food market. The document recommends policies to increase cow ownership, dairy productivity, and dairy market development to improve child nutrition, as undernutrition negatively impacts long-term human capital development.
In 2022, the plant-based meat and seafood retail industry generated $6.1 billion in global
sales, growing eight percent by dollars and five percent by weight. Combined plant-based milk,
cheese, and yogurt hit $21.6 billion on the global stage, up seven percent from 2021. Amid
challenging macroeconomic and market conditions, this rapidly evolving industry made major
strides across the areas of science, sustainability, and public and private sector support. As
consumer engagement with, and interest in, plant-based proteins increases around the world,
retailers and manufacturers are leaning in, introducing new products, developing strategic
partnerships, and building new production facilities. Public sector participation is also
increasing, with more governments around the world investing in plant-based proteins as a
research and commercialization priority.
Dr. James Kober - Swine Disease Diagnostics and Economics ConsiderationsJohn Blue
Swine Disease Diagnostics and Economics Considerations - Dr. James Kober, Swine Veterinary Services of MI, LLC/Partner-4 Star Veterinary Services, LLC, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
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Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
2. Outline
oWhy we need evidence
oLatest evidence on livestock and nutrition and
health from ILRI & partners
oHow scientists mislead with evidence
#LivestockAgenda
11. Screening process: PRISMA Flow chart for paper selection
1669 records identified through database
after removal of duplicates
PubMed, CabDirect,
Cochrane libraries
ABSTRACT
IDENTIFICATION
SCREENING
59 abstracts identified for consideration
Double blind screening
of abstracts
(4 reviewers)
53 Full text articles obtained to assess
eligibility
35 excluded for not
meeting eligibility
criteria
PAPER
OBTENTION
INCLUSION/DATA
EXTRACTION Double data extraction
(4 reviewers)
13 papers selected
12. Livestock products and nutrition
240ml milk/day = 0.4cm taller/year
(more if stunted or adolescence)
One egg a day = almost halved stunting
13. Strong Conclusions
Some consistency :
• Positive role of milk in linear growth and MUAC (not in all) =>
supported with results from other countries (meta-analysis
by de Beer 2011)
• Cognitive skills more promoted by meat than by milk
• Limited role of egg => New evidence on eggs to be
incorporated (Iannotti, 2017)
• The more under-nourished, the better the results
Not consistency in:
• Micronutrient results
14. Causes of Food Borne Disease
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
Microbes Helminths Aflatoxins Other toxins
Burden LMIC (DALYs)
zoonoses
non zoonoses
World Health
Organisation, 2016(worms)
15. Foods implicated in FBD
Fruit Milk Veggies Fish Meat/eggs
World Health
Organisation, 2017
16. Applying the human capital approach (foregone output
due to premature mortality) the 2010 economic costs are
in range of USD 12 billion to 55 billion USD
Best estimates of current FBD burden in India – about
100 million cases per year with and economic costs in
the range of USD 12 billion to 55 billion USD
Expected FBD burden in India to rise from 100 up to 170
million in 2030 – increasing from one out of 12 to one out of 9
people falling sick on average
GDP growth has largest impact on increase in FBD
cases from 2011 to 2030, followed by population
growth
Hyderab
ad
Painter BadBugs Tam
Urbanization 4 3 3 4
GDP Effect 22 35 42 51
Population Effect 23 23 23 23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
New FBD
cases from
2011 to 2030
(millions, by
estimation
method)
FBD going up, up, up
18. SLR: Food safety improvements are feasible, effective, affordable
Most experiments evaluating the effectiveness of technologies were successful
• Irradiation successfully reduced bio-amines in sausages.
• Sealing the anus and throat of cattle during slaughter successfully reduced carcase contamination.
• Spraying carcases with vinegar reduced contamination.
• The biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum, reduced Aspergillus flavus infection of groundnut in the field and increased yields.
Many training interventions were successful:
• Simple hygiene messages were given to mothers and microbial quality of complementary food improved as evaluated by a RCT.
• School canteens were given hygiene training. After the intervention, staff hygiene knowledge and practice scores, food temperature, aerobic colony count (ACC)
and Staphylococcus aureus load in ready to eat (RTE) meal improved significantly compared to baseline.
• Farmers were trained to remove visibly contaminated maize kernels and to wash the remainder. Compared to baseline, mycotoxins in urine significantly
decreased.
Interventions around introducing new processes could lead to improvements:
• The introduction of HACCP to an ice-cream making plant resulted in a reduction in microbial contamination of the product.
• Certified green bean farms in Kenya had much better safety performance than non-certified pepper farms in Uganda.
• Detailed abattoir inspection led to a higher detection of tuberculosis infected carcases than routine inspection.
All willingness to pay experiments indicated consumers were WTP for safer food 18
19. How scientists lie about evidence
o Weasel words
o Creative causality
o Ignore guidelines
#LivestockAgenda
20. Weasel words
o Depends on
o Significant
o Controls for
o Determines, associated with, linked with,
protects
#LivestockAgenda
21. Creative causality
Non experimental designs can only suggest
o Can’t control completely with a regression model or propensity
score
• Models can only say might
o Can’t get causality from a cross sectional (with –without) study
o Can’t get causality from a before and after study
#LivestockAgenda
22. Before and after
o MVP mid-term evaluation report highlights “Proportion of households that own a
mobile phone increased fourfold” as one of the project’s “biggest impacts” in Bar-Sauri.
Sixth Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting
Panama 20-23 June 2016
http://blogs.worl
dbank.org/africa
can/the-
millennium-
villages-project-
continues-to-
systematically-
overstate-its-
effects
23. Observational studies
o Book “Uncontrolled” (Manzi) summarized: 90% of large RCT replicated
• as compared to only 20% of non-RCT
o Young and Carr looked at 52 claims made in medical observational studies
• NONE (zero) of the claims replicated in RCTs,
• 5 claims were stat-sig in the opposite direction in the RCT
• Their summary: any claim coming from a non-RCT is most likely to be wrong
o Even well-controlled, published non-RCT have been reversed by RCT
Sixth Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting
Panama 20-23 June 2016
24. Cross-sectional studies
o Many studies show an association between red and processed meat and increases
in total mortality, cancer mortality and CVD mortality even after statistical control
o Recent, large, multi-country study found high CHO intake linked to worse total
mortality and CVD outcomes, high fat intake associated with lower risk. Animal
protein was associated with lower risk of total mortality, plant protein was not.
o A very large observational study found red meat increased the risk total mortality
and white meat decreased it. Is red meat and white meat so different, or are these
divergent outcomes a product of who eats red meat vs who eats white meat?
Sixth Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting
Panama 20-23 June 2016
25. Creative causality
RCT can be done wrong too
oMust be controlled, controls must be random
oMust follow best practice guidelines
oComparisons require corrections
oCan’t infer causality from a secondary outcome
#LivestockAgenda
27. Doing it wrong
o Failure to evaluate large scale investments
o Interventions without measuring outcomes – yet some interventions make things
worse
o Near-term, easy, un-important outcomes e.g. changes in knowledge
o Reliance on self-reporting (e.g. diarrhea)
o Short-term follow ups – no attention to sustainability
o Limited information on economic aspects – many likely unaffordable
o Lack of attention to incentives
o Limited cover of un-intended consequences especially gender and nutrition
Sixth Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting
Panama 20-23 June 2016
28. Composite study on nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions
o Agricultural intervention in villages to improve nutrition of children
o Provided seeds, poultry, training, BCC
o Cluster randomised controlled trial
o Outcomes: HAZ, WHZ, wasting, stunting, Hb, anaemia, diarrhoea, cognitive performance.
o No significant effect on HAZ, WHZ
o Marginally significant on Hb – p=0.06
o No change anaemia, significant improvement cognition
o Significant effect on diarrhoea
o Girls between 6 months and 12 had significantly reduced stunting
Sixth Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting
Panama 20-23 June 2016
29. Doing it right
o Do a RCT if you want to make claims about cause/ impact
o Clearly specify a single primary outcome of the study or include few primary
outcomes along with a strategy to account for multiplicity,
o Specify a limited number of secondary outcomes, along with a justification
o Published protocol in a recognized trial registry prior to the start of trial analysis,
o Ensure that the discussion of outcomes is consistent in the protocol, abstract,
methods, results and tables, and,
o Use principled approaches to account for multiple outcomes to help minimize the
chance of spurious results due to multiplicity and help to ensure maximal gain of
evidence-based knowledge accrues from these important and expensive trials.
Sixth Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) meeting
Panama 20-23 June 2016