The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and clinical examinations as well as indirect methods like dietary assessments, vital statistics, and socioeconomic factors. It provides details on specific anthropometric indicators, nutritional assessment techniques for children, and how to interpret dietary and anthropometric data. The overall aim of nutritional assessment is to identify malnutrition, develop health programs, and measure their effectiveness.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Discuss essential components and purposes of nutritional assessment and nutritional screening.
Identify developmental nutritional considerations.
Identify factors influencing nutrition.
Identify anthropometric measures.
Identify risk factors and clinical signs of malnutrition.
Describe nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition.
Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care associated with nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems.
Weighing of the child at regular intervals, the plotting of that weight on a graph (called a growth chart) enabling one to see changes in weight, and giving advice to the mother based on this weight change is called ‘GROWTH MONITORING’
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Discuss essential components and purposes of nutritional assessment and nutritional screening.
Identify developmental nutritional considerations.
Identify factors influencing nutrition.
Identify anthropometric measures.
Identify risk factors and clinical signs of malnutrition.
Describe nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition.
Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care associated with nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems.
Weighing of the child at regular intervals, the plotting of that weight on a graph (called a growth chart) enabling one to see changes in weight, and giving advice to the mother based on this weight change is called ‘GROWTH MONITORING’
Assessment Methods For Nutritional StatusDrSindhuAlmas
By the end of this lecture the you should be able:
To know the different methods for assessing the nutritional status To understand the basic anthropometric techniques, applications, & reference standards
nutritional assessment - a community based survey/study performed in children.
Anthropometry holds an important position in the assessment of nutrition.
it comprises easy and simple tools that can be analysed by ASHAs and ANMs at community level too apart from physicians.
Globally 165 million children under-five
years of age are stunted. Hence development of local
therapeutic nutritional intervention is recommended by WHO.
Present study was designed to find the efficacy of the
nutritional intervention for the recovery of impaired lipid
metabolism and correlation of weight for height% with
cholesterol, triglyceride in malnourished children. 105 test and
100 control SAM children without infection, of 1 to 5 years of
age and either sex were enrolled. Test group was given
treatment of nutritional intervention therapy, providing 2.5 to
3gm Protein and 90-100 kcal /kg body Weight/day, for the
three months. Their Anthropometric, and Biochemical
parameters were measured before and after the nutritional
therapy. Before the nutritional intervention treatment P values
for Serum Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, Weight for height
%, were insignificant suggestive of similar baseline
characteristics at enrollment. After nutritional intervention
treatment P values for Serum Total cholesterol, Triglyceride,
Weight for height % were highly significant. The r value of
Pearson correlation coefficient for triglycerides in the study
group and its ANOVA model was very significant, showing
poor positive correlation with weight for height % while for
total cholesterol it was found to be insignificant. Depending on
results we conclude that it is the most effective food supplement
for the speedy recovery of the impaired lipid metabolism in
SAM children and the use of weight for height % as a
anthropometric marker for the pre-indication of fatty liver in
malnourished children
Assessment Methods For Nutritional StatusDrSindhuAlmas
By the end of this lecture the you should be able:
To know the different methods for assessing the nutritional status To understand the basic anthropometric techniques, applications, & reference standards
nutritional assessment - a community based survey/study performed in children.
Anthropometry holds an important position in the assessment of nutrition.
it comprises easy and simple tools that can be analysed by ASHAs and ANMs at community level too apart from physicians.
Globally 165 million children under-five
years of age are stunted. Hence development of local
therapeutic nutritional intervention is recommended by WHO.
Present study was designed to find the efficacy of the
nutritional intervention for the recovery of impaired lipid
metabolism and correlation of weight for height% with
cholesterol, triglyceride in malnourished children. 105 test and
100 control SAM children without infection, of 1 to 5 years of
age and either sex were enrolled. Test group was given
treatment of nutritional intervention therapy, providing 2.5 to
3gm Protein and 90-100 kcal /kg body Weight/day, for the
three months. Their Anthropometric, and Biochemical
parameters were measured before and after the nutritional
therapy. Before the nutritional intervention treatment P values
for Serum Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, Weight for height
%, were insignificant suggestive of similar baseline
characteristics at enrollment. After nutritional intervention
treatment P values for Serum Total cholesterol, Triglyceride,
Weight for height % were highly significant. The r value of
Pearson correlation coefficient for triglycerides in the study
group and its ANOVA model was very significant, showing
poor positive correlation with weight for height % while for
total cholesterol it was found to be insignificant. Depending on
results we conclude that it is the most effective food supplement
for the speedy recovery of the impaired lipid metabolism in
SAM children and the use of weight for height % as a
anthropometric marker for the pre-indication of fatty liver in
malnourished children
This ppt was prepared by Mohammed Seid Ali (Researcher, Educator, Clinician; Assistant professor) from Gondar, Ethiopia. The ppt contains 52 slides about nutritional assessment in children. The topic is very important for all readers across the world to identify nutritional problems easily, design appropriate interventions, implement nutritional-related health policies, and for the clinicians as a baseline to treat nutritional abnormalities
Presentation by Delia Grace at the 8th multi-stakeholder partnership meeting of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 11–15 June 2018.
Under nutrition is often an invisible and silent
emergency.2 It recognizes that hunger and malnutrition are rooted
in poverty, deprivation, and under development, and that they are
the result of inadequate access to the basic requirements for
nutritional well-being, including safe and adequate food, care,
health, education and a clean environment.1 Present study was
designed to find the efficacy of the nutritional intervention for the
recovery of impaired carbohydrate metabolism and correlation of
weight and height with PP-Sugar and BMI after nutritional
rehabilitation.105 test and 100 control SAM children without
infection, of 1 to 5 years of age and either sex were enrolled. Test
group was given treatment of nutritional intervention therapy,
providing 2.5 to 3gm Protein and 90-100 kcal / kg body
Weight/day, for the three months.
Their blood sugar, BMI, weight and height were measured before
and after the nutritional therapy. Before the nutritional
intervention treatment P values for F and PP blood glucose, BMI,
Weight and height were insignificant suggestive of similar baseline
characteristics at enrollment. After nutritional intervention
treatment P values for F and PP blood glucose, BMI, Weight and
height were significant suggestive.
The r value of Pearson correlation coefficient for Sugar PP in the
study group was, showing poor positive correlation with height and
r value for BMI in the study group was showing poor negative
correlation with height.
The r value of Pearson correlation coefficient for Sugar PP in the
study group was, showing poor negative correlation with weight
and r value for BMI in the study group was showing poor positive
correlation with weight.
Depending on results the investigators conclude that for the speedy
recovery of the impaired carbohydrate metabolism in SAM
children it is the most effective food supplement.
Nutrition assessment in children- dr harivansh chopraHarivansh Chopra
Assessment of nutritional status especially in vulnerable population is important for taking prompt action. young children are the most affected proportion of the population in the world.In community settings, rapid methods of assessment are important tools to identify children suffering from both macro and micro deficiencies .This is pictorial presentation showing various methods as well as pictures of deficiencies
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
2. INTRODUCTION
The nutritional status of an individual is often the
result of many inter-related factors.
The spectrum of nutritional malnutrition(FAO- 460
million which contributes about 15% of world
population excluding china)
Of which 300million falls under south asia
Identify individuals or population groups at risk of
becoming malnourished
To develop health care programs that meet the
community needs which are defined by the
assessment
To measure the effectiveness of the nutritional
programs & intervention once initiated
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7. INDIRECT METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT
Dietary assessment
Ecological variables including crop production
Economic factors e.g. per capita income, population
density & social habits
Vital health statistics ,infant & under 5 mortality &
fertility index
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8. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
It is an essential features of all nutritional surveys
It is the simplest & most practical method of
ascertaining the nutritional status of a group of
individuals
It utilizes a number of physical signs, (specific & non
specific), that are known to be associated with
malnutrition and deficiency of vitamins &
micronutrients
ADVANTAGES
Fast & Easy to perform
Inexpensive
Non-invasive
LIMITATIONS
Does not detect early cases
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9. ANTHROPOMETRIC METHODS
It is an essential features of all nutritional surveys
It is the simplest & most practical method
It utilizes a number of physical signs, (specific & non
specific), associated with malnutrition and deficiency of
vitamins & micronutrients
Anthropometric measurements
Mid-arm circumference
Skin fold thickness
Head circumference
Head/chest ratio
Hip/waist ratio
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10. ANTHROPOMETRY FOR CHILDREN
Accurate measurement of height and weight is
essential. The results can then be used to evaluate
the physical growth of the child.
For growth monitoring the data are plotted on
growth charts over a period of time that is enough
to calculate growth velocity, which can then be
compared to international standards
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20. Advantages of anthropometry
Objective with high specificity & sensitivity
Measures many variables of nutritional significance (Ht, Wt, MAC, HC, skin
fold thickness, waist & hip ratio & BMI).
Readings are reproducable numerical & gradable on standard growth charts
Non-expensive & need minimal training
Limitations of Anthropometry
Inter-observers errors in measurement
Limited nutritional diagnosis
Problems with reference standards, i.e. local versus international standards.
Arbitrary statistical cut-off levels for what considered as abnormal values.
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21. FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Functional indicators of nutritional status are
diagnostic tests to determine the sufficiency of host
nutritional status
Functional indices of nutritional status include
cognitive ability, disease response, reproductive
competence, physical activity, work performance
Increased severity of malnutrition is associated with
an increased heart rate
Lactation performance
Growth velocity
Social performance
Prenatally undernourished infants show several
behavioural impairments
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22. RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
These tests are used in specific studies where additional
information regarding change in the bone or muscular
performance is requiredWhen clinical examination is
suggestive
rickets, there is healed concave line of increased density at
distal ends of long bones usually the radius and ulna.
In infantile scurvy there is ground glass appearance of long
bones with loss of density.
In beriberi there is increased cardiac size as visible through
X-rays.
Drawback, sophisticated and expensive equipments along
with technical knowledge are required in the interpreting
data.
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23. BIO- CHEMICAL &LABORATORY ASSESSMENT
Hemoglobin estimation is the most important test, &
useful index of the overall state of nutrition. Beside
anemia it also tells about protein & trace element
nutrition.
Stool examination for the presence of ova and/or
intestinal parasites
Urine dipstick & microscopy for albumin, sugar and
blood
Measurement of individual nutrient in body fluids
(e.g. serum retinol, serum iron, urinary iodine,
vitamin D)
Detection of abnormal amount of metabolites in the
urine (e.g. urinary creatinine/hydroxyproline ratio)
Analysis of hair, nails & skin for micro-nutrients.
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24. Advantages
It is useful in detecting early changes in body metabolism &
nutrition before the appearance of overt clinical signs.
It is precise, accurate and reproducible
.
Useful to validate data obtained from dietary methods e.g.
comparing salt intake with 24-hour urinary excretion.
Disadvantages
Time consuming
Expensive
They cannot be applied on large scale
Needs trained personnel & facilities
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28. DIETARY ASSESSMENT
Nutritional intake of humans is assessed by five
different methods. These are:
24 hours dietary recall
Food frequency questionnaire
Dietary history since early life
Food dairy technique
Observed food consumption
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29. 24 HOURS DIETARY RECALL
A trained interviewer asks the subject to recall all
food & drink taken in the previous 24 hours.
It is quick, easy, & depends on short-term memory,
but may not be truly representative of the person’s
usual intake
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30. FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE
In this method the subject is given a list of around
100 food items to indicate his or her intake
(frequency & quantity) per day, per week & per
month.
inexpensive, more representative & easy to use.
Limitations:
long Questionnaire
Errors with estimating serving size.
Needs updating with new commercial food
products to keep pace with changing dietary
habits.
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31. DIETARY HISTORY
It is an accurate method for assessing the
nutritional status.
The information should be collected by a trained
interviewer.
Details about usual intake, types, amount,
frequency & timing needs to be obtained.
Cross-checking to verify data is important.
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32. FOOD DAIRY
Food intake (types & amounts) should be recorded
by the subject at the time of consumption.
The length of the collection period range between 1-
7 days.
Reliable but difficult to maintain.
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33. OBSERVED FOOD CONSUMPTION
The most unused method in clinical practice, but it is
recommended for research purposes.
The meal eaten by the individual is weighed and
contents are exactly calculated.
The method is characterized by having a high
degree of accuracy but expensive & needs time &
efforts.
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34. INTERPRETATION OF DIETARY DATA
1. Qualitative Method
using the food pyramid & the basic food groups
method.
Different nutrients are classified into 5 groups (fat &
oils, bread & cereals, milk products, meat-fish-
poultry, vegetables & fruits)
determine the number of serving from each group &
compare it with minimum requirement.
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35. INTERPRETATION OF DIETARY DATA
2. Quantitative Method
The amount of energy & specific nutrients in each
food consumed can be calculated using food
composition tables & then compare it with the
recommended daily intake.
Evaluation by this method is expensive & time
consuming, unless computing facilities are available.
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36. VITAL STATISTICS
Morbidity & mortality data indicate extend of high risk in a
community
MORTALITY
Mortality particularly in age group of 1-4 is related to
malnourishement
Infant mortality rate
Second year mortality rate
Rate of low birth weight
Life expectancy
MORBIDITY
Morbidity datas like pem, anaemia, xerophthalmia other
vitamin deficiencies , diarrhoea provide aditional nutritional
status to the community
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38. LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Less than 2.5kg
Based on gestational age
Preterm
Term
Postterm
Low birth weight
Preterm
Small for date babies
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39. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION
Problems of malnutrition
Under nutrition
Over nutrition
Imbalance
specific deficiency
Ecological factors
Food balance sheet
Conditioning influences
Cultural influences
Socio economic factors
Food production
Health education & services
Nutritional surveillance, rehabilitation
Nutritional supplementation
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40. PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEASURES
Action at family level
Action at community level
Action at national level
Action at international level
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42. SOURCE
Ministry of health & family welfare
WHO (world health organization)
FAO(food & agriculture organization
Essential paediatrics ghai
Parks text book of preventive & social medicine
Motherchildnutrition.org
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