An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel. The three main types are aortic aneurysms, which occur in the aorta, cerebral aneurysms located in the brain arteries, and peripheral aneurysms in other arteries. Aneurysms are caused by a weakening of the arterial wall and can manifest as pain, shortness of breath, or nausea depending on their location. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or angiography. Treatment may involve medication, open surgery to replace the damaged vessel section, or endovascular repair using catheters and stent grafts.

1. ANEURYSMS
BY
MR.RAVISHANKAR
NURSING TUTOR
OJASWINI NURSING COLLEGE, SAGAR

2. INTRODUCTION:-
An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or
ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel.
aneurysmal dilatation.

3. DEFINITION:-
“An aneurysm is a distension of an artery brought by a
weaking or destruction of the arterial wall.”
An aneurysm is a balloon like bulge in an artery.

4. TYPES:-
1. Aortic aneurysm-
 most aneurysm occur in the aorta. It is the main artery that carries blood from heart to rest of the body.
The two types of aortic aneurysm:-
a) Thoracic aortic aneurysm:- it occurs in the part of aorta running through the thorax (chest) is
called thoracic aortic aneurysm.1/4 is TAAA.
b) Abdominal aortic aneurysm:- it occurs in the part of the aorta running through the abdomen is
called abdominal aortic aneurysm. ¾ are AAAs.

5. 2.CEREBRAL ANEURYSM:-
Its occurs in an artery in the brain called cerebral aneurysm. Sometimes
its called berry aneurysm because they are often the size of a small berry.

6. 3.PERIPHERALANEURYSM:-
Its occurs in the arteries other than the aorta
and the brain arteries are called peripheral
aneurysm.
Its common location for peripheral aneurysm
include the popliteal , femoral and carotid
arteries.

8. CAUSES:-

10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:-
Thoracic aortic aneurysm:-
 pain in jaw, neck, chest, upper back, and left shoulder.
 Shortness of breath, coughing.
Abdominal aneurysm:-
 Deep pain in the side of abdomen.
 Coldness, numbness,
 Nausea, vomiting.
 Sweaty skin

11. Cerebral aneurysm:-
 Droopy eyelid.
 Double vision.
 Pain in eye.
Peripheral aneurysm:-
 pain in leg and arm.
 Cramping with exercise.
 Painful toes or fingers.
 Gangrene (tissue death).

12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-
Chest x ray.
Ultrasound
ECG
CT Scan
MRI
Angiography.
Aortogram.

13. MANAGEMENT:-
Treatment or management depends on the size and location of aneurysm, overall health of
patient.
Medical management:-
• Beta blockers drugs
• Calcium channel blockers.

14. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:-
Open abdominal or open chest repair:-
• it involve a major cutb in the abdomen or chest.
• Anesthesia needed.
• Removed aneurysm and section or aorta is replaced .
• surgery takes 3-6 hours.
• Patient remain in the hospital for 5-8 days.

15. ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR:-
• In this surgery aneurysm is not removed but graft is
inserted into aorta to strengthen it.
• It perform through catheters tubes inserted into arteries.
• It does not require surgically opening the chest or
abdomen.
• Doctor insert catheter into artery in the groin area, and
watch on live-x ray.
• Surgeon threads the graft also called stent graft.
• It prevent the aneurysm from rupturing.

16. NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
• Check by palpation for a pulsating mass in the abdomen, at or above the umbilicus.
• Auscultate for a bruit (spread) over the abdominal aorta.
• Determine if there is tenderness on palpation (do not palpate too deep as there is a risk of
rupture).
• Ask if the patient has abdominal or lower back pain
• Adequate balance diet for wound healing.
• Administer pain medications.
• Assess the vital sign properly.