Aneurysm ,prepared by : Dalchand kailash institute of nursing and paramedical science, greater noida.

1. B.SC. NURSING 2ND YEAR
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MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-I
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ANEURISM

2. ANEURYSMS
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3. DEFINITION
• Aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the Wall of
an artery.
• Aneurysms can form in arteries of all size.
• Aneurysm occur when the pressure of blood passing through
part of weakened artery forces the vessels to bulge outward
forming what you might think of a blister.
• Most of aneurysms occurs in the aorta but they can also occur
in other arteries in the Brain, Heart, intestine, Neck, spleen,
back of the knee and Thigh.
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4. CLASSIFICATION
I.According to size
a) Fusiform Aneurysm :-It is diffuse dilation that involve the
entire circumference of the arterial segment i.e whole
arteries
b) Saccular Aneurysm :-It is distension of a vessels projecting
from one side. saccular aneurysm is a distinct localized
outpouching of the arterial wall
c) Dissecting Aneurysm :-Hemorrhage in intramural Hematoma
separating the layer of the arterial wall dissecting aneurysm
commonly involves Arch of aorta.
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5. CONTI…..
II.According to cause
• True aneurysm:- it is a result of the slow weakening of
arterial wall caused by long-term disease such as hypertension
atherosclerosis etc.
• False aneurysm:-pseudoneurysm is caused by traumatic break
in the arterial wall.
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6. TYPES
TYPES
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Aortic
Aneurysm
Cerebral
Aneurysm
Peripheral
Aneurysm

7. 1. Aortic Aneurysm
a) Thoracic aortic aneurysm:- An aortic aneurysm that occurs in
the part of the aorta running through the thorax (chest) is
called thoracic aortic aneurysm
b) Abdominal aortic aneurysm:-An aneurysm that occurs in the
part of the aorta running through the abdomen is called
Abdominal aortic aneurysm.
2.Cerebral Aneurysm:- Aneurysm that occurs in an artery in
the brain are called cerebral aneurysm they are sometimes called
Berry aneurysm because they are often the size of a small berry
most cerebral aneurysm produce no symptoms until they
become large begins to leak blood or rupture.
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8. 3. Peripheral Aneurysm:-
Aneurysm that occur in arteries other than the aorta are called
peripheral aneurysm. common location for peripheral aneurysm
include the popliteal artery that runs down the back of the
thigh behind the knee ;the femoral artery which is the main
artery in the groin; and the carotid artery which is the main
artery in the neck.
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9. CAUSES AND RISK FACTOR
• Congenital abnormalities
• Atherosclerosis
• Severe and persistent high blood pressure inside an artery
• Smoking
• Overweight or obesity
• Family history of aortic aneurysm, heart disease or other disease of the arteries.
• Inflammation of blood vessels
• Trauma such as a blow off to the chest in a car accident
• Stimulant drug like cocaine
• Deep wounds injuries or infection of the blood vessels
• Disease like marfan syndrome an inherited disease in which tissue don't develop
normally untreated syphilis, Polycystic kidney disease, and Tuberculosis
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10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
1.Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
• pain in the neck, chest, upper back or pain in the left shoulder or
between shoulder blades
• shortness of breath
• coughing
2. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
• pain in the back or side of the abdomen
• pain in the abdomen that last for hours or days at a time
• coldness numbness or tingling in the feet due to blocked blood flow
in the legs
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11. 3.Cerebral aneurysm :-
• A droopy eyelid
• Double vision
• pain above behind the eye
• A dilated pupil Numbness or weakness on one side of the face or
body
4.Peripheral Aneurysm :-
• pulsating lump that can be felt in the neck arm or leg
• Pain in leg or a hour or cramping with exercise
• Painful source or toes or fingers
• Gangrene from severe blocked blood flow in the limbs
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12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• An aneurysm may be diagnosed by chance during a routine
physical exam
• Chest X-ray
• Ultrasound
• Echocardiography
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Angiography
• Aortogram
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13. MANAGEMENT
Medical management
Most commonly used medicines are:- Beta blocker , calcium
channel blockers.
Surgical management.
Open Repair :-The traditional and most common type of surgery for
aortic aneurysm is open abdominal or open chest repair. it involves a
major in incision in the abdomen or chest. General anesthesia is
needed with this procedure. The aneurysm is removed and the
section of aorta is replaced with an artificial graft made of material
such as dacron or teflon. The surgery takes 3 to 6 hours and the
patient remain in the hospital for 5 to 8 days.
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14. • Endovascular Repair: In endovascular repair the aneurysm is not
removed but a graft is inserted into the aorta strengthen it This type
of surgery is performed through catheter inserted into the arteries it
does not require surgically opening the chest or abdomen.
• Endovascular coiling: This procedure treats cerebral aneurysms. The
surgeon inserts multiple coils (a spiral of platinum wire) through a
catheter to pack the aneurysm. This reduces blood flow to the
aneurysm and eliminates the risk of rupture.
• Microvascular clipping: This type of open brain surgery treats cerebral
aneurysms. The surgeon places a metal clip at the base of the aneurysm
to cut off blood supply.
• Catheter embolization: This procedure cuts off blood supply to the
aneurysm. The surgeon inserts a catheter into the affected artery, using
the tube to place medication or embolic agents that prevent bleeding.
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15. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• NURSING INTERVENSIONS
1.Maintaining perfusion of vital organs
• Assess for sign and symptoms of bleeding hypertension,
tachycardia tachypnea and diaphoresis and hypovolemic
shock.
• Monitor laboratory value and urine output hourly
• Perform neurovascular checks to distal extremity
• Maintain IV infusion to administer medication to control blood
pressure.
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16. 2.Preventing infection
• Monitor vital signs frequently and change in WBC count
• Monitor in incision site for sign and of infection
• Administer antibiotic drugs as prescribed to prevent infection
3.Relieving Pain
keep the head of the bed elevate no more than 45 degree for
first 3 days postoperatively to prevent pressure on incision sit.
Encourage the patient to maintain exercise schedule
postoperatively
Administer nasogastric decompression for ileus following
surgery until bowel sound Returns
Administer pain medication as prescribed to relieve.
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17. Thank You
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