Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked or narrowed arteries in the heart. During angioplasty, a catheter is inserted into an artery and guided to the blocked artery where a small balloon is inflated to push plaque against the artery wall. Sometimes a stent is placed to keep the artery open. The procedure aims to improve blood flow and relieve chest pain. Risks include bleeding, damage to blood vessels, and blockages requiring bypass surgery. Most patients recover within a day with some soreness or bruising at the insertion site.

1. A N G I O P L A S T Y I N
H E A R T D I S E A S E S
A N G I O P L A S T Y
- B Y P R A V I N

2. O U T L I N E S
• Introduction
• What is angioplasty
• Types of angioplasty
• How to prepare angioplasty
• Procedure
• Risk
• Recovery
• Summary

3. I N T R O D U C T I O N
Angioplasty is a medical procedure that opens up a blocked or narrowed artery
around the heart. It is a standard treatment for narrowed or blocked arteries in this area of
the body. Angioplasty, is also known as balloon angioplasty and percutaneous
transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to
widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis.
During angioplasty, a surgeon inserts a tube into an artery in the groin or
wrist. They then thread the tube towards the affected artery around the heart. Finally, they
insert a balloon or stent (metal tube) to open the artery.

4. W H AT I S A N G I O P L A S T Y ?
Angioplasty May gives rest from chest pain, angina and some cardiac
disease’s. In the term angioplasty, “angio” means blood vessel, and “plasty” is opening up.
Angioplasty is a conventional treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart
attacks (acute coronary syndrome). In these conditions, there is a build-up of plaque,
or atherosclerosis, on the walls of the arteries. As plaque accumulates, the arteries narrow
and can become blocked.
In a heart attack, the plaque may rupture, spilling cholesterol into an artery,
potentially leading to a clot that stops blood flow.

5. A N G I O P L A S T Y I S R E C O M M E N D E D
T O :
• treat an abnormal stress test
• increase blood flow to the heart
• reduce chest pain, or angina
• improve blood supply to the heart muscle during or after a heart attack
• support more activity for people with chest pain

6. T Y P E S O F A N G I O P L A S T Y :
• Balloon angioplasty, which involves using the pressure of an inflating balloon to clear
plaque that is blocking an artery. This is rarely done alone except in cases when doctors
are unable to place a stent in the required position.
• Stent placement in the artery, which involves a tube, or stent, made out of wire mesh.
Stents help to prevent an artery narrowing again after angioplasty.

7. S T E P S I N A N G I O P L A S T Y :
1. Build up of cholesterol Partially blocking blood flow through the artery’s.
2. Sent with balloon Inserted Partially block artery.
3. Balloon inflated to expand sent.
4. Balloon removed from expanded sent.

8. H O W T O P R E PA R E A N G I O P L A S T Y

9. P R O C E D U R E :
• Before beginning angioplasty, a healthcare professional will clean and numb the area
where the catheter enters the body, usually the groin but sometimes the wrist.
• Next, a doctor inserts the catheter into the artery and directs it towards the coronary
artery, watching its progress on an X-ray feed.
• Once the catheter is in position, the doctor injects a contrast dye through the artery,
which helps identify blockages around the heart. Once they locate the blockages, the
doctor inserts a second catheter and a guidewire, usually with a balloon at the tip.
• When the second catheter is in position, the doctor inflates the balloon, which pushes the
plaque buildup away and opens up the artery. The surgeon may insert a stent to keep the
artery propped open.

10. R I S K :
On the whole, angioplasty is a safe procedure without complications.
Although complications from angioplasty are rare, they can include:
• prolonged bleeding from the catheter insertion site in the groin or wrist
• damage to blood vessels, kidneys, or arteries
• an allergic reaction to the dye
• chest pain
• arrhythmia, or abnormal heart rhythm
• a blockage that requires an emergency bypass
• blood clot
• stroke
• heart attack
• a tear or damage to artery or major blood vessel

11. O T H E R R I S K :
Older individuals have a higher risk of complications from angioplasty, as do those with
the following conditions:
• heart disease
• several blocked arteries
• chronic kidney disease

12. R E C O V E R Y :
• When angioplasty is complete, the cardiologist removes the catheters and bandages.
Soreness, bruising, and possibly bleeding are common around the area where catheters
entered the body.
• Typically, a person will recover in the hospital for a few hours or overnight before going
home. They must not drive as they may still have sedative medications in their system.
They will also have restrictions on lifting for about a week afterward.

13. S U M M A R Y :
Angioplasty is a standard, minimally invasive procedure that doctors use to
unblock clogged arteries and improve blood flow in the heart. Doctors frequently
recommend angioplasty to treat acute heart problems. It is generally a safe procedure,
although arteries can become blocked again, and there is a small risk of significant
complications in some cases.

14. R E F E R E N C E :
1. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/multimedia/table/understanding-percutaneous-
coronary-intervention-pci
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_coronary_intervention
3. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327154
4. https://www.manipalhospitals.com/vijayawada/blog/know-all-about-stent-treatment-
procedure-and-precautions

15. THANK YOU!