Congestive heart disease for B.Sc. nursing programme

1. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
BY
MR.RAVISHANKAR
NURSING TUTOR

2. INTRODUCTION:-
Heart failure — sometimes known as congestive heart failure —
occurs when the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it
should. When this happens, blood often backs up and fluid can
build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath.

3. DEFINITION:-
It is defined as a chronic and progressive condition where
the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through
the body to meet the body’s need for blood and oxygen.

5. CAUSES & RISK FACTORS:-
Coronary artery disease
Hypertension
Myocardial infarction
Irregular heart beat (arrhythmia)
Heart valve disease
Cardiomyopathy (disease of heart muscle)
Infection of heart muscles
Overweight
Smoking & alcohol
Large salt intake in diet.

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-
Physical examination
Electrocardiogram & echocardiogram
Stress test (exercise test)
Cardiac catheterization (angiogram)
Cardiac computerized tomography (CT)
MRI
Blood test

9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-
Diuretics- furosemide, bumetanide
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors- lisinopril,
enalapril.
Digitalis- digoxin, Lanoxin (increase heart pump ability)
Beta blockers- metoprolol (decrease cardiac workload)
Vasodilators- nitro-glycerine.

12. NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
•Nursing diagnosis-
• Decreased cardiac output R/T impaired contractility.
• Impaired gas exchange r/t alveolar edema due to elevated ventricular
pressure.
• Fluid volume excess r/t sodium and water retention.
• Activity intolerance r/t insufficient oxygenation.
• Anxiety r/t breathlessness and restlessness.

13. LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION