The document summarizes key geographical and historical aspects of ancient Egypt. It notes that the Nile River was the lifeblood of Egypt, flowing northward and dividing the country into Upper and Lower Egypt. Egyptian civilization was centered around the Nile, which provided water for irrigation and transportation. The first kingdoms united Upper and Lower Egypt under King Menes. Egyptian culture had a theocratic government led by pharaohs, who were considered god-kings. They built massive pyramids as tombs and monuments to their rule. Egyptians also developed a complex religion, society, and innovations like hieroglyphic writing and mummification.

1. Ancient Egypt
Chapter 2:2

3. Geography
• Nile River is the longest river in the world
(4,100 miles)

4. Geography
• Cataract= waterfall or stretch of rapids
• Delta= marshy region formed by deposits of
silt at the mouth of the river (triangle)
• Upper (inland) and Lower Egypt (delta)
• Nile flows northbound

5. Environment
• Nile was
consistent
• Egyptian stayed
close to the river
• Invaders were
shut out because
of Sahara (natural
barriers)
• Traded with
Mesopotamia

6. Clip: Man vs. Wild- The Sahara

7. First Kingdoms
• First divided into 2 kingdoms (Upper & Lower)
• Upper Kingdom King Menes, united all of Egypt
• Capitol became, Memphis
• Began the first Egyptian dynasty

8. • Clip: The Pharaoh Report (Horrible Histories)

9. Pharaoh
• = Egyptian god-king
• Theocracy= government
in which the ruler is seen
as divine
• The pharaoh caused: the
sun to rise, the Nile to
flood, and the crops to
grow

10. Pyramids • Pyramids
(tombs)
were more
important as
their palace
• Pyramids
were built as
soon as
leaders took
reign

11. • Built of stone, granite and limestone
• Pyramids show strength of Egypt

12. • Clip: Inside a Pyramid

13. Religion
• Polytheistic
• Most important, Ra,
the Sun God, and
Horus, the god of light
• Isis, represented the
ideal mother and wife
• Worshiped about
2,000 gods and
goddesses

14. • Clip: Prince of Egypt, “Playing with the Big Boys”

15. • Clip: Horrible Histories, Egyptian Gods

16. Afterlife
• Life continued after
death
• Osiris, god of the
dead, would judge
• Objects were buried
with them that they
would need in the
next life

17. Mummification
• =embalming and drying of the corpse to
prevent it from decaying

18. How to Mummify:
• 1. Announcement of Death
• 2. Embalming the Body
• 3. Removal of Brain (hook
inserted in nose)
• 4. Removal of Internal
Organs (liver, lungs,
stomach and intestines
• Taken out by slit on the
abdomen, each was stored in
canopic jars
• 5. Drying out Process (with
salt, left outside for 40
days)
• 6. Wrapping of Body

19. • Clip: Pet Mummies in SLC

20. Slavery
• Captives from foreign wars
• Served in the homes, and mined gold
• Egyptians could change social classes

21. Writing
• Hieroglyphics= Egyptian writing
system
• Papyrus= tall stalks of reeds used to
make paper
• Egyptian writing was lost for centuries
until the Rosetta Stone was found in 1799

22. • Clip: Hieroglyphics, Horrible Histories

23. Inventions
• Early form of geography (Nile)
• Skillful architects & engineers
• First to use columns (homes, temples,
palaces)
• Calendar (time the flooding)
• Medicine, surgeries (mummifications)

24. Activity

25. Activity: Different Beliefs in the
Afterlife
• Groups of 2-3
• Read Information
• Create a visual of
your religion’s point
of view of the
afterlife
• Share

26. Beliefs in the Afterlife
• Journey and struggling to unite with your family
• Punishment, go through hell first to get to heaven, limbo
(between)
• heaven/hell, punishment
• Journey, waiting period, house of the dead
• Heaven/hell (punishment)
• Reincarnation, rewards/punishments to move in cycle
• Heaven/hell, all will live forever, depends on deeds, select few will
go to heaven
• Feared death, journey, punishment for good and bad, paradise
• Life is prison, all men are gods
• No hell (cease to exist), righteous live with god, 1,000 year war,
survivors go to kingdom with god
• Judgment day, heaven/hell
• Spirit and physical world are similar, dream time,