1. • INTRODUCTION TO EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION:
• Ancient Egypt civilization that thrived along the nile river in
northeastern Africa for more than ‘’3000” year, from that ‘’3300”
BC to’’30” BC.
• It was the longest-lived civilization of the ancient world.
• Geographically,the term ancient Egypt indicates the territory
where the ancient Egyptians lived in a valley and delta of the nile.
• Culturally ,it refers to the ways ancient Egyptians
spoke,worshiped,understood the nature of the physical world,
organized their government made their living enterained
themselves and related to others who were not Egyptian.
• The nile river,which formed the focus of ancient Egyptian
• Civilization, originates in the highlands of east Africa and
• Flows northward throughout the length of what are now
• “Sudan”and Egypt.
• It was in this land that two of the seven wonder of the
• World were found: the pyramid at giza and lighthouse at
• Alexandria.
2. • The natural factors combined to give rise to the
• Give rise to a greart civilization in the nile region.
• The egypt;’s relatively cloudless sky the sun
almost
• Always shone,consistently providing heat and
light.
• The nile served as a water highway for the
people,a
• Constant source of life-giving water,and the
sustain-
• er of all plant and animals.
• The ancient Egyptians produced a vast body of
• Written records,including ethical and moralistic
• Treatises,instructional texts,religious and megical
• Scrolls,evocative love,poetry, epic stories and
ribald
• Table.
• They possessed a sophisticated understood of
• Mathematics and principe of architecture,
enabling
• Them to introduce to the world large stone
building
• Before 2500BC.Their enduring images,sculpted,
• Painted and drawn-captivate viewers even today.
3. GEOGRAPHY
• Egypt is located in the middle of the sahara
desert.
• There are no mountains in dunes make
huge sand and hills in the desert making it
hard to travel.
• The sand dunes are created by wind
blowing the sand around.
• There are two parts of ancient egypt.
• Lower egypt and upper egypt.
• Most of egypt made of sand and some rock.
• the geographic size is 387000 square miles.
• According to inscription and document
found by
• Archeaaologists the Egyptians called their
country kemat, meaning “the black land’’ a
reference to the dark,fertile soil that remained
after the nile floodwaters desert that called
“the red land’’.
4. • The nile river was a swap land .
• The nile river flows into the Mediterranean sea.
• It is next to the dead sea,but dosen’t flow into it.
• The river splits into three parts before it flows
into the sea.
RELATION WITH THE NILE:
The nile river is an important
part of egypt.
The Egyptians call the nile
river the life of Egypt because
if there was no nile river
there would not be anybody
living there.
The nile river is about 4145
mile long. It is the longest
riverin the world.
The nile gave them rich soil to
grow there crops so they
haved food.
Egypt’s two most important
places are the nile delta and
the nile valley,all ancient
Egyptians depended on the
nile river for food,water
transportation.
5.
6. TIMLELINE:
Old kingdom 2686-2181 BC
Middle kingdom 1991-1786 BC
About 3100BC—unification of upper and loweregypt:invention of hieroglyphic writing,protodynastic period begins.
About 2686—end of protodynastic period; start of the old kingdom.
About 2560—construction of the Giza pyramid and the sphinx.
About 2181—end of old kingdom papyrus already in use;civil wars.
About 1991– start of middle kingdom.
About 1786– middle kingdom collapse in face if invasion from the east.
About 1567—beginning of new kingdom as invaders are repulsed.
About 1450—Egyptians empire extends from sudans to Syria.
About 1378—Akhenaten (ruled about 1378-1362)a pharaoh of the 18th dyasty, introduce monotheism,worship of a single god.
About 1085—end of new kingdom.
7. UPER EGYPT:
• Upper (southern)egypt
was the long, narrow
strip of ancient egypt
located south of the
delta and the 30th
parallel to north.
• It thus consist of the
entire nile river valley
from cairo south to
lake Nasser.
• In ancient egypt ,upper
egypt was known as
‘’the land of reeds”or
sedgeland.
LOWER EGYPT:
• Lower (northern)egypt
consisted of the nile
river’s delta made by
the river as it empties
into the
Mediterranean.
• The nile river split into
seven branches of the
delta in lower egypt.
10. • Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of plythesistic beliefs and
rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture.
• It centered on the Egyptians’s interaction with many deities belived to be
present in and in control pf the world.
• Rituals such as prayers and offering were providing to the god to gain their
favor.
• Ancient Egyptian philosophy refers to the philosophical works and beliefs of
ancient egypt.
• One Egyptian figure often considered an early philosopher is ptahhotep .
• He served as vizier to the pharaoh in the late 25th early 24th century bc .
• The Egyptian belived that the phenomena of nature were divine forces in
and of themselves.
11. • GOD AND GODDESS:
• Egyptians belived that in a lot of gods.
• One of them,Osiris, the god of the underworld changes there daily life routine.
• Everyday they have to god to there temple and give him an offering so he will spare
there lives.
• The Egyptian would mummify you by taking your brains out through your nose and
draining all the fluids body .
• Maat was the god of order , justice and truth.
• A women wearing a crown surmounted by a huge ostrich feather.
• Seth was the god of the desert, strom and violence which are all enemies of the
fertile prosperous narrow valley of the nile.
• Horus,the son of Osiris was the godof balance and
• Harmony ,assigned to maintain the maat of egypt.
• His function was to ensure the continuing existence
• And activity of the gods on the earth by means of
• Religious acts and to maintain the natural order
• Such as flow of nile& fertility of soil.
13. MUMMIFICATION
• Making a mummy was a complicated
job ,firstly the dead person’s brain
andsome other organ were removed
and put in jars called canopic jars.then
the body was covered with salt and
left to dry for up to 40 days.
• When the body was dry it was stuffed
with linen and other things to help it
keeps its shape.
• Then it was oiled and bounded tightly
with linen bandages.
• An anumlet was plased with the
mummy for luck.These are the canopic
jars that contained livear,stomach and
lungs of the dead person.
14. • TOMBS AND TEMPLES
• Each of the major gods had their own cult
center with a temple complex as well as the
state temple at luxor and Karnak’.
• In addition the pharaohs also built mortuary
temple where their bodies were prepared for
their eternal rest.
• Several of the these survive at luxor.
• The temple of ancient egypt remains as a
constant reminder of the power and glory of
th Egyptian state and its gods.
• The surving tombs provide a treasure trove of
both objects and information.
• The painting and modals includes with the
burials give a glimpse of the everyday life of
the ordinary people and the texts provides
invaluable information which help to build up
family trees and to establish the chronology.
15. • THE KARNAK TEMPLE
• The Karnak temple is a massive
temle complx to which dozen
of pharaohs added their
construction .
• The area was in constant
development and use between
the middle kingdom(2080-1640
BC )and the early Christian
period.
16. • THE KHONS TEMPLE
•The temple of Khonsu is an
ancient Egyptian temple.
•It is located within the large
precinct of amun-re at
Karnak,in luxor ,egypt.
18. • Tombs
• Tombs were built as large
and adorned as the owner
could afford and anyone
with the fund prepaid for
mummification.
• The reason for this heavy
focus on death relates to the
image of the world divided
into two halves which
together formed the eternal
continuity of cosmos.
19.
20. • PYRAMIDS
• In the 3rd dynasty (old
kingdom)Imhotep built the step pyamid
for zoser.
• This structure was the first all stone
monument and was ,of course,the
insipriation for the truepyramids that
followed ,culminating into the pyramids
of giza ,and in particular the great
pyramids of khufu.
• The pyramids were the major
achievement of the 4th dynasty
approximately 2500bc (old
kingdom)and were built for
khufu,Khafre and menkaure.
• These structures are truly awesome.
23. • LANGUAGE ART AND WRITING
• Language in there time was very
advanced for there times.
• They had a form of writing called
hieroglyphics.
• This forms of writing used picturs
and symbols instead of letter .
• The ancient Egyptians did not
have many school like we have
today but the school that they did
have been teaching people how
to be scribe.
• Napoleons invasion led to the
spread of all the Egyptian art.
24. Hieroglyphs:
• Pictures that were used to write the ancient
Egyptians language.
• Originally used to keep records of the king’s
possession’
• As the language became more complex more
pictures were needed.
• Eventually the language consisted of more than
750 individual sings.
The word hieroglyphs in Greek, means
scared drawing.
They were only used for religious
things and were usually drawing of
familiar.
