Middle Ages (13:3-4)
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During the Middle Ages in Europe, a code of chivalry developed for knights as mounted combat on horseback became important. This code emphasized courage in battle, loyalty to lords, and the protection of the weak. It also promoted romantic love for noblewomen and placed them on a pedestal. Over time, literature further popularized and idealized the ideals of knighthood, chivalry, and courtly love.
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In ancient Greece, battles were fought between tightly packed infantry formations called phalanxes, which advanced behind overlapping shields. Art from this period often depicted idealized single combat between warriors. With the Persian Wars, Greek art started showing equal opponents and avoided dehumanizing enemies. In the Roman period, the military adopted new strategies using specialized units. Art shifted to showing realistic battle scenes within the context of Rome's territorial expansion. Enemies were distinguished by appearance and depicted without dignity, in utter humiliation to assert Roman superiority.
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Hello every one
I hope you all doing well. this is my research project I really did a lot effort to make it and I think its pretty good and including almost all the matters in the norman period. i'll hope you use it as my work...bla bla bla
I hope it will help you. if you using it please send feedback to me.
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This document provides an overview and analysis of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. It discusses that the work is a narrative poem that tells stories, and that the pilgrims tell stories during their journey from London to Canterbury. It notes that Canterbury was seen as a heavenly, spiritual place compared to the terrestrial, material London. The document also analyzes the different social classes represented by the pilgrims, including knights, squires, yeomen, clergy, and the middle class.
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Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in the late 14th century, describing a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. The document discusses Chaucer's life and works, providing context on The Canterbury Tales and its characters. It then analyzes Chaucer's use of descriptive characterization in the prologue, noting how he vividly describes each pilgrim's physical features and personality to introduce them as rounded individuals. Overall, the document examines Chaucer's skill in using descriptive methods to bring the pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales to life.
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This document provides instructions for an assignment where students will be divided into groups to present on early American tribes. Each group will create a Google Slides presentation on their assigned tribe. The presentation must include title, time period, location, beginnings, leaders, cities, government, economy/trade, and other required topics. Students will divide up the content and add their slides to a shared Google Slide show for their group before presenting to the class.
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Παρουσίαση των αγώνων με τους Άραβες και τους Βούλγαρους κατά το 10ο αιώνα και τις αρχές του 11ου αιώνα, όπου το Βυζάντιο ανακτά μεγάλη δύναμη και έκταση.
African Civilizations (8:1-3)
1) African societies developed in diverse ways depending on their environments, with some taking nomadic lifestyles while others transitioned to settled agriculture.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia became a powerful trading nation by controlling trade routes between Africa, India, and Europe. It adopted Christianity in the 4th century AD.
3) Starting around 1000 BC, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated southward from their homeland, spreading their languages and skills across much of sub-Saharan Africa over the next 1500 years. Their migrations were driven partly by population growth, environmental changes, and conflicts between tribes.
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AP World: Mongols (12:2) + Mongol Reading Resources
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5. Η Βυζαντινή Εποποιΐα. Επικοί αγώνες και επέκταση της Αυτοκρατορίας
5. Η Βυζαντινή Εποποιΐα. Επικοί αγώνες και επέκταση της Αυτοκρατορίας
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The document summarizes the Age of Chivalry in medieval Europe between 500-1200 AD. It describes how knights became the dominant warriors, organized under feudal lords and fighting for honor through a code of chivalry. Boys as young as 7 were sent to other castles to train as pages and squires until becoming knights at age 21, spending their years developing combat skills and fighting in local wars. Literature of the time glorified knighthood through poems, but often presented an unrealistic view of relationships between knights and women, who had very limited roles and power in feudal society.
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Knighthood became the most important part of medieval armies after 700 CE due to technological changes like stirrups. Knights fought for feudal lords and were rewarded with land. By 1100, knights followed a code of chivalry to protect the weak, serve their lord and lady. Boys began training as young as 7 and were usually knighted at 21 through experience in local wars and tournaments. Epic poems and love songs composed by troubadours helped glorify knights and their duties to their ladies.
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The document describes the social hierarchy and roles in medieval society. At the top were the king, who granted land to barons and bishops in exchange for their loyalty and soldiers. Barons governed their own lands and further divided it among knights. Bishops held the highest positions in the church. Knights trained for battle in tournaments by the 12th century. Peasants and peasant women had few rights and worked the fields, with women additionally engaged in spinning. They were at the bottom of medieval society.
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The General Prologue introduces the characters that will be telling stories on a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. There are 29 pilgrims from various social classes, including knights, guildsmen, clergy, and women. Each pilgrim is described, showing their personality and social standing. They will take turns telling stories on the journey to and from Canterbury. The Knight is the first pilgrim introduced, a respected warrior who has experience in religious wars. He will tell the first tale, about two knights who fall for the same woman.
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The General Prologue introduces the characters that will be telling stories on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. There are 29 pilgrims from various social classes, including knights, squires, a monk, a prioress, and tradesmen like a miller and a cook. The pilgrims will each tell two stories on the journey to and from Canterbury. The host of the Tabard Inn, Harry Bailey, proposes this storytelling contest, and the best storyteller will receive a prize from the other pilgrims.
mcdevittlibrary Middle Ages
The passage describes medieval European society and the emergence of feudalism. Peasants worked lands owned by lords in exchange for protection, and serfs were bound to the land. In response to invasions and weak kings, a system of feudalism developed where greater lords divided their lands among lesser lords who pledged loyalty in exchange. Warfare was common and many boys trained from a young age to become knights.
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Knights were elite fighting men during the Middle Ages who fought from horseback in armor. It was expensive to become a knight, as they needed armor, weapons, and horses. Boys from noble families would begin training as young as age 8 to become pages and then squires, learning combat skills. At around age 20, squires could become knights through a ceremony where they were dubbed by their lord. Knights participated in tournaments and jousting for practice and entertainment in times of peace. Their role declined with the rise of professional standing armies.
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Medieval tournaments were military training exercises for knights held as contests where combatants competed in mounted and armored combat. Tournaments originated in France in the 12th century and became an important part of medieval culture, though they could result in injuries or deaths until regulations were put in place. Knights fought individually or in teams using blunted weapons in events like jousting or melee combat to display their skills and seek prizes, keeping their skills sharp for real warfare.
Presentation1
Knights were heavily armored soldiers who fought on horseback during the Middle Ages. Only wealthy nobles could afford to be knights, as the armor, weapons, and war horses were very expensive. The primary role of a knight was to fight battles for their lord, using weapons like longswords, lances, and blunt weapons from horseback, similar to samurai in Japan. Originally, knights protected pilgrims during journeys to holy lands, but after the Crusades they became a lower order of nobility, often receiving land and titles from their lord in exchange for service.
Presentation1
Knights were heavily armored soldiers who fought on horseback during the Middle Ages. Only wealthy nobles could afford to be knights, as the armor, weapons, and war horses were very expensive. The primary role of a knight was to fight battles for their lord, similar to samurai in Japan, using weapons like longswords, lances, and blunt weapons from horseback. Originally, knights protected pilgrims during journeys to holy lands, but after the Crusades they became a lower order of nobility, often receiving land and titles from their lord in exchange for service.
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The Age of Chivalry saw the rise of knights and a code of chivalry that glorified combat and romantic love. Knights served feudal lords and fought in battles and tournaments. They were to protect the weak and serve their feudal lord, God, and a chosen lady. Tournaments were mock battles where knights could gain fame and riches. Actual battles during sieges featured violent clashes and warfare technologies like trebuchets, battering rams, and mangonels. Troubadours composed songs about courtly love at castles. Over time, the role of women in society became less powerful.
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This document summarizes poetry from the English Civil War period. It discusses several Cavalier poets such as Thomas Carew, Robert Herrick, John Suckling, William Davenant, and Richard Lovelace who wrote poetry for King Charles I and his court. It provides a timeline of key events from 1625-1660 that shaped the political and cultural environment, including the civil war between royalists and parliamentarians. It also examines themes in Cavalier poetry like loyalty, love, honor, and virtue that were expressed through allegories for their support of the king.
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The document provides an overview of medieval Europe between the 5th and 15th centuries. It describes the early period as the "Dark Ages" following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, when Germanic tribes destroyed towns and trade routes. New kingdoms then emerged, including the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne and the kingdoms of France, Germany, and England under Alfred the Great. Medieval kings believed they had absolute power given by God and demonstrated this through ceremonies at their royal courts, though they had to contend with powerful barons who sometimes challenged royal authority. Court entertainment included mock battles, jousting contests, and minstrels singing songs.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Middle Ages (13:3-4)
- 2. Section 3:The Age of Chivalry Main Idea:The Code of chivalry for knights glorified combat and romantic love Why it matters now? Chivalry has shaped modern ideas of romance inWestern cultures
- 3. Setting the Stage During the Middle Ages, the nobles continue to fight one another (in feudal Europe) This violent society prized combat skills CODE OF BEHAVIOR arose
- 4. Warriors on Horseback Mounted soldiers became a valuable combat force during Charles Martel (700s) Organized Frankish troops of armored horsemen, or KNIGHTS
- 5. Saddles & Stirrups SADDLE- kept a warrior firmly seated on a moving horse STIRRUPS- allowed rider to stand up while riding and to maneuver heavier weapons
- 6. TheWarrior’s Role in Feudal Society 11th Century- western Europe was a battleground for warring nobles wanting power To protect their land, feudal lord raised private armies In exchange for military service, feudal lords used their most abundant resource- LAND (fiefs) Knight’s main obligation= serve in battle
- 7. Knighthood & Chivalry Knights were expected to show courage in battle and loyalty to their lords CODE OF CHIVALRY= complex set of ideals (defended: his lord, his heavenly Lord, and his lady) Knights were suppose to protect the poor and weak Knight who disregarded the code of chivalry- public shame
- 8. Knighthood &Chivalry Code of chivalry= set of ideals Cowardly knights who broke the code faced public shame Armor stripped of His shield was cracked Spurs cut off Sword was broken over his head People then threw the knight into a coffin and dragged him to church There a priest would chant a mock funeral service
- 9. War Games for Glory Sons of nobles would train for knighthood at an early age Young knights gained experience by fighting in local wars TOURNAMENTS= mock battles, combined recreation and combat training Tournaments were bloody, had fans, winners could usually demand large ransoms from defeated knights
- 10. Brutal Reality ofWarfare Tournaments did not match the brutality of actual war, especially those battles for castles Castles were guarded and had massive walls (fortress) Defenders of castles: poured boiling hot water, oil, or molten lead on enemy soldiers Archers at the top of castle shooting down
- 12. The Literature of Chivalry Medieval literature downplayed the brutality of knighthood and feudal warfare Idealized castle life, glorified knighthood and chivalry
- 13. Epic Poetry Poems recounted a hero’s deeds and adventures Retold stories of legendary stories like King Arthur and Charlemagne “The Song of Roland”= one of the earliest and most famous medieval epic poems (tells of the story of a band of French soldiers who perished in battle during Charlemagne’s reign)
- 14. Love Poems & Songs Lord’s duty to his lady was as high as his lords Troubadours= poet-musicians at the castles and courts of Europe Short verses and songs about the joys and sorrow of romantic love Eleanor ofAquitaine= most celebrated woman of the age, mother of Richard the Lion-Hearted and King John
- 15. The Shifting Role ofWoman Church viewed women as inferior to men In contrast, the idea of romantic love placed noblewomen on a pedestal where they would be worshipped Women’s status declined under feudalism (limited to home and convent)
- 16. Women in Power A noblewoman could inherit an estate from her husband Under the lord’s request, she could also send his knights to war When the husband was off, she acted as military commander and a warrior Lord’s passed down their fiefs to their sons, not their daughters
- 17. Women’s Falling Status Middle Age women’s status declined The Church played a part in medieval women’s declining fortunes (Church claimed took control convents and monasteries)