The Egyptian civilization, flourishing from around 3100 BC until 30 BC, was characterized by significant cultural achievements and a complex societal structure influenced by the Nile River. It was known for its art, architecture, polytheistic beliefs, and political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under pharaohs. This civilization left a lasting impact on subsequent cultures, with its advancements in various fields and unique religious practices.

1. Egyptian Civilization
Name : Bipu
Patowari
ID: 1812172043

2. Introduction:
The egyptian civilization was full of culture and achievements.
There are many reasons for it. It is said mostly because of its
location the civilization thrived so much. It was located in ancient
North Africa along the river Nile around 3100 BC. There were two
parts of Egypt - Upper Egypt and lower Egypt which was later
unified by political powers under the rule of Menes. There were
ups and downs of the power of the Egypntian empire throughout
time.

3. ● The success of egyptian civilization was partly due to its
ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley
for agriculture.
● The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the
fertile valley produced surplus crops which supported a
more dense population and social development and
culture.
● The mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding
desert regions, agricultural projects, the early
development o the independent writing system and the
growth of military might led to the Egyptian dominance.

4. Achievements:
● The many achievements of the Egyptian Civilizations
included quarrying, surveying, and construction
techniques that supported the building of pyramids,
temples, etc.
● They also had a system of mathematics, a practical and
effective system of medicine, irrigation system and
agricultural production techniques.

5. Rulers:
Some of the famous rulers of the ancient Egyptian Civilization were:
● Amenhotep III (1388-1351BC)
● Akhenaten (1351-1334 BC)
● Tutankhamun (1332-1323 BC)
● Ramses II (1279-1213 BC)

6. Rise of Egyptian
Civilization

7. Rise of Egyptian Civilization
❖ Egyptian civilization is one of the earliest civilizations in the
world.
❖ Egyptian civilization came together around 3150 BC when the
political unification had occurred of Upper and Lower Egypt
under the first pharaoh.
❖ This civilization lasted for over three thousand years from 3150
BC to 30 BC.
❖ The history of Egyptian civilization is grouped into three stable
kingdoms called the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the
Middle kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age, and the New
Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.

8. Rise of Egyptian Civilization
❖ Period of the Old Kingdom was from 3100 BC to 2200 BC and it
was ancient Egypt’s most fertile and successful era.
❖ Period of the Middle Kingdom was from 2100 BC to 1650 BC and
the years of political stability and refinement of the arts and crafts.
❖ Period of the New Kingdom was from 1550 BC to 700 BC. The
New Kingdom was also called the Empire.
❖ The time between the Kingdoms are relatively unstable and
known as intermediate periods.

9. Egyptian Civilization:
Art & Architecture

10. Art
❖ Egyptian art was based on their religious beliefs and reflected
the ideal world of the gods.
❖ Art of Egyptian civilization includes painting, sculpture, crafts,
drawing on papyrus, and many other arts introduced by the
civilization from 5000 BC to 300 BC in the banks of Nile.
❖ Egyptian art was considered as highly symbolic and stylized.
❖ Tomb painting, temple tableaus, rock art, and palace and
home garden all were created by the Egyptians as their
important function for showing their personal value and
communal stability.

11. Art
❖ The pyramids and also the buildings of Egypt were decorated with
paintings, carved stone images, hieroglyphs and three
dimensional statues.
❖ This art tells the story of the pharaohs, the gods, the common
people and the natural world.
❖ Most of the arts which are survived comes from the monuments
and tombs.
❖ A few of the works of art of ancient Egypt have stood the test of
time due to Egypt’s dry climate.
❖ Most of the works of art were done on dividers and in caves and
in burial service tombs to portray the life of the expired and offer a
wonderful entry.

12. Architecture
❖ Since 3000 BC the Egyptian architecture was developed.
❖ Pyramids and temples were the most important types of
Egyptian architecture.
❖ The most durable building material stone were used to build
pyramids, tombs, temples, and palaces in ancient Egypt.
❖ They also use mud, reeds, palm trunks, bricks, limestone,
sandstone, and granite in their construction.
❖ Mainly the important structures were made by stone such as
the pyramids, the temples and the palaces.

13. Architecture
Most significant architectural structures were:
➔ pyramids in Giza : built in the Fourth Dynasty.
➔ pyramid of Khufu : built in the Fourth Dynasty.
➔ Temple of Karnak : built in the 16th century BC
➔ Temple of Luxor : built in the 14th century BC
These building projects of Egyptians were showed a high degree of
architectural and engineering skill.
Pyramids in Giza
Temple of Karnak

14. Egyptian Civilization:
Religious Beliefs & Culture

15. Religious Beliefs
➔ For the growth of any civilization religion is essential.
➔ The religion of ancient Egypt was lasted for more than three
thousand years.
➔ Ancient Egypt religion was mainly polytheistic.
➔ Egyptians believed in hundreds of gods and goddesses.
➔ Religion practice of ancient Egypt was centered to the
Pharaohs.
➔ There was no single religious belief.

16. Religious Beliefs
Pharaohs
➢ Owner and ruler of all Egypt
➢ Revered as gods on Earth
➢ Considered to be divine and
stood above the priests
➢ Had direct contact with the gods
➢ Served intermediary between the
gods and man

17. Religious Beliefs
Gods & Goddesses
❖ Amun-Ra
❖ Mut
❖ Osiris
❖ Anubis
❖ Geb
❖ Isis
These gods were believed to
control the force of nature.

18. Religious Beliefs
Life after death
❏ Believed in life after death
❏ Supplied things for pleasant life after
death
❏ Preserved dead body by mummification
❏ Pharaohs and some nobles had their
bodies mummified and tombs decorated
with painting

19. Culture
● Egyptian has a rich culture dating back to thousands of
years.
● Ancient Egyptian culture flourish between 5500 BCE and
30 BCE.
● Their culture was mostly religious based.
● In ancient Egypt their culture was mainly Pharaonic
culture.
● Class distinctions.
● Many other ancient cultures were impressed by Egyptian
culture like Rome and Greece.

20. Culture
● Houses are different of higher
class and lower class people.
● Also class distinctions in
marriages.
● Clothing were simple and made
of linen.
● No prohibition in female
fashion.
● All classes enjoyed playing
games

21. Egyptian
Civilization:Government
and Economy

22. Government and Economy
Administration
● In theory, Pharaoh was absolute
monarch of the country and he was the
king
● The vizier was second in the command,
acted as king’s representative.
● The country was divided in 42
administrative regions known as
nomes
● Temples were the storage place for
wealth, granaries and treasures.

23. Social Status
● Their society was highly stratified.
● Most of the population were farmers who were lower
in status.
● Artists and craftsmen were in higher status.
● Scribes and state officials were in upper class.
● Slaves were used as servants in Egypt
● Farmers also used as labour.
Government and Economy

24. Government and Economy
Trade
● They were engaged in trade with foreign countries
close to theirs.
● They used to trade gold and incense with Nubia.
● They used to trade oil with Palestine.
● High quality timbers were trade material in Egypt.
● Copper was traded with Anatolia.
● Greece and Crete also provided olive oil.

25. Conclusion
The success of Egyptian civilization was mostly depended on Nile river.
The civilization was expanded alongside the Nile river. They were the
most civilized society at that time. Their advancement helped in many
ways and used for centuries. Their rich culture influences other people
and society. The religion they used to be was different and highly
interesting.