The document discusses the history of India, including the Indus Valley civilization, Vedic period, and rise of Buddhism and Hinduism. It then covers the Mughal Empire and British colonial rule in India. Key points include: - The Indus Valley cities had planned streets and drainage systems. - Buddhism spread widely through trade networks. - The caste system originated under the Aryans who migrated to India as cattle herders. - Under the Mughals and British, India experienced cultural blending and eventually grew into a nationalist movement seeking independence.

1. 2014 India Test
Chapter 2: Planned Cites of the Indus
1. How do we know that the people of the Indus Valley traded with the Sumerians?
a. The civilizations’ boats were found in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea
b. Indus seals were found in Sumer and Sumerian items in the Indus Valley
c. Indus Valley plumbing tools were found in Sumer*
d. Sumerian bronze artifacts were found in the Indus Valley ruins
e. Migrations patterns show interaction between the two civilizations
2. Why do we know so little about the Indus Valley civilization?
a. It existed for only a few hundred years
b. There are few artifacts from the Indus Valley
c. Its written language has not yet been deciphered*
d. It existed in a part of the world that has been largely ignored.
e. Remains of the city lay deep under the earth still
3. Which of the following distinguished the cities of the Indus Valley?
a. Cities were constantly at war despite huge defensive structures
b. Cities were laid down without thinking, forming a jumble of streets
c. Cities were planned and had their own plumbing and sewage systems*
d. Cities were destroyed invaders in horse-drawn chariots
e. Cities were built on top of existing cities
Ch 3: Indo-European Migrations/Religion
4. The Indo-European peoples that migrated from the steppes were mainly
A. Traders
B. Hunters
C. Herders*
D. Farmers
E. Politicians
5. Buddhism spread across Asia mostly as a result of
A. Trade*
B. Conquest
C. Missionary efforts
D. Pilgrimages by the faithful
E. Manuscripts
6. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share which of the following?
A. They are polytheistic religions
B. They recognize the divine nature of certain prophets
C. They revere both Mecca and Jerusalem as pilgrimage sites
D. They recognize the existence of Adam and of Moses. *
E. They share the Talmud and the Gospels as sacred texts.
7. The social class system that came to be known as the caste system was established in India by
A. Hittities
B. Hindus
C. India’s first residents
D. Tamils
E. Aryans*

2. 8. Which of the following best describes patriarchal gender systems?
A. Women are not allowed to work.
B. Women are confined to the home.
C. Women can be bought and sold.
D. Women are inferiors and must be protected by men. *
E. Women are not allowed by men to serve as political rulers.
9. Hinduism and Buddhism have a common belief in
A. Many gods
B. Reincarnation*
C. The caste system
D. The sacredness of all life
E. Desires
10. Buddhism stressed which code of conduct?
A. Following the Noble Eightfold Path*
B. Reaching Nirvana’s eternal bliss
C. Asceticism
D. Transcendental meditation
E. Yoga
11. Varnas, the name given the different groups of the original caste system, came form the word that
means
A. Skin color*
B. Nobles
C. Caste
D. Purity
E. Social system
12. Jain Monks wear masks over their faces
A. To keep from breathing impurities in the air
B. To keep from harming even an insect*
C. To protect each breath of atman, the soul
D. To show disdain for the caste system
E. To filter impure thoughts from entering in
13. The Indian epic poem the Mahabharata reflects the struggles
A. Of two young lovers who wish to break the caste system*
B. That took place in India as the Aryans moved relentlessly south
C. Of blending a belief in Brahman with a belief in mother goddesses
D. Of people trying to resign themselves from the Four Noble Truths
E. The struggle between desires and passions
14. Which major world religion lacks a central founding figure?
A. Christianity
B. Islam
C. Judaism
D. Buddhism
E. Hinduism*
15. Which of the following texts contain major religious documents that originated in India?
● I. Vedas
● II. Bhagavad Gita
● III. Koran
A. I and II*
B. II and III
C. I, II, and III
D. I only

3. E. III only
Chapter 7: First Empires of India/Trade Spreads Indian Religion
and Culture
16. Which important idea is credited to intellectuals of the Gupta Empire?
a. Invention of the telescope
b. Development of humanity’s first written script
c. The concept of zero*
d. Invention of the magnetic compass
e. Polytheism
17. What new belief helped Buddhism become popular with the masses?
a. Stricter adherence to self-sacrifice would lead to nirvana
b. Many people could become Buddha*
c. Buddha was not a god and should not be worshipped
d. Buddhists no longer needed images of Buddha
e. Buddha’s monks were sent out as missionaries
18. Which of the following best describes political patterns on the Indian subcontinent in the classical
era 1000 BCE to 600 CE?
A. Stateless societies
B. Continuous dynastic rule under the Maurya Empire
C. Decentralized rule by local princes lacking any form of subcontinent-wide authority at any
point
D. Decentralized rule by local princes punctuated by Maurya and Gupta periods of unification*
E. Representative democracy
19. One result of Indian international trade was that
A. Hindus developed an interest in Chinese court customs
B. Europeans began to adopt Indian dress
C. Merchants from all over the world moved to India*
D. Colors began to appear in Hindu apparel
E. Ivory became a world commodity
20. How did the family structure of some Tamil groups differ from the family structure in North India?
A. They were centered around Buddhism
B. They were centered around Hinduism
C. They were centered around Sikh beliefs
D. They were patriarchal
E. They were matriarchal*
21. What inspired Asoka to convert to Buddhism?
A. An encounter with a Buddhist monk on the way to battle
B. A vision, similar to what Buddha experienced
C. Twos months of meditation in the wilderness
D. Sorrow over the slaughter at Kalinga*
E. His son’s Buddhist teacher
22. What is the difference between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism?
A. Theravada Buddhism taught that many people were potential Buddhas
B. Mahayana Buddhism was more accessible to the masses*
C. Theravada Buddhism established new trends in Buddhist art
D. Mahayana Buddhism held to the Buddha’s original teachings
E. None of the above
23. What do the Hindu gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva represent?
A. Creator, preserver and destroyer*
B. Youth, adulthood, and old age

4. C. Revelation, inspiration and release
D. Sleep, wakefulness and time
E. Enemy, Patience, desire
Chapter 18: The Mughals
24. What change did the Sikhs undergo during the course of the Mughal Empire?
a. They transformed from a nonviolent groups into a militant group*
b. They gained the support of the Mughal government
c. They moved their nonviolent society to Marathas’ state
d. Because of persecution, they rejected all Muslim aspects of their faith
e. Sikhs sent out missionaries to convert more
25. Akbar strengthened his rule over India by
A. Sheer force by arms
B. Marrying into the old royal family
C. Allowing Hindus as well as Muslims to hold states offices.*
D. Forcibly relocation all Hindus outside of the borders of his empire.
E. Participating in a massacre to rid India of all foreigners
26. What language, meaning “from the soldier’s camp” was an example of cultural blending during the
Mughal Empire?
A. Marathi
B. Sanskrit
C. Urdu*
D. Hindi
27. What is the central difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?
A. High levels of palace intrigue and violent fights for succession to the throne
B. Limited public roles for women
C. Adherence to Shia and not Sunni Islam*
D. Growing interaction with maritime Western powers
E. Architectural and artistic splendor
Chapter 27: British Imperialism in India
28. The Sepoy Rebellion ultimately resulted in
a. A new Mughal Dynasty and a united India
b. The creation of the East India Company
c. Dissolving of the East India Company and direct British rule *
d. An independent Pakistan
e. A union between India and Afghanistan.
29. Why was India called the “jewel in the crown?”
A. It was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies*
B. It had a vast supply of diamonds, rubies, and sapphires
C. Britain couldn’t live without India’s support
D. The sepoys were a perfect model of successful imperialism
E. The success of India’s self-sufficient economy strengthened Britain
30. During the era of British colonialism in India, why were the British content, in general, to leave
Indian social hierarchies intact?
a. Over time, exposure to Hindu doctrine on caste won British elites over
b. British officials were able to, in essence, graft themselves onto an existing social
pyramid at its apex while incurring a minimum of social disruption*
c. British notions of proper gender roles, such as a wife’s duty to commit sati we re the
same as Indian ones
d. Superior Mughal political and military authority prevented British interference in
Indian social relations

5. e. Commonplace social mobility between the caste stratifications prevalent in the
subcontinent British impressed colonial administrators
Chapter 30: Nationalism in India
31. What promises were made to the Indian people in exchange for their services under Britain in
World War 1?
a. Complete and immediate independence
b. Repeal of the Rowlatt Act
c. Reforms that would eventually lead to self-government*
d. Justice for the victims of the Amritsar Massacre
e. Release of all Indian prisoners
32. The India Congress Party’s early membership consisted heavily of middle -class individuals,
including M.K. Gandhi, trained in what profession?
A. Journalism
B. Engineering
C. Law*
D. Policing
E. Civil administration
33. The early leaders in Indian nationalism came primarily from which class?
A. Urban elites educated in the West*
B. Labor leaders
C. Landed peasants
D. The aristocracy
E. Tribal leaders
Chapter 34: The Indian Subcontinent Gains Independence
34. Pakistan began as a divided nation. Its east and west regions were separated by
a. The Brahmaputra River
b. 1,000 miles of Indian territory*
c. 500 miles of Afghan territory
d. the Krishna River
e. The Himalayan Mountains
35. In the late 1940’s and again in 1972, India and Pakistan fought a war over
A. Kashmir*
B. Nepal
C. New Delhi
D. East Punjab
E. Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
36. Which of the following has caused much of the violence in Sri Lanka?
A. A militant minority trying to overthrow a Communist regime
B. A militant minority trying to achieve their independence*
C. A militant majority trying to overthrow British rule
D. A militant majority trying to achieve independence
E. A militant majority trying to attack India
37. What influenced the independence movements of colonial countries?
A. The spread of democratic ideas
B. During World War 2, the occasional defeat of Europeans by Japanese
C. The expense of maintaining and governing distant colonies
D. All of the above*
E. None of the above
38. Which of the following might have relocated after the partition of India?
A. A Muslim in Pakistan

6. B. A Hindu in India
C. A Muslim in India*
D. A Sikh in Sri Lanka
E. A Muslim in Sri Lanka
39. After the partitioning of Pakistan and India at the time of their independence from the British
Empire
A. Populations remained fairly stable
B. Millions of Hindus and Muslims were uprooted*
C. Hindus were forced to relocate to East Pakistan
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
40. Which of the following legacies of British colonial rule proved most disruptive in the immediate
aftermath of Indian independence?
A. Education of diverse Indian elites in a common English language
B. Hindu-Muslim rivalry fostered by colonial divide and rule practices*
C. Establishment of parliamentary democratic norms in government
D. Military training provided to Indian sepoys
E. Toleration of caste distinctions