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Anatomy of the_face
The document provides an anatomy overview of the face, including: - The sensory supply is the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve) and the motor supply includes the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve) for muscles of facial expression. - Key structures discussed include the eyelid, lacrimal apparatus, muscles of facial expression like the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris, and the buccinator muscle. - Conditions like Bell's palsy and Horner's syndrome are mentioned. Blood supply and venous drainage routes to structures like the cavernous sinus are also summarized.
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Anatomy of the_face
- 1. By- Dr. Armaansingh Anatomy of the Face (complete Info)
- 2. Face • Sensory supplyof face is trigeminal • 5th cranial nerve • C2 • Motor supply • Muscles of facial expression • Facial nerve 7th cranial
- 3. Sensory Nerve Supply •Trigeminal • Ophthalmic • Maxillary • Mandibular • Cervical plexus
- 4. Terminal Branches of5th • Supraorbital • Infraorbital damaged in blow out fracture of orbit • Lateral • Mental; dentures, fracture of mandible • Trigeminal neuralgia
- 5. Sensory Trigeminal Nerve •Ophthalmic V • Supraorbital • Supratrochlear • Maxillary V • Infraorbital • Zygomaticofacial • Mandibular V • Mental • Buccal
- 6. Fractured Zygoma • Viewfrom above shows depression • Lateral X-ray view should be done
- 7. Great Auricular • C2from cervical plexus • Skin over angle of mandible
- 8. Scalp • Skin • Subcutaneous •Epicranial aponeurosis • Three fused together • Loose areolar tissue • Periosteum • Occipito-frontalis • Attached posteriorly • No anterior attachment
- 9. Scalp • Occipital portionof occipito-frontals and epicranial aponeurosis attached to bone posterior • Frontal no bony attachment • Scalp wounds cause black eyes • Occipital belly • Posterior auricular of facial nerve • Frontal belly by temporal of facial nerve
- 10. Blood and NerveSupply of Scalp • Supraorbital vessels and nerve • Scalp as far as vertex • Posterior scalp • Greater occipital C2 • Occipital and posterior auricular vessels • Zygomatico temporal • Greater auricular
- 11. Eyelid • Skin • Orbicularisoculi • Palpebral portion • Orbital septum and tarsal plates, mebonium glands • Medial palpebral ligament anchors tarsal plates to anterior lacrimal crest • Conjunctival sac
- 12. Levator Palpebrae Superiores •Arises from back of roof of orbit • Inserted into skin of upper eyelid • The superior tarsal plate • Superior fornix of conjunctiva
- 13. Levator Palpebrae Superiores •Elevates upper eyelid • Voluntary muscle supplied by 3rd oculomotor nerve • Smooth muscle • Sympathetic T1 • Superior cervical ganglion
- 14. Lacrimal Apparatus • Lacrimalgland • Conjunctival sac • Puncta • Cananiculi • Nasolacrimal sac • Nasolacrimal duct • Inferior meatus nose
- 15. Horner's Syndrome • Ptosis •Drooping eyelid • Meiosis • Constricted pupil • Anhydrosis • Lack of sweating • Enopthalmos
- 16. Muscles of FacialExpression • Muscles of second branchial arch • Nerve second arch is facial nerve • Inserted into skin of face • Buccal pad of fat • No deep fascia in face • Except around parotid • Parotid duct
- 17. Orbicularis Oculi • Orbitalcloses eyelid tightly, buries eyelashes • Makes conjunctival sac smaller • Finer palpebral portion in eyelid • Anterior to tarsal plate • Closes eye in blinking and sleep • No action on conjunctival sac
- 18. Muscles of FacialExpression • Occipito frontalis • Orbicularis oculi • Orbicularis oris • Buccinator • Platysma • Skin of face • Incisions
- 19. Muscles of FacialExpression • Orbicularis oris • Intrinsic: origin and insertion inside, only alters shape • Extrinsic: origin outside, alters position
- 20. Muscles of FacialExpression • Incisions in the face evert edges • Platysma • Inserted into lower border of mandible • Posterior fibres form risorius
- 21. Buccinator • Buccinator 7th nerve •Accessory muscle of mastication • Outer aspect of maxilla and mandible • Related to molar teeth • Pterygomandibular raphe • Action keeps food out of vestibule • Sucking • Blowing trumpet
- 22. Facial Nerve Motor nerveto: • Posterior auricular to occipital belly • Posterior belly of digastric Enters parotid and divides into branches • Temporal • Zygomatic • Buccal • Mandibular • Cervical
- 23. Facial Nerve • Stroke •Upper motor neurone of facial • Forehead is spared • Can wrinkle forehead • Bilaterally innervated • All muscles of one side paralysed if it is a lower motor neurone e.g. Bell’s palsy
- 24. Bell’s Palsy • Lowermotor neurone of facial nerve • Forehead and all the muscles on the side of lesion are affected
- 25.
- 26. Corneal Reflex • Afferent(sensory) cilary branches nasocilary of ophthalmic of 5th • Efferent (motor) • Zygomatic branch of facial 7th • Last reflex to go
- 27. Blood Supply andPulses in Face Internal carotid • Supraorbital artery • Branch of ophthalmic External carotid • Superficial temporal artery • Facial artery
- 28. Venous Drainage ofFace • Supraorbital and anterior facial • Communicate superior ophthalmic veins which drain into cavernous sinus • Deep facial vein • Superficial temporal • Retromandibular • Common facial
- 29. Emissary Veins CavernousSinus • Superior ophthalmic veins • Anterior facial • Deep facial • Pterygoid plexus • Danger area of face • Parietal emissary veins from scalp to superior sagittal sinus
- 30. Lymph Glands • Submental •Submandibular • Buccal and mandibular • Preauricural • Occipital