Anatomy of oral cavity and oropharynx

1. ANATOMY OF ORAL CAVITY
AND
OROPHARYNX
DR SWARNITA SAHU
DNB RESIDENT
BATRA HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE
NEW DELHI

2. ORAL CAVITY
• LIPS
• ORAL TONGUE
• FLOOR OF MOUTH
• HARD PALATE
• ALVEOLAR RIDGE
• RETROMOLAR TRIGONE
• BUCCAL MUCOSA

3. LIPS
2 PARTS: UPPER AND LOWER.
BEGINS AT THE JUNCTION OF THE
VERMILLION BORDER WITH SKIN.
FORMS THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF ORAL
VESTIBULE.

4. ORAL TONGUE
TWO PARTS OF
TONGUE:separated by
circumvallate papillae
• PHARYNGEAL/BASE OF
TONGUE
• ORAL TONGUE
FOUR ANATOMIC SITES:
• TIP
• LATERAL SURFACE
• DORSAL
• VENTRAL
MUSCLES
• EXTRINSIC
• INTRINSIC

5. EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE
 attachments outside the tongue
 alter the position of the tongue
 genioglossus muscle: mandible , forms the
majority of the tongue.
 hyoglossus muscle-hyoid bone
 styloglossus muscle-styloid process
 palatoglossus muscle: palate

6. INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE
ORIGINATE AND INSERT WITHIN THE
SUBSTANCE OF THE TONGUE
ALTERS THE SHAPE OF TONGUE
• SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL
• INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL
• VERTICAL
• TRANSVERSE

7. NERVE SUPPLY

8. BLOOD SUPPLY
 ARTERIAL-
 LINGUAL ARTERY-supplies
tongue and floor of mouth.
 branch of
external carotid artery
 VENOUS –
 LINGUAL VEINS.

9. FLOOR OF MOUTH
• SEMILUNAR SPACE
• DIVIDED INTO RIGHT AND LEFT BY FRENULUM
• OVERLIES MYLOHYOID AND HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE
• IT EXTENDS FROM LOWER ALVEOLAR RIDGE TO
UNDERSURFACE OF TONGUE
• POSTERIOR BORDER IS FORMED BY BASE OF ANTERIOR
TONSILLAR PILLAR
• CONTENTS:OSTIA OF SUBLINGUAL AND
SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
• SLINGS:ANTERIORLY : MYLOHYOID
• POSTERIORLY : HYOGLOSSUS
• NERVE:LINGUAL NERVE

10. HARD PALATE
PARTITION BETWEEN NASAL AND ORAL CAVITIES.
MARGINS:
ANTERIOROLATERAL-ALVEOLAR ARCHES AND GUMS.
POSTERIOR – SOFT PALATE
SUPERIOR- FLOOR OF NOSE
INFERIOR-ROOF OF ORAL CAVITY

11.  ARTERIES: greater palatine of maxillary artery.
 VEIN: pterygoid plexus of veins.
 NERVE: greater palatine and nasopalatine branch of pterygopalatine ganglion.

12. RETROMOLAR TRIGONE
TRIANGULAR AREA OVERLYING ANTERIOR
RAMUS OF MANDIBLE.
APEX-MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY.
BASE-POSTERIOR MOST MOLAR.

13. BUCCAL MUCOSA
MUCOSAL SURFACE OF THE CHEEK AND LIPS.
ANTERIORLY FROM THE LINE OF CONTACT OF
OPPOSING LIPS.
POSTERIORLY TO PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE.
SUPERIORLY AND INFERIORLY : IT IS ATTACHED TO
THE MUCOSA OF ALVEOLAR RIDGE.

14. ALVEOLAR RIDGE
ALVEOLAR PROCESSES OF MAXILLA
AND MANDIBLE AND THE
OVERLYING MUCOSA
LOWER ALVEOLAR RIDGE:
OF BUCCAL GUTTER TO FLOOR OF
MOUTH
POSTERIOR MARGIN-ASC RAMUS
OF MANDIBLE
UPPER ALVEOLAR RIDGE-UPPER
BUCCAL GUTTER TO JUNCTION OF
HARD PALATE.
POSTERIOR MARGIN-UPPER END OF
PTERYGOPALATINE ARCH.

15. OROPHARYNX
ANTERIORLY:ORAL CAVITY
POSTEROINFERIORLY:LARYNX AND
HYPOPHARYNX
SUPERIORLY:NASOPHARYNX

16. SUBSITES:
• PALATINE TONSIL
• BASE OF TONGUE
• SOFT PALATE

17. PALATINE TONSILS
 EACH TONSIL IS AN OVOID
MASS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE
 TONSILLAR BED:LATERAL
WALL OF OROPHARYNX
BETWEEN ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR PILLARS
 ANTERIOR
PILLAR:PALATOGLOSSUS
 POSTERIOR
PILLAR:PALATOPHARYNGEUS

18. BASE OF TONGUE
• POSTERIOR ONE THIRD OF THE
TONGUE
BOUNDARIES-
• ANTERIOR: CIRCUMVALLETE PAPILLAE
• POSTERIOR: EPIGLOTTIS
• INFERIOR: EPIGLOTTIS AND HYOID
• SUPERIOR: SOFT PALATE
• LATERAL: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL SULCI
• VALLECULAE:1cm mucosal strip which
serves as transition between base of
tongue and epiglottis
• Part of base of tongue.

19. SOFT PALATE
BOUNDARIES:
ANTERIOR- HARD PALATE
LATERAL- ANTERIOR TONSILLAR PILLARS
POSTEROINFERIOR: UVULA

20. MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE
• PALATOPHARYNGEUS
• PALATOGLOSSUS
• TENSOR VELI PALITINI
• LEVATOR VELI PALITINI
• MUSCULUS UVULAE

21. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

22. LIPS:
UPPER LIP: preauricular , infraparotid , submental
and submandibular
Deep jugular lymph nodes
LOWER LIP:
MEDIAL-submental
LATERAL-submandibular

23. tongue

24. FLOOR OF MOUTH
 SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE SYSTEMS:
 SUPERFICIAL DEEP
CROSSES MIDLINE
I/L AND C/L SUBMANDIBULAR LN
PENETRATE PERIOSTEUM
SUBMANDIBULAR AND
UPPER JUGULAR LN

25. BUCCAL MUCOSA
 PERIPAROTID LN
 SUBMENTAL LN
 SUBMANDIBULAR LN
• RETROPHARYNGEAL LN
• DEEP CERVICAL LN.
HARD PALATE

26. UPPER AND LOWER ALVEOLAR RIDGES
 SUBMENTAL LN
 SUBMANDIBULAR LN
 UPPER DEEP JUGULAR LN
 RETROPHARYNGEAL LN

27. RETROMOLAR TRIGONE
 SUPERIOR DEEP JUGULAR LYMPH NODES
 PERIPAROTID LN
 RETROPHARYNGEAL LN

28. OROPHARYNX
 UPPER JUGULAR LYMPH NODES.

29. THANK YOU