The document describes the bones and joints of the upper limb. It discusses the typical thoracic vertebrae and atypical ribs. It then details the bones of the shoulder including the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. Next it covers the forearm bones radius and ulna. It concludes with the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges of the hand and their articulations. The major joints of the upper limb are also listed including the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow, radioulnar, wrist, carpometacarpal, and interphalangeal joints.

2. REVIEW

3. Typical thoracic vertebra.

4. Atypical thoracic
vertebrae.

5. •TRUE RIBS :
•FALSE RIBS :
•FLOATING RIBS :

6. •A rib has a
Typical rib

7. •The head has two
• The neck
• The tubercle
•Its inferior border has the costal groove.

8. ATYPICAL RIBS
1st rib
Flat, scalene tubercle &
grooves for subclavian v.
2nd rib
rough tuberosity for
serratus anterior m.
10th rib
one facet on the head
11th & 12th
one facet on the head &
no neck or tubercle

9. TYPICAL RIB ARTICULATION
• DORSAL (P) ATTACHMENT THORACIC VERTEBRAE
• HEAD OF RIB  2 DEMIFACETS
• SUPERIOR DEMIFACET
• INFERIOR DEMIFACET OF VERTEBRAABOVE IT
• INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
• TUBERCLE OF RIB 
• VENTRAL (A) ATTACHMENT TO STERNUM
• VIA COSTAL CARTILAGE

10. STERNUM BONE
•FLAT BONE, WITH 3
PARTS:
1. MANUBRIUM STERNI
2. BODY/GLADIOLUS
3. XIPHOID PROCESS

11. Sternum.

12. BONES OF UPPER LIMB

14. ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMB
•SHOULDER: CONTAINS
SCAPULA& CLAVICLE THAT
ARTICULATE WITH THE
STERNUM & THE HUMERUS.

15. THE CLAVICLE
IT LIES HORIZONTALLY IN THE
ROOT OF THE NECK.
IT COVERS THE FLAT 1ST RIB&
ITS MEDIAL 2/3 ARE CURVED.
IT HAS 2 IMPORTANT
FUNCTIONS:
 TO TRANSMIT FORCES FROM
THE UPPER LIMB TO THE
BONES OF THE AXIAL
SKELETON (STERNUM)
 TO ACT AS STRUT HOLDING
THE ARM FREE FROM THE
TRUNK.

16. CLAVICLE
IT HAS BODY AND 2 ENDS:
STERNAL END ARTICULATE WITH THE
MANUBERIUM OF THE STERNUM FORMING THE
STERNO- CLAVICULAR JOINT.
ACROMIAL END ARTICULATE WITH THE
ACROMIAL PROCESS OF THE SCAPULA
FORMING THE ACROMIO- CLAVICULAR JOINT.
 BODY IS CONVEX IN MEDIAL 2/3 CONCAVE IN
LATERAL 1/3.

17. THE SCAPULA
• 2 SURFACES (VENTRAL& DORSAL).&
• 3 ANGLES (SUPERIOR, LATERAL&
INFERIOR).&
• 3 BORDERS (MEDIAL ,LATERAL &
SUPERIOR).
• 3 PROCESS (SPINE ,ACROMIAL
PROCESS &CORACOID PROCESS).

18. THE SCAPULA
THE VENTRAL (COSTAL) SURFACE IS
CONCAVE &FORMS THE SUBSCAPULAR
FOSSA.
THE DORSAL SURFACE IS CONVEX
&DIVIDED BY THE SPINE OF THE
SCAPULA TO 2 FOSSAE:
1- A SMALL SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA.
2-A LARGE INFRASPINOUS FOSSA.

19. THE SCAPULA

20. ARTICULATION OF THE SCAPULA
THERE ARE 2 SYNOVIAL
& 2 FIBROUS JOINTS.
•SYNOVIAL JOINTS :
GLENOID CAVITY WITH
THE HEAD OF THE
HUMERUS TO FORM
THE SHOULDER JOINT .
ACROMIO-
CLAVICULAR JOINT

21. ARTICULATION OF THE SCAPULA
•FIBROUS JOINTS :
CORACO- CLAVICULAR
JOINT (STRONG JOINT
COVERED WITH
STRONG LIGAMENT)
CORACO- ACROMIAL
JOINT (STRONG JOINT
COVERED WITH
STRONG LIGAMENT)

22. HUMERUS
• IT IS A TUBULAR LONG BONE
COMPOSED OF UPPER END , BODY
(SHAFT ) & LOWER END.
• UPPER END FORMED FROM
HEAD
NECK ( ANATOMICAL &SURGICAL )
TUBERCLES (GREATER & LESSER )

23. HUMERUS
• BODY (SHAFT)
LATERAL & MEDIAL BORDERS OF THE
LOWER SHAFT ARE CONTINUED BELOW
TO FORM THE LATERAL & MEDIAL
SUPRACONDYLAR RIDGES (CRESTS)
WHICH END WITH LATERAL & MEDIAL
EPICONDYLES
MIDDLE OF THE SHAFT THERE IS
DELTOID TUBEROSITY & THE SPIRAL
GROOVE

24. HUMERUS
THE LOWER END FORMED
FROM( FROM MEDIAL TO
LATERAL ) :
• ANTERIOR ASPECT :MEDIAL
EPICONDYLE , TROCHLEA
,CAPITULUM & LATERAL
EPICONDYLE . WITH 2
FOSSAE (CORONOID &
RADIAL ) .

25. • POSTERIOR ASPECT:
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE ,
TROCHLEA & LATERAL
EPICONDYLE WITH ONE
FOSSA (OLECRANON) .
• MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
CARRIES A SHALLOW
GROOVE IN THE POSTERIOR
SURFACE FOR THE ULNER
NERVE
HUMERUS

27. RADIUS
• LONG BONE , CONSIST OF THIN NARROW
UPPER END ,BODY & THICK EXPANDED LOWER
END .
THE UPPER END CONSIST OF :
HEAD :
 ARTICULATE WITH CAPITULUM OF HUMERUS.
 LATERAL SURFACE WITH THE RADIAL NOTCH
OF THE ULNA .
NECK :CONSTRICTED PART BELOW THE HEAD
.
 RADIAL TUBEROSITY :BELOW THE MEDIAL
PART OF THE NECK .

29. ULNA
IT IS ALONG BONE WITH UPPER END ,
BODY (SHAFT ) & LOWER END.
THE UPPER END CONSIST OF :
1- THE OLECRANON PROCESS :THE
UPPER PART OF THE TROCHLEAR
FOSSA .
2- THE CORONOID PROCESS : THE
LOWER PART OF THE TROCHLEAR
FOSSA .
3- THE ULNAR TUBEROSITY :BELOW THE
CORONOID PROCESS ON THE
ANTERIOR SURFACE .
.

31. BONES OF THE HAND
• CARPALS , METACARPALS &
PHALANGES BONES
• CARPAL BONES 8 ARRANGE IN 2 ROWS
( PROXIMAL & DISTAL )
FROM LATERAL TO MEDIAL:
PROXIMAL ROW : SCAPHOID ,LUNATE ,
TRIQUETRAL & PISIFORM
DISTAL ROW : TRAPEZIUM ,
TRAPEZOID , CAPITATE & HAMATE

32. BONES OF THE HAND
• METACARPAL BONES : ARE 5
• EACH METACARPAL BONE HAS : BASE
,SHAFT & HEAD .
• THE PHALANGES : ALL THE FINGERS
HAVE 3 PHALANGES ( PROXIMAL , MIDDLE
& DISTAL ) EXCEPT THE THUMB HAS ONLY
2 (PROXIMAL & DISTAL ).
• EACH PHALANX HAS BASE , SHAFT &
HEAD

34. ARTICULATION/JOINTS OF THE
CARPAL BONES
THE SCAPHOID & LUNATE ARTICULATE
WITH THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS .
THE TRIQUETRAL ARTICULATES WITH
THE LOWER END OF THE ULNA
THE BONES OF THE PROXIMAL ROW
JOINS WITH THE BONES OF THE DISTAL
ROW IN MID CARPAL (TRANSVERESE
CARPAL) JOINT.

35. JOINTS OF UPPER LIMB
• STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
• ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT: SYNOVIAL PLANE
• GLENOHUMERAL JOINT: SYNOVIAL BALL AND
SOCKET
• ELBOW JOINT: SYNOVIAL HINGE
• RADIOULNAR JOINTS:
• WRIST JOINT: ELLIPSOID TYPE OF SYNOVIAL
• CARPOMETACARPAL
• INTERPHALNGEAL JOINT

37. MOVEMENTS ON DIFFERENT JOINTS