A small ppt on parotid gland.

1. Parotid Gland
Varsha Esakki
BDS YEAR-1

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
SITUATION ANDEXTENT
BOUNDARIES
EXTERNAL FEATURES
REATIONS
CAPSULE OF PAROTID GLAND
STRUCTURES WITHIN
ARTERIAL SUPPLY, VENOUS,LYMPH DRAINAGE
NERVE SUPPLY
HISTOLOGY
DUCTAND SECERATION’S FUNCTIONS.
APPLIEDANATOMY

3. PAROTID GLAND
ITis largestofthreepairsofmain
salivaryglandsin ouroralcavity.
Weighsaround14-28 grams.
Contributes60-65%oftotalsalivary
volume.
Shapedasirregular,wedgeuni-
lobedstructure.

5. SITUATION AND EXTENT
IT IS LOCATEDIN RETRO MANDIBULARFOSSA
Lying below EXTERNALACOUSTIC MEATUS, BTWEEN
RAMUS OF MANDIBLE AND STERNOCLEDOMASTOID
MUSCLE.
PROJECTS FORWARD ON THE SURFACE OF
MASSETER ^^
EXTENDSFROM ZYGOMATIC ARCH TO UPPER PART OF
NECK. OVERLAPS MASSETER,POSTERIOR BELLYOF
DIGASTRIC MUSCLE, ANTERIOR PART OF
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDMUSCLE, PART OF CAROTID
TRIANGLE.

7. BOUNDARIES [SKULL]
ANTERIOR- POSTERIOR BORDER
OF RAMUS OF MANDIBLE
POSTERIOR-BONY PROJECTIONS
AKA MASTOID PROCESS
SUPERIORLY- EXTERNAL
ACOUSTIC MEATUS, POSTERIOR
PART OF TMJ
MEDIALLY-STYLOID PROCESS

8. BOUNDARIES -2
BOUNDARIES-2
ANTERIOR- OVERLAPS MASSETER, AP LIES
ABOVE DUCT, ON APONEUROTIC
PART OF MASSETER.
PAROTID DUCT, TERMINAL BRANCHES OF
FACIAL NERVES,TRANSVERS
FACIAL VESSELS.
POSTERIOR- EXTENDS BELOW A M, ONTO
MASTOID PROCESS.
MEDIALLY- OCCUPIES THE GAP B/W MANDIBLE
AND MASTOID PROCESS,
STYLOID PROCESS OF TEMPORAL BONE.
REACHES CLOSE TO THE LATERAL WALL OF
OROPHARYNX.

9. EXTERNAL SURFACE
RESEMBLES THREE SIDED PYRAMID WITH APEX DOWN.
1.APEX
2.FOUR SURFACES
a.SUPERIOR SURFACE
b.SUPERFICIAL SURFACE[ LARGEST OF FOUR]
c.ANTEROMEDIAL SURFACE
d.POSTEROMEDIAL SURFACE
3.THREE BORDERS

10. EXTERNAL SURFACE

11. RELATIONS
.
1.APEX ( UP)
OVERLAPS POSTERIOR BELLY OF
DIAGASTIC,PART OF CAROTID
TRIANGLE.
STRUCTURES EMERGING:-
# CERVICAL BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE
#ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR DIVISION
OF RETROMANDIBULAR VEIN.
( FORMED WITHIN PAROTID BY JOINING
OF SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN AND
MAXILLLARY VEIN)

12. 2. FOUR SURFACES
a.SUPERIOR SURFACE AKA (BASE):-
CONCAVE, RELATED TO ACOUSTIC MEATUS AND
POSTERIOR PART OF TMJ.
Structures passing:-
Superficial temporal vessels
Auriculotemporal nerve
b.SUPERFICIAL OR LATERAL SURFACE:- (LARGEST SURFACE).
SURFACE).
SKIN -------- SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-- PLATYSMA--
PAROTID FASCIA(INVESTING LAYER MODIFICATION)-
-- DEEP FASCIAL HAS PAROTID LYMPH NODES
EMBEDDED IN GLAND.

13. C. ANTEROMEDIAL SURFACE:-
DEPPLY GROOVED BY PB OF RAMUS OF
MANDIBLE, RELATED TO MASSETER, MEDIAL
PTERYGOID, WRAPPED AROUND CAPSULE
OF TMJ.
BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE EMERGES
FROM ANTERIOR SURFACE.

14. d. POSTERIOR-MEDIAL SURFACE:-
MASTOID PROCESS – OUTER
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE, INNER
POSTERIOR BELLY OF DIAGASTRIC MUSCLE.
STYLOID PROCESS AND ITS GROUP OF
MUSCLES, WHICH SEPERATES THE GLAND
FROM INTERNAL CARAOTID ARTERY,INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN,LAST FOUR CRANIAL NERVES.
THE STRUCTURES THAT ENTER GLAND
THROUGH THIS SURFACE:-
FACIAL NERVE TRUNK IN ITS UPPER PART
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY IN ITS LOWER
PART.

15. ANTERIOR BORDER:-
SEPERATES SUPERFICIAL SURFACE FROM
ANTERO-MEDIAL SURFACE.
FOLLOWING STRUCTURES EMERGE ( UP
TO DOWN).
a. TEMPORAL BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE
b. ZYGOMATIC BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE
c. TRANSVERSE FACIAL VESSELS
d. UPPER BUCCAL BRANCH OF FACIAL
NERVE
e. PAROTID DUCT
f. LOWER BUCCAL BRANCH OF FACIAL
NERVE
g. MARGINAL MANDIBULAR BRANCH OF
FACIAL NERVE

16. POSTERIOR BORDER
SEPERATES SUPERFICIAL SURFACE FROM
POSTEROMEDIAL SURFACE. OVERLAPS
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID.
STUFF EMERGING;-
POSTERIOR AURICULAR VESSELS
POSTERIOR AURICULAR BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE.
MEDIAL BORDER AKA PHARYNGEAL WALL
SEPERATES ANTERIOMEDIAL AND POSTERIOMEDIAL
SURFACES.
RELATED TO LATERAL WALL OF PHARYNX

17. CAPSULE/FASCIA OF PAROTID GLAND
PAROTID GLAND SURROUNDED BY FIBRIOUS CAPSULE
aka PF.
AKA CONTINUATION OF INVESTING LAYER OF DEEP
CERVICAL FASCIA IN NECK WHICH SPLITS AT ANGLE
OF MANDIBLE AND STYLOID PROCESS, TO ENCLOSE
THE GLAND IN SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP LAYER
SUPERFICIAL LAYER EXTEND SUPERIORLY AS
PAROTIDOMASSETERIC FASCIA AND REACHES UPTO
ZYGOMATIC ARCH
DEEP LAYER IS ATTACHED TO MANDIBLE, TYMPANIC
PLATE, STYLOID AND MASTOID PROCESS OF
TEMPORAL LOBE.

18. STRUCTURES WITHIN PARATOID GLAND
STRUCTURES THAT TRANSVERSE THE PARATOID GLAND ARE
(MEDIAL TO LATERAL).
1.EXTERNAL CARAOTID ARTERY
ENTERS THROUGH POSTEROMEDIAL SURFACE,
DIVIDES INTO MAXILLARY ARTERY AND
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY.
2.RETRO-MANDIBULAR VEIN
FORMED BY UNION OF MAXILLARY AND SUPERFICIAL
TEMPORAL VEINS, SUPERFICIAL TO ECA.
3.FACIAL NERVE AND BRANCH
FACIAL NERVE TRUNK OR ITS TEMOPOROFACIAL AND CERVICOFACIAL
DIVISION ENTERS GLAND THROUGH POSTERO-MEDIAL
SURFACE BTWEEN MASTOID AND STYLOHOID
PROCESS.

19. ARTERIAL, VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
BOOD SUPPLY
SUPPLIED BY EXTERNAL CARATOID ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES.
VENOUS DRAINAGE
EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN AND INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
FIRST DRAINS TO PAROTID LYMPH NODES IN SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
AND DEEP FASCIA. THEY
DRAIN- PG,MIDDLE EAR,PARTS OF EYELIDS ORBIT ETC.
EFFERENTS OF THESE NODES PASS TO UPPER GROUP OF DEEP
CERVICIAL NODES.

20. HISTOLOGY
PAROTID IS PURE SEROUS GLAND HOWEVER
MUCOUS ACINI MAYBE FOUND IN INFANTS.
INTERCALATED DUCTS OF PAROTID ARE LONG
AND BRANCHED.
THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SPETA IN PAROTID
CONTAINS NUMEROUS FAT CELLS WHICH
LEAVES EMPTY SPACE IN SLIDE.

21. NERVE SUPPLY
Parasympathetic or secretomotar –
AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE
Sympathetic supply or vasomotor –
SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS AROUND THE
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY, FORMED BY
POST
GANGLION FIBRES.
SENSORY SUPPLY – AURICULOTEMPORAL
NERVE , GREAT AURICULONERVE [C2,C3]

22. STENSEN’S DUCT
IT IS THICK WALLED AND 5 CM IN LENGTH AND DIAMETER.
IT CARRIES SALIVA AND ENTERS THE ORAL CAVITY
OPPOSITE TO MAXILLARY 2ND MOLAR.
IT RUNS FORWARD FOR A SHORT DIDTANCE BTWEEN
BUCCINATOR AND ORAL MUCOSA.
FUNCTIONS OF SECREATIONS
mastication and deglutition
IT has igA immunoglobin
Helps in digestion of carbs with amylase present in it.
Lubrication and cleansing of oral cavity.

23. APPLIED ANATOMY
Sialadenitis
It is the inflammation of the salivary gland caused by obstruction and infection by
bacteria, viruses, or stones.
Symptoms include pain, swelling of the gland, and fever.
The most common microorganisms involved in the condition are staphylococcal
bacteria and the mumps virus.
Treatment includes antibiotics for bacterial infections, oral hydration, warm
compresses, and drugs that induce salivary secretion. For cases of refractory infection,
surgical management may be indicated (i.e., abscess drainage).

24. Sialolithiasis
IT is a benign condition caused when a stone or calculus is lodged in a salivary duct.
Signs and symptoms include pain and swelling in the affected duct, particularly
during and after eating
Ultrasound imaging is the first step in the diagnosis.
The goal of treatment is to increase saliva flow through the duct with oral
hydration and drugs that induce salivary secretion.
Surgical removal of the calculus is required for chronic sialolithiasis that has failed
conservative treatment.

25. THANK
YOU :)