The document describes an alternative teaching strategy called "Concept Review Game" where students work in pairs to review concepts and terms. Each pair is given a term written on a small slip of paper. The student must give a one-word clue to their partner, who tries to guess the term. If guessed correctly, the pair earns a point. The game continues until all terms have been reviewed, with the pair with the most points winning.
The document outlines 9 principles of learning and provides examples of how a teacher demonstrated each principle in their classroom. The principles include learning occurring through experience, discovery of personal meaning, collaboration, being an evolutionary process, sometimes involving pain, and being unique to each individual. The teacher ensured students took an active role in learning, engaged in relevant and experiential activities, collaborated in groups, and were given opportunities to share ideas and learn at their own pace and in ways that suited their abilities and styles. This adherence to the principles helped create an effective teaching-learning environment where students could attain knowledge and skills in a smooth and meaningful way.
The document discusses various teaching models including information processing models, behavioural models, personal models, and social models.
It provides details on several information processing models such as Atkinson and Shiffrin's model of memory, Gagne's information processing model, and different types of inquiry teaching models. Behavioural models covered include direct instruction, mastery learning, and programmed instruction models. Personal models summarized are non-directive teaching, developing positive self-concepts, and the project model. Lastly, the social model discusses group teaching, cooperative learning, and simulation methods like sociodrama and role-play.
The document provides an overview of key teaching models with the goal of guiding teachers in planning and
The document discusses different teaching approaches and methods. It begins by distinguishing between direct/expository approaches that have high teacher direction and guided/exploratory approaches with high student participation. It then defines key concepts like approach and method. The main types covered are direct/expository methods like deductive and demonstrative, as well as guided/exploratory methods like inductive. Characteristics, examples and advantages/disadvantages of each method are provided. The document aims to help teachers understand different instructional strategies and how to apply them based on learning objectives and content.
The document discusses different teaching strategies:
1. Class debates involve structured discussions where two sides of an issue are presented and argued.
2. Presentations involve a teacher clarifying aims, introducing a topic, presenting information step-by-step, and checking student understanding.
3. Role playing allows students to understand different perspectives by taking on roles in discussions or scenarios. Guidelines are provided for each strategy.
The document describes a deductive approach to teaching language. It begins with presenting rules to learners, then examples of those rules, and finally practice applying the rules. This is a teacher-centered approach compared to an inductive method where learners derive rules from examples themselves. The deductive approach dictates grammatical structures and rules to students first before having them apply the rules in examples. It starts with presenting a rule followed by examples of that rule.
The document describes various training methods that can be used to engage participants, including interactive lectures, demonstrations, role plays, group discussions, and debates. Interactive lectures are shorter than formal lectures and encourage participation through discussion. Effective delivery requires two-way communication, visuals, examples, and summarization. Group discussions are useful for sharing knowledge and experiences, and can be structured in different ways like small groups, huddles, or buzz groups. Role plays, demonstrations, and debates also actively involve participants to meet learning objectives. Selecting the appropriate method depends on factors like group size, content, and learning goals.
The document discusses several alternative teaching strategies including brainstorming, demonstration, class discussion, debate, presentation, role playing, simulation, sociodrama, K-W-L strategy, and tri question approach. It provides the objectives and steps to conducting each strategy, with brainstorming involving generating solutions to a problem, demonstration showing skills, and class discussion improving thinking through student involvement.
The document outlines 9 principles of learning and provides examples of how a teacher demonstrated each principle in their classroom. The principles include learning occurring through experience, discovery of personal meaning, collaboration, being an evolutionary process, sometimes involving pain, and being unique to each individual. The teacher ensured students took an active role in learning, engaged in relevant and experiential activities, collaborated in groups, and were given opportunities to share ideas and learn at their own pace and in ways that suited their abilities and styles. This adherence to the principles helped create an effective teaching-learning environment where students could attain knowledge and skills in a smooth and meaningful way.
The document discusses various teaching models including information processing models, behavioural models, personal models, and social models.
It provides details on several information processing models such as Atkinson and Shiffrin's model of memory, Gagne's information processing model, and different types of inquiry teaching models. Behavioural models covered include direct instruction, mastery learning, and programmed instruction models. Personal models summarized are non-directive teaching, developing positive self-concepts, and the project model. Lastly, the social model discusses group teaching, cooperative learning, and simulation methods like sociodrama and role-play.
The document provides an overview of key teaching models with the goal of guiding teachers in planning and
The document discusses different teaching approaches and methods. It begins by distinguishing between direct/expository approaches that have high teacher direction and guided/exploratory approaches with high student participation. It then defines key concepts like approach and method. The main types covered are direct/expository methods like deductive and demonstrative, as well as guided/exploratory methods like inductive. Characteristics, examples and advantages/disadvantages of each method are provided. The document aims to help teachers understand different instructional strategies and how to apply them based on learning objectives and content.
The document discusses different teaching strategies:
1. Class debates involve structured discussions where two sides of an issue are presented and argued.
2. Presentations involve a teacher clarifying aims, introducing a topic, presenting information step-by-step, and checking student understanding.
3. Role playing allows students to understand different perspectives by taking on roles in discussions or scenarios. Guidelines are provided for each strategy.
The document describes a deductive approach to teaching language. It begins with presenting rules to learners, then examples of those rules, and finally practice applying the rules. This is a teacher-centered approach compared to an inductive method where learners derive rules from examples themselves. The deductive approach dictates grammatical structures and rules to students first before having them apply the rules in examples. It starts with presenting a rule followed by examples of that rule.
The document describes various training methods that can be used to engage participants, including interactive lectures, demonstrations, role plays, group discussions, and debates. Interactive lectures are shorter than formal lectures and encourage participation through discussion. Effective delivery requires two-way communication, visuals, examples, and summarization. Group discussions are useful for sharing knowledge and experiences, and can be structured in different ways like small groups, huddles, or buzz groups. Role plays, demonstrations, and debates also actively involve participants to meet learning objectives. Selecting the appropriate method depends on factors like group size, content, and learning goals.
The document discusses several alternative teaching strategies including brainstorming, demonstration, class discussion, debate, presentation, role playing, simulation, sociodrama, K-W-L strategy, and tri question approach. It provides the objectives and steps to conducting each strategy, with brainstorming involving generating solutions to a problem, demonstration showing skills, and class discussion improving thinking through student involvement.
Chapter 5 Cognitive, Psychomotor and Affective Domains of Objectives as Basis...almera352
The document discusses domains of objectives that can be used to construct teacher-made tests. It describes the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. The cognitive domain includes knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The psychomotor domain includes perception, set readiness, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation, and origination. The affective domain includes receiving, responding, valuing, organizing values, and characterization by values. Sample behavioral terms and objectives are provided for each domain to illustrate how they can be used to develop test questions that assess students' learning.
Selection & use of teaching strategies & different approachesRuth Flores
The document discusses various teaching strategies and approaches. It begins by outlining 5 guiding principles for selecting strategies: 1) learning is active, 2) involving multiple senses enhances learning, 3) emotion increases retention, 4) meaningful learning connects to students' lives, and 5) teaching should go beyond recall to develop higher-order thinking. It then describes direct/expository approaches like lecture and demonstration methods. Indirect/guided approaches discussed include inquiry-based learning, problem-solving, and project-based learning. A variety of teaching methods are suitable depending on objectives, content, and learners. An integrated approach using multiple strategies is most effective.
Teaching approach, strategy, method and techniquesCarlo Roberto
The document discusses different teaching approaches and methods. It identifies teacher-centered, learner-centered, subject matter-centered, and learner-centered as some of the main approaches. It also discusses direct instruction/lecture method, demonstration method, and indirect/guided/exploratory approach as specific teaching methods. Direct instruction involves the teacher directly telling or showing students what is being taught, while indirect methods guide students to discover things for themselves through inquiry-based learning.
Authentic assessment evaluates students' skills and abilities through performance tests and portfolios that demonstrate tasks in real-world situations. It promotes higher-order thinking and directly shows what students have learned through application and construction of knowledge. Traditional assessment involves impersonal, standardized testing that compares students and focuses on choosing correct answers, rather than developing responses or allowing freedom in showing abilities. Authentic assessment identifies strengths and weaknesses through student and peer evaluation, while traditional assessment relies solely on the teacher's subjective evaluation.
The document outlines Robert Gagne's 9 steps for instructional design and provides an example lesson plan applying the steps. The 9 steps are: 1) gaining attention, 2) informing learners of objectives, 3) stimulating recall of prior learning, 4) presenting stimulus, 5) providing guidance, 6) eliciting performance, 7) giving feedback, 8) assessing performance, and 9) enhancing retention and transfer. The example lesson teaches 2nd graders how to create diagrams using Kidspiration software by guiding them through each step of Gagne's instructional model.
Integrated curriculum brings together students and teachers to select topics of interest to study together. Students actively participate in deciding the direction of their learning. They explore issues to understand them and propose solutions. This develops essential skills while also building knowledge. Integrated programs emphasize making connections, developing significant topics, and seeing real purposes for learning. Students are involved in negotiating their learning and integrating knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. The teacher acts as a guide rather than just imparting knowledge.
The document discusses three types of problem solving: mental, symbolic, and real. Mental problem solving involves contemplation and reflection without physical manipulation. Symbolic problem solving uses tools like language, drawings, or models to represent problems. Real problem solving deals with practical, physical problems in the real world. The document also lists benefits of problem solving, such as developing reasoning skills and teaching learners how to act in new situations. It outlines the problem solving process as recognizing issues, suggesting hypotheses, evaluating solutions, and verifying the best solution.
This document discusses teaching approaches, strategies, methods, techniques and activities. It defines each concept and provides examples. Teaching approach refers to the overall way a subject is taught, such as inductive or deductive approaches. Teaching strategies are plans for implementing methods to achieve objectives, like expository teaching. Teaching methods are systematic actions used to achieve short term goals, for example direct instruction. Simulation and team teaching are also described as examples of teaching methods.
The document discusses different approaches to curriculum development in the Philippine context. It provides an overview of the history of curriculum development in the Philippines under different ruling powers from pre-Spanish times to the present Philippine Republic. It also outlines key factors to consider in curriculum development such as cultural values, knowledge of learners, teaching/learning theories, and content selection. Different theories and approaches to curriculum development are examined, including technical-scientific, behavioral, and humanistic approaches.
This document discusses various teaching strategies and methodologies. It contrasts teacher-centered versus student-centered learning and describes three main teaching styles: direct instruction, inquiry-based learning, and cooperative learning. Traditional teaching strategies like lecturing, discussion, and questioning are outlined along with activity-based strategies such as cooperative learning, simulations, and problem-based learning. Computer-assisted instructional strategies using tools like drill-and-practice, tutorials, games, and simulations are also summarized.
The document discusses the relationship between curriculum and instruction. Curriculum refers to a set of learning goals and objectives, while instruction involves engaging learners in planned learning activities. For instruction to properly address the curriculum, it must provide learning experiences that benefit learners, approximate real life, encourage further inquiry, heighten interest and motivation, involve different senses, allow for broad and deep study, and ensure mastery of the material. The curriculum content and objectives should align with the instruction and learning experiences provided.
This document outlines principles for selecting and organizing content for teaching. It identifies seven qualities that content should have: validity, significance, self-sufficiency, balance, interest, utility, and feasibility. Content should include cognitive elements like facts and concepts, as well as skills and affective elements like values. Strategies are provided for helping students develop conceptual understanding, including exploring topics in depth, relating new ideas to prior knowledge, emphasizing conceptual understanding over isolated facts, and engaging students in teaching others. An effective integration of cognitive, skill, and affective elements is emphasized.
Effective questioning and reacting techniquesPauline Abordo
The document discusses questioning techniques that teachers can use to generate interaction in the classroom. It identifies different types of questions, such as convergent and divergent questions, and skills teachers should develop like varying question types and allowing sufficient wait time. Teachers are advised to know their own questioning style, increase their repertoire of high-level questions, and consider students' abilities when asking questions. The document also provides tips for encouraging students to ask questions, such as praising well-formulated questions, attending to students' questions, and allotting time for open questioning.
This document discusses different curriculum design models:
1. Subject-centered design organizes curriculum around academic subjects and focuses on mastery of content. It is the most familiar model but can lead to compartmentalization of learning.
2. Learner-centered designs like child-centered, experience-centered, and humanistic models make the learner's interests, needs, and experiences the starting point for curriculum. They aim to develop the whole child.
3. Problem-centered design organizes subjects around problems for students to solve through inquiry. It engages students with authentic real-world problems.
The core design model focuses on common human activities and problems to provide general education through interdisciplinary study.
Teaching Strategies and Methodologies for Teaching and LearningMG M
The term Teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your method depends on what are your goals, your individual style and your school’s vision.
intended vs implemented vs achieved curriculumobemrosalia
The document discusses the intended, implemented, and achieved curriculum. It defines each type of curriculum: the intended curriculum refers to the objectives and goals set out at the beginning, the implemented curriculum consists of the learning activities and experiences provided to students, and the achieved curriculum reflects the learning outcomes based on evaluations of students' performance. The document also provides examples of how each type of curriculum could be assessed and compared.
The document outlines principles of learning that were observed being applied in a Grade 9 mathematics classroom. It summarizes the teacher's adherence to 9 principles of learning through her teaching behaviors and the learning behaviors of her students. These include allowing students to actively participate in learning, discovering personal meaning, using hands-on activities, collaborative work, gradual instruction from simple to complex concepts, and addressing varied learning styles. The observer agreed that the teacher generally applied the principles well, though some were less evident. Overall, observing the classroom application of learning principles provided lessons about creating an organized, orderly lesson to achieve goals and maximize student learning.
This document discusses several principles of constructivist teaching:
- Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learners actively construct meaning and knowledge rather than passively receiving information.
- Key aspects include authentic and real-world learning activities, multiple perspectives, self-directed learning, and meaningful learning.
- Interactive, collaborative, integrative, inquiry-based, and transdisciplinary teaching are also discussed. Effective constructivist teachers employ a variety of methods to actively engage learners in the knowledge construction process.
This document provides guidance on developing effective lesson plans. It discusses key components to consider, including knowing your students, the content, and available materials and equipment. Lesson plans should have clear objectives, outline the procedure and activities, and include assessments tied to the objectives. The document also presents several common lesson plan models, such as Gagne's nine events of instruction and the 5E model. Readers are encouraged to design lesson plans that incorporate useful instructional strategies and techniques.
This document discusses alternative teaching strategies including brainstorming, demonstration, class discussion, class debate, and presentation. Brainstorming generates discussion about puzzling issues and encourages creative thinking. Demonstration allows teachers to model skills and behaviors. Class discussion improves critical thinking and engagement. Class debate consists of speeches by opposing teams on pre-assigned topics. Presentation involves teachers clarifying lesson aims, using advanced organizers, presenting new information, and concluding.
Chapter 5 Cognitive, Psychomotor and Affective Domains of Objectives as Basis...almera352
The document discusses domains of objectives that can be used to construct teacher-made tests. It describes the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. The cognitive domain includes knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The psychomotor domain includes perception, set readiness, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation, and origination. The affective domain includes receiving, responding, valuing, organizing values, and characterization by values. Sample behavioral terms and objectives are provided for each domain to illustrate how they can be used to develop test questions that assess students' learning.
Selection & use of teaching strategies & different approachesRuth Flores
The document discusses various teaching strategies and approaches. It begins by outlining 5 guiding principles for selecting strategies: 1) learning is active, 2) involving multiple senses enhances learning, 3) emotion increases retention, 4) meaningful learning connects to students' lives, and 5) teaching should go beyond recall to develop higher-order thinking. It then describes direct/expository approaches like lecture and demonstration methods. Indirect/guided approaches discussed include inquiry-based learning, problem-solving, and project-based learning. A variety of teaching methods are suitable depending on objectives, content, and learners. An integrated approach using multiple strategies is most effective.
Teaching approach, strategy, method and techniquesCarlo Roberto
The document discusses different teaching approaches and methods. It identifies teacher-centered, learner-centered, subject matter-centered, and learner-centered as some of the main approaches. It also discusses direct instruction/lecture method, demonstration method, and indirect/guided/exploratory approach as specific teaching methods. Direct instruction involves the teacher directly telling or showing students what is being taught, while indirect methods guide students to discover things for themselves through inquiry-based learning.
Authentic assessment evaluates students' skills and abilities through performance tests and portfolios that demonstrate tasks in real-world situations. It promotes higher-order thinking and directly shows what students have learned through application and construction of knowledge. Traditional assessment involves impersonal, standardized testing that compares students and focuses on choosing correct answers, rather than developing responses or allowing freedom in showing abilities. Authentic assessment identifies strengths and weaknesses through student and peer evaluation, while traditional assessment relies solely on the teacher's subjective evaluation.
The document outlines Robert Gagne's 9 steps for instructional design and provides an example lesson plan applying the steps. The 9 steps are: 1) gaining attention, 2) informing learners of objectives, 3) stimulating recall of prior learning, 4) presenting stimulus, 5) providing guidance, 6) eliciting performance, 7) giving feedback, 8) assessing performance, and 9) enhancing retention and transfer. The example lesson teaches 2nd graders how to create diagrams using Kidspiration software by guiding them through each step of Gagne's instructional model.
Integrated curriculum brings together students and teachers to select topics of interest to study together. Students actively participate in deciding the direction of their learning. They explore issues to understand them and propose solutions. This develops essential skills while also building knowledge. Integrated programs emphasize making connections, developing significant topics, and seeing real purposes for learning. Students are involved in negotiating their learning and integrating knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. The teacher acts as a guide rather than just imparting knowledge.
The document discusses three types of problem solving: mental, symbolic, and real. Mental problem solving involves contemplation and reflection without physical manipulation. Symbolic problem solving uses tools like language, drawings, or models to represent problems. Real problem solving deals with practical, physical problems in the real world. The document also lists benefits of problem solving, such as developing reasoning skills and teaching learners how to act in new situations. It outlines the problem solving process as recognizing issues, suggesting hypotheses, evaluating solutions, and verifying the best solution.
This document discusses teaching approaches, strategies, methods, techniques and activities. It defines each concept and provides examples. Teaching approach refers to the overall way a subject is taught, such as inductive or deductive approaches. Teaching strategies are plans for implementing methods to achieve objectives, like expository teaching. Teaching methods are systematic actions used to achieve short term goals, for example direct instruction. Simulation and team teaching are also described as examples of teaching methods.
The document discusses different approaches to curriculum development in the Philippine context. It provides an overview of the history of curriculum development in the Philippines under different ruling powers from pre-Spanish times to the present Philippine Republic. It also outlines key factors to consider in curriculum development such as cultural values, knowledge of learners, teaching/learning theories, and content selection. Different theories and approaches to curriculum development are examined, including technical-scientific, behavioral, and humanistic approaches.
This document discusses various teaching strategies and methodologies. It contrasts teacher-centered versus student-centered learning and describes three main teaching styles: direct instruction, inquiry-based learning, and cooperative learning. Traditional teaching strategies like lecturing, discussion, and questioning are outlined along with activity-based strategies such as cooperative learning, simulations, and problem-based learning. Computer-assisted instructional strategies using tools like drill-and-practice, tutorials, games, and simulations are also summarized.
The document discusses the relationship between curriculum and instruction. Curriculum refers to a set of learning goals and objectives, while instruction involves engaging learners in planned learning activities. For instruction to properly address the curriculum, it must provide learning experiences that benefit learners, approximate real life, encourage further inquiry, heighten interest and motivation, involve different senses, allow for broad and deep study, and ensure mastery of the material. The curriculum content and objectives should align with the instruction and learning experiences provided.
This document outlines principles for selecting and organizing content for teaching. It identifies seven qualities that content should have: validity, significance, self-sufficiency, balance, interest, utility, and feasibility. Content should include cognitive elements like facts and concepts, as well as skills and affective elements like values. Strategies are provided for helping students develop conceptual understanding, including exploring topics in depth, relating new ideas to prior knowledge, emphasizing conceptual understanding over isolated facts, and engaging students in teaching others. An effective integration of cognitive, skill, and affective elements is emphasized.
Effective questioning and reacting techniquesPauline Abordo
The document discusses questioning techniques that teachers can use to generate interaction in the classroom. It identifies different types of questions, such as convergent and divergent questions, and skills teachers should develop like varying question types and allowing sufficient wait time. Teachers are advised to know their own questioning style, increase their repertoire of high-level questions, and consider students' abilities when asking questions. The document also provides tips for encouraging students to ask questions, such as praising well-formulated questions, attending to students' questions, and allotting time for open questioning.
This document discusses different curriculum design models:
1. Subject-centered design organizes curriculum around academic subjects and focuses on mastery of content. It is the most familiar model but can lead to compartmentalization of learning.
2. Learner-centered designs like child-centered, experience-centered, and humanistic models make the learner's interests, needs, and experiences the starting point for curriculum. They aim to develop the whole child.
3. Problem-centered design organizes subjects around problems for students to solve through inquiry. It engages students with authentic real-world problems.
The core design model focuses on common human activities and problems to provide general education through interdisciplinary study.
Teaching Strategies and Methodologies for Teaching and LearningMG M
The term Teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your method depends on what are your goals, your individual style and your school’s vision.
intended vs implemented vs achieved curriculumobemrosalia
The document discusses the intended, implemented, and achieved curriculum. It defines each type of curriculum: the intended curriculum refers to the objectives and goals set out at the beginning, the implemented curriculum consists of the learning activities and experiences provided to students, and the achieved curriculum reflects the learning outcomes based on evaluations of students' performance. The document also provides examples of how each type of curriculum could be assessed and compared.
The document outlines principles of learning that were observed being applied in a Grade 9 mathematics classroom. It summarizes the teacher's adherence to 9 principles of learning through her teaching behaviors and the learning behaviors of her students. These include allowing students to actively participate in learning, discovering personal meaning, using hands-on activities, collaborative work, gradual instruction from simple to complex concepts, and addressing varied learning styles. The observer agreed that the teacher generally applied the principles well, though some were less evident. Overall, observing the classroom application of learning principles provided lessons about creating an organized, orderly lesson to achieve goals and maximize student learning.
This document discusses several principles of constructivist teaching:
- Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learners actively construct meaning and knowledge rather than passively receiving information.
- Key aspects include authentic and real-world learning activities, multiple perspectives, self-directed learning, and meaningful learning.
- Interactive, collaborative, integrative, inquiry-based, and transdisciplinary teaching are also discussed. Effective constructivist teachers employ a variety of methods to actively engage learners in the knowledge construction process.
This document provides guidance on developing effective lesson plans. It discusses key components to consider, including knowing your students, the content, and available materials and equipment. Lesson plans should have clear objectives, outline the procedure and activities, and include assessments tied to the objectives. The document also presents several common lesson plan models, such as Gagne's nine events of instruction and the 5E model. Readers are encouraged to design lesson plans that incorporate useful instructional strategies and techniques.
This document discusses alternative teaching strategies including brainstorming, demonstration, class discussion, class debate, and presentation. Brainstorming generates discussion about puzzling issues and encourages creative thinking. Demonstration allows teachers to model skills and behaviors. Class discussion improves critical thinking and engagement. Class debate consists of speeches by opposing teams on pre-assigned topics. Presentation involves teachers clarifying lesson aims, using advanced organizers, presenting new information, and concluding.
The document describes several alternative teaching strategies:
1. Brainstorming, where students share ideas to solve a problem or dilemma.
2. Discussion, which allows students to exchange ideas through whole-class, small group, or panel formats.
3. Demonstration, where the teacher models a process for students.
The document provides guidelines for implementing each strategy effectively in the classroom.
Instructional materials have evolved over time to include important features such as being well organized with accurate and up-to-date information presented without biases. They also include real-world applications of skills. Specialized formats are available through organizations like NASTA that provide Braille, audio, digital text and large print materials. A teacher's manual contains instructional resources and activities to support instructional strategies, with its organization affecting how well it can be adapted for classroom use. Key features of effective teacher manuals and student materials include practicality, alignment to content, total coverage of lessons, readability, information on learning methods, ways to assess learning, support for planning and management, and ways to build teacher confidence.
The document discusses why modern Christianity has declined in confidence in God during times of suffering. It suggests that instead of truly honoring God, Christians try to manage God into something comfortable and understand problems more than finding Christ in them. It warns that God will act like a lion against those who turn to other things instead of earnestly seeking Him during times of testing.
Educational technology is a systematic approach to designing, implementing, and evaluating the total learning process through the use of technological resources to improve learning outcomes. It draws on research about human learning and effective teaching methods. Over time, technology used in classrooms has evolved from cave drawings and chalkboards to current tools like interactive whiteboards, educational videos on YouTube, and mobile apps for teaching and learning anywhere.
This document discusses instructional objectives and different frameworks for writing them. It begins by explaining that teachers must be guided by instructional objectives to start teaching. It then describes Mager's format, which suggests objectives must be observable and measurable. It provides examples of precise versus imprecise verbs to use. The document also discusses Bloom's Taxonomy, which classifies objectives into cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains to help systematically write objectives at different levels of complexity. Criticisms of Bloom's Taxonomy are noted at the end.
The document discusses a curriculum and instruction meeting that covered the Harmony Instructional Framework (HIF) implementation, curriculum pacing, grading practices, and lesson planning. The HIF is based on Madeline Hunter and Danielson models and aims to maximize learning time through engaging lessons, guided practice, and assessment. Curriculum pacing reports are available online. Grading guidelines require minimum daily and major grades as well as participation grades. Lesson plans are tracked in Eduphoria and include teacher planning time.
The document discusses the biblical concept of faithfulness as a fruit of the Spirit. It defines faithfulness as being rooted in God's unending love, mercy, and covenant loyalty. God's faithfulness is seen in his keeping of promises, bringing triumph to sufferers, forgiving confessed sins, and helping with temptation. For humans, faithfulness means being devoted to God rather than money and keeping one's word even if it causes personal harm. The document urges measuring God's faithfulness by his promises rather than one's circumstances.
Instructional Objectives: Bloom's Revised TaxonomyDr. N. Asokan
This document outlines a presentation on instructional objectives and Bloom's revised taxonomy. The key points covered include:
1. The purpose of stating instructional objectives, including focusing teacher instruction and student learning as well as assessing student performance.
2. Bloom's original taxonomy classified educational objectives according to cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Bloom's revised taxonomy updated this to include two dimensions - a knowledge dimension and a cognitive process dimension.
3. The knowledge dimension includes factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge. The cognitive process dimension covers remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create cognitive processes.
The document discusses the interactive whiteboard (IWB), a technology tool used in some classrooms. It provides claims from research about the benefits of IWBs, such as enhancing learning through visuals and sustaining student focus. However, it notes that some studies have problems and more research is needed on long-term student learning impacts. Effective use of IWBs depends more on the teacher's pedagogical approach than the technology alone. Teachers need training to fully realize the technology's benefits.
- Organisms are not equally distributed across classification categories; archaea and bacteria make up most of Earth's biomass despite their invisibility.
- While we often think of plants and animals as life on Earth's surface, archaea and bacteria also commonly live deep within the Earth's crust.
- The passage provides examples of organisms like worms, insects, corals, and sponges that are classified as animals but may surprise readers with their inclusion in the animal kingdom.
This document discusses the fruits of the spirit "joy" and "peace" from Galatians 5:22-23. It defines joy as great happiness or pleasure, especially of a spiritual kind, and peace as freedom from anxiety and mental calm. For Christians, joy and peace come from their relationship with Christ, not from avoiding suffering or material things. Having Christ imparted a measure of joy and peace within adversity. The document provides examples from scripture of Christians experiencing joy even while facing persecution.
Group 2 systematic approach to teachingMaria Theresa
A plan that emphasizes the parts may pay the cost of failing to consider the whole and a plan that emphasizes the whole must pay the cost of failing to get down to the real depth with respect to the parts-- C. West Churchman
A training of research based and clinically proven partner techniques to teach functional augmentative and alternative communication to non-verbal or low-verbal individuals.
The document discusses what instructional objectives are, how they are written using the three parts of conditions, performance, and criteria, and why they are important for focusing learning, choosing instructional strategies, and developing assessments. Instructional objectives specify the skills students will be able to demonstrate after instruction and are written from the student's perspective using measurable verbs to clearly define what a learner must do to show mastery of a topic.
The document outlines a systematic approach to teaching that views the entire educational program as an interrelated system. It involves defining objectives based on student needs, choosing appropriate methods and experiences to meet the objectives, assigning roles, implementing the instruction, evaluating outcomes, and refining the process. The approach aims to integrate traditional and new instructional methods and tools like computers into a harmonious whole for an orchestrated learning pattern.
Educ. 4 principles of teaching mara ico reportMara Ico
This document discusses principles of effective teaching and learning. It begins by defining principles and explaining that principles guide a teacher's conduct and behavior. It then discusses various teaching styles, approaches, and methods. Some key points made are that teaching is both an art and a science, and there are authoritarian, permissive, and democratic teaching styles. It also discusses concept teaching, constructivist teaching, and other approaches. The document also covers learning domains, learning styles, and principles of learning such as how prior knowledge and motivation impact learning. Overall, the document provides an overview of foundational principles and concepts related to effective teaching and learning.
Modular teaching involves breaking course content into discrete, self-contained units called modules. Modules cover a single or group of related learning objectives and include varied learning activities, self-assessment, and an evaluation component. Modules allow students to learn at their own pace and receive immediate feedback. Some key advantages include flexibility, self-paced learning, and assessing mastery of individual objectives rather than overall grades. While effective for many students, modular teaching requires appropriate resources and may not be suitable for all learners.
This document discusses educational technology and systematic instructional design. It defines technology as a planned, systematic method for achieving outcomes, not a product. A systematic approach views the entire educational program as an interconnected system. The focus of systematic instructional planning is the student. The process involves defining objectives, selecting teaching methods and learning experiences, implementing instruction, and evaluating outcomes to refine the process and ensure objectives are met. The purpose is to organize instructional resources to achieve educational goals.
Brainstorming, case studies, debates, and discussion are active learning strategies that encourage student participation and engagement. Brainstorming involves freely generating ideas about a topic without criticism. Case studies present real-world scenarios for students to analyze. Debates structure the exploration of issues with opposing viewpoints. Discussions allow students to work with concepts through questioning and sharing opinions. These strategies develop students' critical thinking, problem solving, and communication skills.
1. The document discusses cooperative learning, which is a teaching method where students work in small groups to prepare and present topics to the whole class, with an emphasis on student choice, division of labor, and presentation methods.
2. Cooperative learning has six key characteristics: students work in small groups of 2-5 on a learning activity; they must work cooperatively to accomplish tasks; members are interdependent and accountable for their own work; and the teacher introduces the activity and monitors the groups.
3. The document provides five examples of cooperative learning activities and strategies, including interviewing partners, roundtable discussions, assigning group roles, comparing favorite artists, and peer questioning after a lecture.
Group discussions are an important teaching approach that support student-centered learning. To make group discussions effective, teachers should carefully decide on topics, set structured tasks, and form diverse groups of 3-4 students. Teachers should also establish ground rules, provide discussion skill exercises, and support discussions by listening in and addressing any problems that emerge. Moving between small group and whole class discussions helps students feel valued and deepens understanding of different viewpoints.
The document discusses various collaborative learning activities and higher order thinking skills (HOTS) activities that can be used in the classroom. It provides descriptions and step-by-step instructions for implementing different group activities like round robin, numbered heads together, pairs check, three step interview, and think pair share. These activities encourage cooperation among students and hold individuals accountable for contributing to the group. The document also briefly defines creative learning and HOTS, noting that they develop skills like problem solving, creativity, and building knowledge through creative instructional techniques rather than memorization.
The document describes the Think Pair Share (TPS) teaching strategy. TPS involves 3 steps: students first think independently about a topic or question, then pair with a partner to discuss their ideas, and finally share their ideas with the larger group. The document provides guidance for implementing TPS in the classroom, including explaining the process to students, modeling it, monitoring pairs, and concluding with a full class discussion. TPS is presented as a collaborative strategy that actively engages all students.
This document provides strategies for teaching numeracy and mathematics. It outlines several objectives, including comprehending the purpose of math education, following the teaching cycle, demonstrating models for planning instruction, and adapting new strategies. The teaching cycle involves identifying objectives, planning instruction, implementing the plan, checking for understanding, and assessing learning. Two common models for lesson planning are also described: ADIDAS and 5E's. Several instructional strategies are explained, including game-based learning, collaboration techniques, and Bansho, a Japanese method focusing on problem-solving.
This is part of my working Strategies Notebook. Hardcopy papers from outside resources are printed or collected and then placed in the appropriate section for later reference.
This document discusses collaborative teaching and learning strategies that are useful for teaching science. It begins by outlining features of collaborative learning such as intentional design, co-laboring, and meaningful learning. It then describes different types of collaborative groups and methods for assigning group membership, including random selection, student selection, and instructor determined groups. The document proceeds to describe six specific collaborative teaching strategies: Give One-Get One, Say Something, Note-Taking Pairs, Structured Problem Solving, and Group Investigation. Each strategy is explained in detail outlining the procedure and steps involved.
The document provides descriptions and outcomes of various discussion techniques that can be used to start lessons with talk. Some key techniques described include think-pair-share, which allows students to think individually and then discuss in pairs before sharing with the class, and jigsawing, where students are assigned aspects of a topic to research and then return to their groups to teach their expertise. Starting lessons with talk engages students, allows settling time, and taps into higher-order thinking from the beginning of class.
This document outlines several teaching strategies that use questioning techniques to engage students and improve their communication skills. Some of the strategies described include using puzzles to start class discussions, dividing the class into groups to debate topics, having students write questions on a "question wall", pulling random questions from a container for students to answer, turning lessons into raps, and having students take turns asking each other questions about assigned readings. The goal of these strategies is to encourage participation from all students and help them develop questioning, critical thinking, and oral communication abilities.
Cooperative learning and some kagan structuresHushamAlezzi1
This document discusses cooperative learning and Kagan structures. It begins by outlining the objectives of introducing Kagan structures to broaden teaching methods and improve student engagement. It then defines cooperative learning as students working in small teams to complete tasks and help each other learn. The document contrasts traditional and group work strategies with Kagan's approach, which ensures equal participation. It provides descriptions and examples of 16 specific Kagan structures to actively engage all students, such as Numbers Heads Together, Round Robin, and Jigsaw. The goal is to improve academic achievement, social skills, and thinking through cooperative learning.
This slide is part of MOOC - Mini open online Course for educators interested in applying Scientific Dilemmas in the classroom. URL: http://engage.exactls.comUk2015a engage discussion
Introduction
Objectives
Classroom Discussion
Planning the Discussion
Organizing the Discussion
Practicing in Asking Questions
Practicing in Answering Questions
Assessing the Discussion
Rules for Discussion
Advantages and Disadvantages of Discussion Method
Guidelines for Maximum Utilization
Exercise
Self Assessment Questions
References-
The document discusses George Polya's four-step process for mathematical problem solving - understanding the problem, devising a plan, implementing the plan, and reflecting on the solution. It provides examples of strategies teachers can use to help students with each step, such as paraphrasing problems, estimating solutions, using logical reasoning and Venn diagrams, and discussing different problem-solving approaches.
This document provides an overview of the jigsaw technique for active learning in undergraduate geoscience courses. It discusses how jigsaws work by dividing a class into expert groups to prepare different parts of an overall topic, then recombine students into new groups for peer teaching. The presenter emphasizes key elements for a successful jigsaw like ensuring assignments are doable, students are prepared, and there is a unifying group task. Examples provided include interpreting stratigraphic data to understand past climate change in the Sahara and classifying rock samples. Strategies are offered for implementing jigsaws with readings, fieldwork, calculations and more. Questions from participants are addressed and additional online resources on jigsaws are shared.
This document discusses cooperative learning, an instructional method where students work in groups to help each other master material presented by the teacher. There are two main types - formal, lasting one class period to weeks, and informal, lasting minutes to one class period. Effective cooperative learning utilizes principles like positive interdependence and individual accountability. Several specific cooperative learning strategies are described, including Think-Pair-Share, Three-Step Interview, Jigsaw Technique, and Three-Minute Review. Cooperative learning has been shown to increase self-confidence, communication skills, and critical thinking when implemented properly in the classroom.
The document discusses workshops and role-playing as teaching methods. It defines a workshop as a meeting of experts to solve work-related problems. Role-playing allows learners to enact scenarios to develop understanding and elicit emotional responses. The document outlines the stages of workshops and roles of organizers, experts, and participants. It also describes the roles of directors, players and audiences in role-plays and provides advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
The document describes the Metacognitive Model of Strategic Learning proposed by Chamot in 1999. The model organizes learning strategies to help students and teachers. It consists of four metacognitive processes - monitoring, problem solving, planning, and evaluating. Various strategies are described for each process, such as setting goals and self-management for planning, taking notes and talking through tasks for monitoring, using resources to solve problems, and checking goals and evaluating strategies for evaluation. Teachers are encouraged to explicitly teach these strategies to help students develop conscious control over their learning.
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3. The teacher puts together a list of concept/ terms that students should know. Each
term is written onto a small piece of paper. The class is divided into pairs of
students. The teacher draws a slip and hands it to one of the student.
• The student reads the word on the slip. If the word seems too
difficult, the student can say 'pass' and simply hand the word to the
next group.
• If the student accepts the word, he or she states to the partner a
synonym of the word or another term that is logically related.
(Note: The student may utter only a single one-word clue!)
• The partner then uses the clue to guess what the original term on
the slip of paper might be.
• If the partner correctly guesses the term, the pair earns a point. If
the partner incorrectly guesses the term, the next pair in line is
given the word (and starts steps 1-4 over again).
• The game ends when all of the terms have given out. The team that
has collected the most points at the close of the game wins.
03/12/15
5. 1. Define teaching strategies;
Objectives
2. Explain the significance of
teaching strategies in the
conduct of a lesson;3. Identify the different
teaching strategies and
discuss the significance of
each one in instruction;4. Discuss the guidelines and
syntax for employing each
6. What are teaching strategies?
- techniques, processes, and
procedures used in
presenting content to
students.
- an elaborate and systematic
plan of action designed for
teaching-learning process.- a series of steps used by
teachers that could be used
in any of segments of a unit
of study – introduction,
8. What are the significance of
teaching strategies?
Instructional strategies can:
• motivate students and help
them focus attention
• organize information for
understanding and
remembering
Instructional strategies are
techniques teachers use to help
students become independent,
strategic learners.
9. What are the different alternative
teaching strategies?
•
Brainstor
ming
•Discussio
n
•Demonstr
• Mock
Trial
•Role
Playing
•Simulati
10. Alternative teaching strategiesAlternative teaching strategies
1. brainstorming
- strategy is used when there
is an issue that has to be
clarified or a problem that
needs a solution.- this is a group
problem
-solving
technique in
which
11. Brainstorming is a learning
activity in which all members of
a class are given the
opportunity to talk and share
ideas.
12. Guidelines in Conducting
BRAINSTORMING SESSIONS
(Rita Dunn and Kenneth
Dunn, 1992)
03/12/15
1. Provide the class/group with a dilemma, problem,
or situation, and ask members to suggest possible
solutions.
2. Tell the students to share their ideas as soon as
they think of them.
3. Tell students to give answers relevant only to the
dilemma, problem, or situation introduced by
teachers.
13. Guidelines in Conducting
BRAINSTORMING SESSIONS
(Rita Dunn and Kenneth
Dunn, 1992)
03/12/15
4. Accept all ideas shared by the class or group
members.
5. Write all the answers on the board.
14. Alternative teaching strategiesAlternative teaching strategies
2. discussion
- in this strategy students
exchange and share ideas
about the lesson or about
the assigned task.- this is a group
problem
-solving
technique in
which
15. • Discussion can enhance
student knowledge and
understanding, highlight
opposing viewpoints, build
community and confidence.
• Meaningful discussion
requires an environment
where students are enabled
to safely engage, freely
offering opinions, thoughts,
16. 03/12/15
Borich (2004) suggests three ways of
conducting class discussion:
•whole-class
discussion
•small-class discussion
•panel discussion
18. small-class discussion
- the class is divided into
small groups composing of
five to eight students.- it provides
teachers
opportuniti
es to note
student’s
behavior,
attitudes,
19. Guidelines for Holding a
WHOLE-CLASS or SMALL-CLASS DISCUSSION
(Paul Burden and David Byrd, 2003)
1. Consider the goals of the discussion.
03/12/15
2. Consider the experience and development of the
students
3. Study the issues
4. Provide a supportive classroom environment.
20. Guidelines for Holding a
WHOLE-CLASS or SMALL-CLASS DISCUSSION
(Paul Burden and David Byrd, 2003)
5. Provide new and more accurate information when
necessary
03/12/15
6. Review, summarize, or weave opinions and facts
into a meaningful relationships.
7. Use humor.
21. panel discussion
- a panel is
usually
composed
of five to
eight
students
who are
tasked to
prepare and
22. Guidelines in Holding a
PANEL DISCUSSION
(John U. Michaelis, 1975)
1. Panels members sit in front facing the class.
03/12/15
2. The teacher presents the topic for discussion.
3. Panel members present their part of discussion.
4. Members of the class note questions to raise.
5. Panel members answer the questions.
6. The teacher makes a summary.
23. Alternative teaching strategiesAlternative teaching strategies
3. demonstration
- This strategy designates a
teacher or an individual to
model the behavior of
presentation, analysis, and
synthesis
- during the
procedure, the
teacher stands
before the class
observing
something, tells
24. Demonstration is an effective
way of helping the students
understand a given content,
learn how to perform a process
at the same time, and illustrate
how to do something in a step
by step manner.
25. Demonstratio
n is showing
and explaining
how
something
works by
examples and
visual
presentations
with evidence,
facts and
26. Guidelines in Conducting
DEMONSTRATION
(Klein, 1995)
03/12/15
1. Gain attention by stating purpose of the
demonstration and inform the class of the likely
results observing it.
2. Relate the demonstration to existing knowledge
or to the unit under study, to help pupils see the
value of attending to the demonstration.
3. Carry out the demonstration in a series of steps.
Involve the students if their participation will
clarify understanding.
27. Guidelines in Conducting
DEMONSTRATION
(Klein, 1995)
03/12/15
4. To demonstrate a series of steps, use visual such
as charts, diagrams, photographs, or the board.
5. Ask questions.
6. Encourage summaries.
7. Provide follow up and application.
29. 1. These systematic
plan of action can
make the teaching-
learning process more
meaningful and
effective in unfolding a
unit of study.
2. It is the first
guideline in
conducting a whole-
30. 4. It is a part of a
whole-class
discussion where the
teacher helps bring
3. This strategy is used
when there is a
problem that calls for a
solution and where
students feel free to
contribute their ideas.
31. 5. This strategy
designates the teacher
or an individual to
model the behavior of
a presentation and
stands before the class
observing it.
33. Familiar debate is a formal
approach in which oral
presentation are made by
two opposing teams. It is
34. Syntax for
FAMILIAR DEBATE
(Richard Kellough, 2003)
a. Choose an issue
03/12/15
b. Organize the issue
c. Prepare the issue for debate
d. Present the debate
e. Guiding, Reviewing, and Analyzing
e. Closure
37. 03/12/15
Armstrong (1980) pointed out that each
member of the group has specific
responsibilities to perform such as:
• three students are assigned to take a
pro position
• three students are assigned to take a
con position
• one student is assigned to be a
skeptical critic
38. Syntax for
CLASS DEBATE
(David Armstrong, 1980)
a. Each member of the “pro” team and the “con” team
speaks for two minutes. The “pro” and “con”
speakers speaks alternately. (12mins.)
03/12/15
b. Each member of the “pro” team can cross examine
any member of the “con” team for two minutes
Each member of the “con” team can cross examine
any member of he “pro” team. (12mins.)
39. Syntax for
CLASS DEBATE
(David Armstrong, 1980)
c. Each member of the “pro” team and the “con” team
can make final statements lasting no longer than
one minute each. (6mins.)
03/12/15
d. The skeptical critic asks difficult probing questions
for both “pro” team and “con” team members. The
skeptical critic’s function is to find faults with
arguments of both “pro” team and “con” team
members. (8mins)
40. Syntax for
CLASS DEBATE
(David Armstrong, 1980)
e. Class votes to determine winner. (2mins.)
03/12/15
f. Teacher debriefs winner
g. Teacher debriefs entire debate team and class.
41. Alternative teaching strategiesAlternative teaching strategies
6. Mock Trial
- this strategy
helps students
develop
concepts of
justice, learn
key aspects of
curriculum
42. In the conduct of a mock
trial, students need to know
the roles of judges,
attorneys, and witnesses as
well as classroom
procedures and rules of
conduct (Michaelis,1980).
44. Syntax for MOCK TRIAL
(John U. Michaelis, 1980)
a. Plaintiff files complaints
03/12/15
b. Defendant files answers
c. Pretrial is conducted where the parties try to reach
a compromise.
d. If no compromise is reached, the plaintiff
presents evidence (witness).
e. Defendant cross examines plaintiff’s witness.
45. Syntax for MOCK TRIAL
(John U. Michaelis, 1980)
03/12/15
f. Defendant presents his own witnesses and
plaintiff cross examines.
g. Judge renders judgement/decisions.
46. Alternative teaching strategiesAlternative teaching strategies
7. Role Playing
- the essence of
role playing is
the involvement
of participants
and observers in
real problem
situation, and
47. • The essence of a role-playing
game is that it is a group,
cooperative experience.
03/12/15
49. Syntax for ROLE PLAYING
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase I: Warm up the group
03/12/15
1. Identify or introduce a
problem.2. Make problem explicit
3. Interpret problem story; explore
issues.4. Explain role playing.
50. Syntax for ROLE PLAYING
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase II: Select participants
03/12/15
1. Analyze roles.
2. Select role players.
Phase III: Set the stage.
1. Set line of action
2. Restate roles
3. Get inside problem situation.
51. Syntax for ROLE PLAYING
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase IV: Prepare the observers
03/12/15
1. Decide what to look for
2. Assign observation tasks
Phase V: Enact.
1. Begin role playing
2. Maintain role playing
3. Break role playing
52. Syntax for ROLE PLAYING
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase VI: Discuss and evaluate
03/12/15
1. Review action of role play
(events, positions, realism )
2. Discuss major focus
3. Develop next enactment
53. Syntax for ROLE PLAYING
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
03/12/15
Phase VII: Share experiences and generalize.
1. Relate problem situation to
real experiences and current
problems.2. Explain general principles of
behavior
55. Simulating is an act of
imitating the behaviour of
some situation. Students
provide a representation of
some phenomenon, event or
issue that actually exists or
existed in the real world.
56. Syntax for SIMULATION
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase I: Orientation
03/12/15
1. Present the broad topic of the
simulation and the concepts to
be incorporated into the
simulation activity at hand.2. Explain simulation and
gaming
3. Give an overview of the
simulation
57. Syntax for SIMULATION
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase II: Participant Training
03/12/15
1. Set up scenario (rules, roles,
procedures, scoring, types of decisions
to be made, goals).
2. Assign roles
3. Hold abbreviated practice
session.
58. Syntax for SIMULATION
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase III: Simulation Operations
03/12/15
1. Conduct activity
2. Give feedback and evaluation
(of performance and effects of
decisions).
3. Clarify misconceptions.
4. Continue simulations.
59. Syntax for SIMULATION
(Fannie R. Shaftel and
George Shaftel, 1967)
Phase IV: Participating Debriefing
03/12/15
1. Summarize events and
perceptions2. Summarize difficulties and
insights3. Analyze process
4. Compare simulation activity to
the real world
Any or all of the following
activities:
5. Relate simulation activity to
course content
6. Appraise and redesign the
60. Alternative teaching strategiesAlternative teaching strategies
9. Lecture
- It is a well-
prepared oral
presentation of
a lesson by a
teacher. This
strategy is
designed to
help learners
61. Lectures are
usually given
by teachers
when
introducing a
topic, defining
an issue,
presenting a
problem,
explaining a
62. Syntax for LECTURE
(Mary Alice Gunter, Thomas Estes,
and Jan Schwab, 2003)
03/12/15
1. Present the main points to be covered.
2. Select an organizer
3. Use examples to illustrate each points.
4. Use repetition to reinforce the main points
5. Summarize the points and refer back to the
organizer.