1. The document discusses air pollution and defines it as the presence of unwanted particles and gases in the air that can adversely affect humans, animals, plants, and structures.
2. It describes the composition of air and structure of the atmosphere, which is divided into different layers including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
3. The major sources of air pollution are discussed as natural sources like volcanic eruptions and man-made sources such as automobile exhaust, industries, and agricultural activities. Common air pollutants like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons are described along with their sources and effects on
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
Causes, Effects & Solutions to Air PollutionLiang Ying Ee
The following includes the subtopic covered in this presentation slides:
1) Basics of Air Pollution
2) Facts & Statistics
3) Indoor Air Pollution
4) Air Purification Methods
5) Commercial Products in Market
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
Effects of Air Pollution on human beings, plants and animals and Properties. Global
effects-Green house effect, Ozone depletion, heat island, dust storms, Automobile pollution sources and control, Photochemical smog, Future engines and fuels
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
Causes, Effects & Solutions to Air PollutionLiang Ying Ee
The following includes the subtopic covered in this presentation slides:
1) Basics of Air Pollution
2) Facts & Statistics
3) Indoor Air Pollution
4) Air Purification Methods
5) Commercial Products in Market
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
Effects of Air Pollution on human beings, plants and animals and Properties. Global
effects-Green house effect, Ozone depletion, heat island, dust storms, Automobile pollution sources and control, Photochemical smog, Future engines and fuels
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
This ppt contains the information about environmental noise pollution. ppt contains information related to noise pollution, sources of noise pollution, their types, different noise levels, effects of noise pollution on animals as well as on humans and also contains the tips for prevention of noise pollution.
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED) AMIR HASSAN
Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
This ppt contains the information about environmental noise pollution. ppt contains information related to noise pollution, sources of noise pollution, their types, different noise levels, effects of noise pollution on animals as well as on humans and also contains the tips for prevention of noise pollution.
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED) AMIR HASSAN
Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
Es air pollutions
1. Air Pollutions
2. Presentation outline • Introduction • Structure of Atmosphere • Definition of Air Pollution • Source of Air Pollution • Classification of Air Pollution • Effect of Air Pollution • Control of Air Pollution
The microprocessor based automatic, advance, electronic and latest designed COD Analyzers are used for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand. The Laboratory COD analyzer acts as water analyzer for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand in both polluted and normal water. Weiber water analyzer works as high quality analysis tool for determination of inorganic pollution, waste water, sewage and Plant Effluent Treatment. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/gaktwZ
about air pollution , definition, types . effects and measures to be taken
environmental & occupational health course, master of community medicine university of Khartoum , batch 2
We depend on air for our respiratory needs. So, air pollution causes injury to all living organisms. In case of plants, the growth and yield of crops are reduced and cause premature death. In animals including man, serious metabolic and respiratory diseases are manifested due to air pollution. Air pollution is also called as atmospheric pollution. The atmosphere is an invisible layer of gases that surround the earth.
he atmosphere extends from the surface of earth upto 650 killometers. The lower most layer of atmosphere is known as troposphere which extends upto 8-10 km near the poles and 18-20 km near equator. Air pollution is largely confined to the lower atmosphere i.e. troposphere.
Air Pollution-
Sources of Air Pollutants,
Classification of Air Pollutants,
Effect of Air Pollutants,
Photo-chemical Smog,
Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming
The Ozone Layer: Formation and Depletion
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
2. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is defined as the presence of unwanted and undesirable foreign
particles and gases in the air which ay have adverse effects on human beings,
animals,plants,vegetations and important structures.
POLLUTANT
Any substance present in the environment in harmful concentration which adversely
alters the environment by damaging the growth rate of a species and by interfering
with the food chains is toxic and affects the health, comfort and property etc. is
considered as a pollutant.
4. ATMOSPHERE AND ITS STRUCTURE
Atmosphere:- The gaseous layer surrounding the
earth is known as atmosphere.
The atmosphere is the life supporting mantle,
surrounding the earth.
The atmosphere surrounds the earth up to 700 km,
atmosphere is subdivided as
5. Troposphere:- ( 0 To 12 Km) Contains 75 % of the gases in the atmosphere. This is
where we live and weather occurs.
Stratosphere:- (12 – 50 Km) this layer contains ozone layer. Ozone acts as a shield for
the earth’s surface. It absorbs ultraviolet radiations from the sun. This causes temperature
increase in the upper part of the layer.
Mesosphere:- ( 50 to 80 Km) This is the coldest region of the atmosphere. This layer
protects the earth from meteoroid. They burn up in this area.
6. Thermosphere:- ( 80 Km and above) The air is very thin in this region. Thermosphere
means “Heat Sphere”. The temperature is very high in this region
This layer contains:-
(a) Ionosphere:-This is the lower part of the thermosphere. It extends from 80 Km –
550 Km. This layer generally helps in radio communication.
(b) Exosphere:- The upper part of the thermosphere. It extends from 550 km and above.
Air is very thin here this is the area where satellite orbits the earth.
8. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS
* Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India notification,1994
** Particle size less than 10 µm
9. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Air pollutants
Based on Origin
Based on states of
matter
Based on presence in
environment
Particulate
air pollutants
Gaseous air
pollutants
Secondary
air
pollutants
Primary air
pollutants
Indoor air
pollutants
Outdoor air
pollutants
10. ACCORDING TO ORIGIN
(a) Primary Pollutants
(b) Secondary Pollutants
PRIMARY POLLUTANTS:- Primary pollutants are those which are directly emitted
from identifiable source
These pollutants are emitted directly to the atmosphere.
e.g.
(a) Particulate matter
(b) Oxides of Sulphur
(c) Oxides of Nitrogen
(d) Carbon Monoxide
(e) Radioactive Compounds
11. SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANTS:- Secondary air pollutants are those which
are produced in the air by the reaction of two or more primary pollutants.
e.g.
Ozone
Formaldehyde
Photochemical smog
Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN)
12. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
STATES OF MATTER
1. Gaseous air pollutants
2. Particulate air pollutants
GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
Gaseous air pollutants are those air pollutants which are found in the gaseous state at
normal temperature and pressure in the atmosphere.
The most common gaseous air pollutants are:
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Sulpher oxides
Hydrocarbons etc.
13. PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS
These may be liquid or solid. The particulate matter are identified as aggregates which are
larger than 0.002 µ but smaller than 500 µ
Dust (1 To 10,000 µ) : Small solid particles resulting from break up of large masses through
processes such as crushing, grinding or blasting.
Smoke ( 0.5 To 1 µ) Consist of finely divided solid particles produced by incomplete
combustion of organic particles such as coal, wood, or tobacco.
Mist ( 0.1 To 10 µm) :- These are liquid particles formed by condensation of vapor.
Fog (1 to 40 µ ):- High concentration of mist is called as fog. It is dispersion of liquid
particles in air.
Fumes ( 0.03 to 0.3 µ ):- Fine solid particles formed by the condensation of vapors of solid
material. The fumes are generally emit from melting operations.
Ash ( 1 to 1000 µ ):- fine, noncombustible particles are known as fly ash.
Spray (10 to 1000 µ):- Liquid particles formed by automation.
14. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PRESENCE IN ENVIRONMENT
1. Indoor air pollutants
2. Outdoor air pollutants
INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS
The air pollutants which are generated from households are called indoor air
pollutants.
Cleaning agents
Mosquito repellents
Pesticides
Cigarette smoke
Gases from stoves etc.
15. Outdoor air pollutants
The air pollutants which are generated outside the buildings are called outdoor air
pollutants.
Automobile pollutants
Industrial pollutants
Mining pollutants
Natural emissions from decaying matter and animals etc.
16. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
The sources of air pollution may be classified into two groups:
1. Natural sources
2. Man made sources
NATURAL SOURCES
The following are the different forms of natural sources:
Atmospheric reactions
Volcanic eruptions
Forest fires
Dust storms, electric storms
Salt spray form oceans
Microorganisms
Radioactive substances
17. Man made sources
Combustion of fuel
Automobile exhaust
Industries
Thermal and nuclear power plants
Agricultural activities
Construction materials
System of sanitation
Mining
Nuclear explosions
Air crafts
Waste water treatment plants
18. MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS –
SOURCES AND EFFECTS
OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Oxides of Nitrogen Include 4 gaseous compound:- Nitric oxide ( NO),
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Nitrous Oxide (N) Nitrogen penta oxide (N2O5)
In air pollution, Nitric oxide (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide are of prime concern. The
sources of this pollutants are Industrial Processes, automobile exhausts.
19. HYDROCARBON
Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen are classified as
Hydrocarbons.
They are of 2 types.
(a) Aliphatic hydrocarbon
(b) Aromatic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon present in the atmosphere in the atmosphere from both natural and
man made sources.
The major sources of hydrocarbon is burning of gasoline and industrial processes.
20. EFFECTS OF SOME COMMON
AIR POLLUTANTS
Particulate Matter:-
EFFECTS ON HUMAN:-
The pollutants of size less than 1 µ causes lung damage
Asbestos fibers causes cancer
Lead from automobile exhaust affects brain
It causes several respiratory diseases
Silica , arsenic, dust causes cancer
22. EFFECTS ON PLANTS:-
Deposition of particulate matter containing toxic metals affects the growth of plants
The particulate matter after deposition on plant leaves block stomata opening of plants
and reduce plant growth.
The particulate matter with acid rain, reduces pH of the soil which makes the infertile.
23. EFFECT ON MATERIAL:
The particulate matter causes damage to building
The corrosion is enhanced
It causes cracks and fading of pointed surface
Particulates accumulate on the soil and reduces fertility of soil.
24. CARBON MONOXIDE
EFFECTS ON HUMANS:-
The high concentration of co can cause death
The combination of co and hemoglobin leads to the formation of
carboxylhaemoglobin (cohb) reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
At concentration of 100 ppm people experience dizziness and headache.
The cigarette smoke contains 400 to 450 ppm co the percentage of cohb in blood
of cigarette smokers increases with increase in smoking.
At concentration of 750 ppm of co it will cause death.
25. EFFECTS ON PLANTS:-
CO reduces nitrogen fixing capacity of bacteria. Which affects the plant
growth.
High concentration of causes leaf drops, reduces the size of leaf and
ageing.
EFFECTS ON MATERIALS:-
Carbon monoxide appears to have no detrimental effect on materials.
26. OXIDES OF SULPHUR
EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH:-
It causes irritation of eyes and respiratory tracts.
Increase in SO2 concentration in the atmosphere, may lead to lung cancer
SO2 may obstruct breathing
SO2 leads to the formation of H2 SO4 which is 20 times more irritant than SO2
EFFECTS ON PLANTS:-
The low concentration for long period may cause discoloration of leaves
SO2 affects the growth of plants
At high concentration the leaf tissues gets damaged.
H2SO4 is extremely toxic to plants and soil fertility.
27. EFFECTS ON MATERIALS:-
The sulphuric acid will attack building materials containing carbonates. This will
form CaSO4 the CaSO4 gets easily washed away leaving discolored surface
Paper absorb SO2 causing the paper to become brittle
Leather looses the strength and flexibility.
28. OXIDES OF NITROGEN
Effects on Human Health:- Nitric Oxide reduces the Oxygen carrying
capacity of blood.
Nitrogen dioxide causes irritation of lungs
High level of NOx causes pneumonia, lung cancer, oxygen deficiency.
NOx causes irritation of respiratory system, nervous system and digestive tracts.
NOx is extremely dangerous to human health.
29. EFFECTS ON VEGETATION:-
NO2 and primary pollutants can damage plant tissues
High concentration of NO Causes Damage to leaves.
Secondary Pollutants such as smog, O3 may damage the vegetation
EFFECTS ON MATERIALS:-
Nitric acid causes corrosion to metal surface
NO2 fades the color of clothes
NO2 causes cracking of rubber
30. HYDROCARBON
EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH:-
Aromatic hydrocarbon may lead to cancer
Inhalation of hydrocarbon causes irritation of respiratory tract.
Methane creates narcotic effects on human beings
Most of the hydrocarbon are carcinogenic to lungs
EFFECTS ON VEGETATION:-
HC affects plant growth
Discoloration of leaves
EFFECTS ON MATERIALS:-
It causes discoloration of materials
Material becomes less elastic and more brittle.