Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
Unit 3 control of particulate contaminantsChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Control of Particulate Contaminants. It is very useful for students studiying Air Pollution and Control Engineering either as an Open elective or Professional elective.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
Unit 3 control of particulate contaminantsChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Control of Particulate Contaminants. It is very useful for students studiying Air Pollution and Control Engineering either as an Open elective or Professional elective.
This is the fourth slideshow in a series for Unit 4 VCE Environmental Science. It discusses the factors contributing to air pollution, the sources and sinks and the human and environmental health effects.
Air Quality Sampling and Monitoring: Stack sampling, instrumentation and methods of analysis of SO2, CO etc, legislation for control of air pollution and automobile
pollution
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution Control Methods and Equipments by AmitabhAmitabh Gupta
This ppt shows Control methods of Air Pollution at Source level, reduction of air pollution at the individual level and innovation to control air pollution worldwide.
Lab manual for Air Pollution Sampling and Analysis.
This laboratory manual is useful to environmental engineers, scientists, undergraduate and graduate students, chemists and environmental field engineers. The manual has been prepared as per the US EPA and IS standards
Air Pollution-
Sources of Air Pollutants,
Classification of Air Pollutants,
Effect of Air Pollutants,
Photo-chemical Smog,
Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming
The Ozone Layer: Formation and Depletion
This is the fourth slideshow in a series for Unit 4 VCE Environmental Science. It discusses the factors contributing to air pollution, the sources and sinks and the human and environmental health effects.
Air Quality Sampling and Monitoring: Stack sampling, instrumentation and methods of analysis of SO2, CO etc, legislation for control of air pollution and automobile
pollution
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution Control Methods and Equipments by AmitabhAmitabh Gupta
This ppt shows Control methods of Air Pollution at Source level, reduction of air pollution at the individual level and innovation to control air pollution worldwide.
Lab manual for Air Pollution Sampling and Analysis.
This laboratory manual is useful to environmental engineers, scientists, undergraduate and graduate students, chemists and environmental field engineers. The manual has been prepared as per the US EPA and IS standards
Air Pollution-
Sources of Air Pollutants,
Classification of Air Pollutants,
Effect of Air Pollutants,
Photo-chemical Smog,
Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming
The Ozone Layer: Formation and Depletion
It is a brief description about one of the serious problems of environment and that is Air pollution. It includes its definition, types, causes and prevention.
This presentation contains
1. types and sources of air pollutants
2. effects of air pollution
3. common devices used to control air pollution
4. pollution control acts in India
5. pollution monitoring bodies in India
Chemistry in our daily life and its importanceAMIR HASSAN
Chemistry in our daily life and its importance
A Short Introduction to Chemistry and its branches.
There are five main branches of Chemistry:
1)Organic Chemistry
2)Inorganic Chemistry
3)Analytical Chemistry
4)Physical Chemistry
5)Biochemistry
Presented By: Amir Hassan Chemistry Department, Government Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan.
Difference Between Environmental Science and Environmental ChemistryAMIR HASSAN
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
Environmental science deals with ecosystem maintenance; by using the combined knowledge of the science fields that include the area of physics, geography, astro, biology and chemistry.
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
Contamination and Pollution
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Atmosphere
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The water
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Soil and Rocks
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Trace Toxics
The Haworth Projection or, RepresentationAMIR HASSAN
The Fischer projection does not accurately describe the shape of the cyclic hemiacetal form of D – Glucose (as shown in figure A).
A formulation suggested by the English chemist W.N. Haworth in which ring are written as flat or, planar hexagons is more correct
A simple way of drawing Haworth projection is to omit the ring carbon. Thus α – D – glucose and β – D – glucose may be represented as shown;
Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine, atropine, quinine, papaverine and morphine.
• Terpenoids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-pinene, camphor and α-cadinene.
• Steroids
• Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to adrenal cortical hormones.
Detection Of Free Radical By Different Methods
1. Magnetic Susceptibility Measurement.
2. ESR ( Electron Spin Resonance) Technique.
3. Spin Trapping Technique.
4. NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) Spectra by CIDNP effect.
5. X-Ray Technique
Soil,Soil Pollution, Sources of Soil Pollution,
Effects Of Soil Pollution,
Control Of Soil Pollution,
Physically Control of Soil Pollution,
Chemically Control of Soil Pollution,
Thermally Control of Soil Pollution ,
Biologically Control of Soil Pollution
Introducation to organo metallic compund or grignard reagentAMIR HASSAN
Introducation to organo metallic compund or grignard reagent, structure, prepration, physical and chemical properties, types of chemical reaction, applications, by AMIR HASSAN FROM GPGC MARDAN, KPK, PAKISTAN.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED)
1. Particulates Matter in Atmosphere
Page | 1 SubmittedTo : Prof. Murad Sir of ChemistryDeptt GPGC-MARDAN
Introduction To Particulate Matter (PM):
1. What is Particulate Matter (PM)?
Particulate matter is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air many of which are
hazardous. This complex mixture includes both organic and inorganic particles, such as dust,
pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. These particles vary greatly in size, composition, and
origin.
Particles in air are either:
directly emitted, for instance when fuel is burnt and when dust is carried by wind, or
Indirectly formed, when gaseous pollutants previously emitted to air turn into
particulate matter.
2. Facts About Particulate Matter (PM)?
PM is one of the six EPA (Environmental polluted air) “criteria pollutants”.
PM has no fixed composition:
1) PM may consist of either only one chemical.
E.g. sulphate, sulphuric acid, lead oxide, carbon oxide.
2) PM may consist of numbers of pollutants.
E.g. organic chemicals, metals, organics compounds dust.
US reported first time in 1969 that “it’s a mixture of mixture”.
PM is among the most harmful air pollutants.
3. Why does particle size matter?
The aerodynamic properties of particles determine how they are transported in air and how they
can be removed from it. These properties also govern how far they get into the air passages of the
respiratory system. Additionally, they provide information on the chemical composition and the
sources of particles.
On the basis of the particulate matter can be classified as:
Coarse Particles (PM10 - PM2.5).
Fine Particle (PM2.5).
Ultra-Fine Particle (0.1 µm).
2. Particulates Matter in Atmosphere
Page | 2 SubmittedTo : Prof. Murad Sir of ChemistryDeptt GPGC-MARDAN
1) Coarse Particles (PM10 - PM2.5).
They are formed by the mechanical break up of larger
solid particles.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CAORSE PARTICALES :
They can be produced from roads dust, agricultural process, uncovered soil, or mining
operations, as well as non-combustible material when burning of fossil fuel occurs.
Pollen grain, mould spores, and plants insect’s parts can also contribute to coarse particle.
Finally, evaporation of sea-spray can produced large particle near coast.
Undergoes rapid sedimentation.
Bypass the body defenses in the nose and throat & enter into the lungs.
2) Fine Particle (PM2.5).
They are largely formed by the nucleation of gases in which is the
initial stage in which the gas becomes a particle. When additional gas condensates on the
particles, or through coagulation, when two or more particles combine to form a larger
particle. Particles produced by the intermediate reactions of gases in the atmosphere are also
called secondary particles.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FINE PARTICALES :
Combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and petrol can produce fine particles from the
condensation of materials vaporized during combustion.
They are emitted from power plants, industries, & automobiles.
They remain suspended in the air, and can extremely travel up to long distance with air.
They penetrate into lungs and damage the lungs tissue.
3) Ultra-Fine Particle (0.1 µm).
They are formed by the atmospheric reactions of sulphur
oxides and nitrogen oxides initially released as gases.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRA- FINE PARTICALES :
The very sensitive & toxic particles among all in the atmosphere.
They consist of primarily of inorganic ions, mostly hydrocarbon, and some metals.
They remain suspended in the air, and can extremely travel up to long distance with air.
They passed from lungs tissue and enter to the blood stream.
They circulate like oxygen molecule in the, circulatory system.
3. Particulates Matter in Atmosphere
Page | 3 SubmittedTo : Prof. Murad Sir of ChemistryDeptt GPGC-MARDAN
4. Which materials are the main components of particulate matter?
On average, the two main components of particulate matter in Europe are sulphate and
organic matter. This is true both for fine particles (PM2.5) and for coarse and fine particles
Combined (PM10).
However, near roads mineral dust is also a main component of PM10.
Soot, also referred to as black carbon, and makes up 5 to10% of fine particles and somewhat
less of coarse particles; near certain roads the proportion of soot can reach 15 to 20%.
5. Main Sources of Particulate Matter?
Natural Sources: They originate from natural sources such as:
volcanos, dust storms, forest, grassland fires, living vegetation
and sea spray.
Anthropogenic Sources: They originates from human activities such as:
The burning of fossil fuel, incinerating wastes, metal-
smelting, large power generation, wood burning,
construction/demolition, vehicles emissions, dirty roads dust.
4. Particulates Matter in Atmosphere
Page | 4 SubmittedTo : Prof. Murad Sir of ChemistryDeptt GPGC-MARDAN
Coarse particle: they are limited to upper respiratory tract of air passage way.
Fine particle: they penetrate deeper into the lungs and reach to terminal bronchioles and
alveoli. Stay here, for longer period and affect lung to lead cancer.
Ultra-fine particle: enter into blood, and travel throughout the body.
6. Types of Particulate Matter?
a) Primary Particulate:
Primary particulate matters are those which are directly emitted
from the source concerned to particulate matter, such as:
pollution from industries, automobiles, wood & coal burning, dry cleaner, volcanos
gas-stations, etc.
b) Secondary Particulate:
Secondary particulate are formed in the atmosphere as a result of
the interaction of chemicals in the environment such as:
SO2, NOX, and VOCS, with other compounds in the air.
7. Precursor of Particulate Matter?
Mobile Source: vehicles, NOX, and VOCS make the PM.
Stationary Sources: power plants, factories, SO2, NO2.
Area Sources: dry-cleaner, gas-stations, VOCS.
Natural Sources: grass-land & forest fires, volcanoes eruption.
5. Particulates Matter in Atmosphere
Page | 5 SubmittedTo : Prof. Murad Sir of ChemistryDeptt GPGC-MARDAN
8. Environmental impact of Particulate Matter?
a) IMAIRMENT OF VISIBILTY: the fine particles reduced the visibility.
b) DEAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT: particles can carried over long distance by wind and settle
on ground or water. They make lakes & streams acidic, deplete nutrients in the soils, and damage
the sensitive forest and farms crops.
c) ASTHETIC EFFECT: settling particles on statues and monuments can stain or, damage stone
and other particles in the environment.
9. Adverse Health Effect of Particulate Matter?
Irritate the eyes, nose & throat.
Inflammation of lungs tissue.
Decreased the lungs functions.
Caused chronic lungs diseases.
Severity of “asthma” attack on children.
Pre-term birth & low birth weight.
Pre-mature death in people with heart & lungs diseases.
Mobile Sources
(Vehicles)
VOCs, NO2
, PM
Stationary Sources
(Power plants, factories)
NO2
, SO2
, PM
Area Sources
(Drycleaners, gas stations)
VOCs
Natural Sources
(Forest fires, volcanoes)
PM
6. Particulates Matter in Atmosphere
Page | 6 SubmittedTo : Prof. Murad Sir of ChemistryDeptt GPGC-MARDAN
10. Anthropogenic PM long Term Exposure to Health?
Asthma.
Bronchitis.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).
Pneumonia.
Upper respiratory tract or, lower respiratory tract disorder.
Lungs cancer.
11. Control of Particulate Matter (from industrial sources)?
The following methods were used to control the particulate matter from factory zones.
FABRIC FILTER (Bag House):
fabric material is used to capture particles from air.
I. They can achieve very high efficiency.
II. Can used for a wide variety of dust.
III. Especially useful for very small diameter.
CYCLONE:
particles are impacted against of a cone shape and deposited in hopper below.
I. Can achieve very high efficiency.
II. Especially used with larger diameter of dust.
III. Can be used for pre-treatment to high efficiency devices.’
IV. Product recovery (flour, coffee dust).
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION:
A high voltage charged is used electrically to attract
particles out of exhaust streams.
I. Can achieve very high efficiency.
II. Very energy sufficient.
III. Depend on resistivity of particles (i.e. composition).
IV. Required very high voltage.
V. Generate ground level ozone.
WET SCRUBBER:
impactionandinterceptionof particlesbyscrubbingof liquidsuchaswater.
GRAVITATIONAL SETLING CHAMBER:
A low velocity is used for particles to allow
large particles settle down by force of gravity and collect as solid particles.
TheEnd!!!