Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the level of oxygen present in water or other liquids. It is important for assessing water quality and supporting aquatic life. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically break down pollutants in water. DO enters water through diffusion from air and as a byproduct of photosynthesis. It can be measured using electrochemical, optical, or colorimetric methods. COD is determined by using potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent under acidic conditions, then measuring the amount of chromium formed.
This slide is about Dissolved Oxygen and its importance and also it contains winkler's method for determining dissolved oxygen.There is a video attached to the slide.It contain the principle,interference,reagents and procedure for determination by winklers method
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial SignificanceAdnan Murad Bhayo
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
In a body of water with large amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 90 %, this would represent High BOD
In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
This slide is about Dissolved Oxygen and its importance and also it contains winkler's method for determining dissolved oxygen.There is a video attached to the slide.It contain the principle,interference,reagents and procedure for determination by winklers method
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial SignificanceAdnan Murad Bhayo
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
In a body of water with large amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 90 %, this would represent High BOD
In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
Analysis BOD is an important parameter in identifying the extend of pollution in a water body. This presentation explains the various methods of BOD analysis as per the APHA manual
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
Analysis BOD is an important parameter in identifying the extend of pollution in a water body. This presentation explains the various methods of BOD analysis as per the APHA manual
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
Deals with the measurement of organic matter concentration in water and wastewater. BOD, BOD kinetics and COD tests are discussed at length. Further, as part of the ultimate BOD measurement, other associated tests like Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonical, Nitrate and Nitrite forms of nitrogen are also discussed.
A Survey on the Analysis of Dissolved Oxygen Level in Water using Data Mining...IIRindia
Data Mining (DM) is a powerful and a new field having various techniques to analyses the recent real world problems. In DM, environmental mining is one of the essential and interesting research areas. DM enables to collect fundamental insights and knowledge from massive volume of environmental data. The water quality is determining the condition of water in the environment. It represents the concentration and state (dissolved or particulate) of some or all the organic and inorganic material present in the water, together with certain physical characteristics of the water. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the important aspects of water quality. The DO is the quantity of gaseous oxygen (O2) incorporated into the water. The DO is essential for keeping the water organisms alive. The amount of DO level in the water can be detected by various methods. The data mining techniques are properly used to find DO Level in the different types of water. A number of DM methods used to analyze the DO level such as Multi-Layer Perceptron, Multivariate Linear Regression, Factor Analysis, and Feed Forward Neural Network. This survey work discusses about such type of methods, particularly used for the analysis of DO level elaborately.
The first step toward change is awareness, The second step is acceptance. If we become united and raise awareness to prevent water pollution, we will get a healthy environment.. Why and How Water Pollution occurred has been clearly focused here. It can be present in any seminar, program or educational course purpose.
InstructionsAs you have read this week, wastewater treatment.docxnormanibarber20063
Instructions
As you have read this week, wastewater treatment is vital to maintaining human health and producing a sustainable society. Watch the video Water Resource Recovery Facility 3D Virtual Tour. Then, evaluate the primary, secondary, and advanced stages that occur at a wastewater treatment facility. Additionally, discuss at least two policies that might decrease the production of wastewater in the face of increased population growth.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with at least two scholarly sources in addition to your text. Properly cite any references in APA format
Grading Criteria Wastewater Treatment
4 points possible
Content Criteria
Weight
The student describes the primary, secondary, and advanced stages of wastewater treatment.
1
The student discusses at least two policies for the reduction of wastewater production.
1
The student responds to at least two classmates’ initial posts by Day 7.
0.75
Research Criteria
The student utilizes at least two scholarly sources in addition to the text.
1
Style Criteria
The student utilizes APA format, provides a posting of at least 250 words, and answers with correct spelling and grammar.
0.25
Required Resources
Required Text
1. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet
a. Chapter 18: Water Supply, Use, and Management
b. Chapter 19: Water Pollution and Treatment
Multimedia
1. WaterEnvironmentFed. (2012, September 26). Water resource recovery facility 3D virtual tour [Video clip]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2FmNrEmowE
· Transcript
Recommended Resources
Article
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2013). Wastewater technology. Retrieved from http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/
Website
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2013). Water. Retrieved from http://water.epa.gov/
CHAPTER 19
Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental science: Earth as a living planet (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
19.1 Water Pollution
Water pollution refers to degradation of water quality. In de- fining pollution, we generally look at the intended use of the water, how far the water departs from the norm, its effects on public health, or its ecological impacts. From a public- health or ecological view, a pollutant is any biological, physi- cal, or chemical substance that, in an identifiable excess, is known to be harmful to desirable living organisms. Water pollutants include heavy metals, sediment, certain radioac- tive isotopes, heat, fecal coliform bacteria, phosphorus, ni- trogen, sodium, and other useful (even necessary) elements, as well as certain pathogenic bacteria and viruses. In some instances, a material may be considered a pollutant to a par- ticular segment of the population, although it is not harmful to other segments. For example, excessive sodium as a salt is not generally harmful, but it may be harmful to people who must restrict salt intake for medical reason.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Dissolved Oxygen Demand (DO) AND Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) PDF
1. D.O & C.O.D
( DISSOLVED OXYGEN DEMAND)
AND
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND )
CHETAN SINGH
PUNDEER
(12 CE 036 )Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 1
2. WHAT IS D.O ?
Dissolved oxygen refers to the level of free, non-compound oxygen present in water or other
liquids. It is an important parameter in assessing water quality because of its influence on the
organisms living within a body of water. In limnology (the study of lakes), dissolved oxygen is an
essential factor second only to water itself . A dissolved oxygen level that is too high or too low can
harm aquatic life and affect water quality.
Non-compound oxygen, or free oxygen (O2), is oxygen that is not bonded to any other element.
Dissolved oxygen is the presence of these free O2 molecules within water.The bonded oxygen
molecule in water (H2O) is in a compound and does not count toward dissolved oxygen levels. One
can imagine that free oxygen molecules dissolve in water much the way salt or sugar does when it is
stirred .
Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 2
3. WHAT IS C.O.D ?
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is the amount of oxygen required to
degenerate all poution in a chemical way (by adding oxidising agents and heating).
In general with chemical destruction you can remove more polution than with the
biological way.
. It is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L) also referred to as ppm (parts per
million), which indicates the mass of oxygen consumed per liter of solution.
Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 3
4. WHERE DOES D.O COMES FROM ?
Dissolved oxygen enters water through the air or as a plant byproduct. From the air,
oxygen can slowly diffuse across the water’s surface from the surrounding atmosphere,
or be mixed in quickly through aeration, whether natural or man-made 7. The aeration of
water can be caused by wind (creating waves), rapids, waterfalls, ground water discharge
or other forms of running water. Man-made causes of aeration vary from an aquarium air
pump to a hand-turned waterwheel to a large dam.
Dissolved oxygen is also produced as a waste product of photosynthesis from
phytoplankton, algae, seaweed and other aquatic plants.
Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 4
6. METHOD FOR D.O
There are three methods available for measuring dissolved oxygen concentrations. Modern
techniques involve either an electrochemical or optical sensor. The dissolved oxygen sensor is
attached to a meter for spot sampling and laboratory applications or to a data logger, process monitor
or transmitter for deployed measurements and process control.
The colorimetric method offers a basic approximation of dissolved oxygen concentrations in a
sample. There are two methods designed for high-range and low-range dissolved oxygen
concentrations. These methods are quick and inexpensive for basic projects, but limited in scope and
subject to error due to other redoxing agents that may be present in the water .
Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 6
7. METHOD FOR COD
Potassium dichromate is a strong oxidizing agent under acidic conditions. (Acidity is
usually achieved by the addition of sulfuric acid.)
In the process of oxidizing the organic substances found in the water sample,
potassium dichromate is reduced (since in all redox reactions, one reagent is oxidized
and the other is reduced), forming Cr3+. The amount of Cr3+ is determined after
oxidization is complete, and is used as an indirect measure of the organic contents of the
water sample.
Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 7
8. THANK YOU
Submitted To:- Ms. Himadri Rajput
Submitted By:- Chetan Singh Pundeer
(12 CE 036)
Chetan Singh Pundeer (12 CE 036) 8