more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED) AMIR HASSAN
Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
Unit 3 control of particulate contaminantsChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Control of Particulate Contaminants. It is very useful for students studiying Air Pollution and Control Engineering either as an Open elective or Professional elective.
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED) AMIR HASSAN
Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
Unit 3 control of particulate contaminantsChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Control of Particulate Contaminants. It is very useful for students studiying Air Pollution and Control Engineering either as an Open elective or Professional elective.
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Lab manual for Air Pollution Sampling and Analysis.
This laboratory manual is useful to environmental engineers, scientists, undergraduate and graduate students, chemists and environmental field engineers. The manual has been prepared as per the US EPA and IS standards
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Lab manual for Air Pollution Sampling and Analysis.
This laboratory manual is useful to environmental engineers, scientists, undergraduate and graduate students, chemists and environmental field engineers. The manual has been prepared as per the US EPA and IS standards
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
Air Pollution- Definition, Types, Causes, Effects, Control Physics Wallah.pdfPhysics Wallah
Air Pollution is the release of gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that are harmful to human health and the environment.”
What is Air Pollution?
Air Pollution refers to the undesirable change occurring in air, causing harmful effects on man and domesticated species. The common air pollutants are Dust, Smoke, Carbon monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen fluorides, Chlorines, Phosgenes, Arsines, Aldehydes, Ozone, Ionising, and radiations. CO2 is not a normal air pollutant. There is 0.03% CO2 in the air; its higher percentage is the cause of greenhouse effect.
Types of Air Pollutants
It is two types :
Primary Air Pollutants:
Air is polluted by poisonous gases and undesirable substances. They are released by burning fossil fuels. These substances are called primary air pollutants. The primary air pollutants are the following :
Sulphur dioxide (SO2).
Benzopyrene (hydrocarbon) is released from cigarette smoke.
Ammonia (NH3).
Oxides of nitrogen.
Carbon monoxide (CO).
Lead (Pb).
Secondary Air Pollutants
Secondary air pollutants are poisonous substances formed from primary air pollutants. In bright sunlight, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and O2 interact to produce more powerful photochemical oxidants like ozone (O3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), aldehydes, sulphuric acid, peroxides, etc. All these constitute photochemical smog, which retard photosynthesis in plants.
Causes of Air Pollution
Agriculture: Hydrocarbons released by plants, pollen grains, insecticides, etc., cause air pollution.
Dust: Dust in the air is increased by dust storms, wind, volcanoes, automobiles, etc.
Industries: Combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, etc. Industrial smoke is the main source of pollution.
Automobiles: The combustion of petrol and diesel in automobiles releases harmful gases into the air. They also produce dust.
Ionizing radiations: Ionizing radiations include alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. They are released into the air by testing atomic weapons.
Freons: The use of freons and other chloro-fluoro-carbon compounds in refrigerants, coolants, and as filling agents in aerosol also causes pollution.
Aerosols: Aerosols are small particles of all sorts of solid or liquid substances suspended in the air. They block the stomata of plants and prevent the gaseous exchanges between plants and the atmosphere. They may also change the climate of an area.
Effects of Air Pollution
Diseases
Air pollution results in several respiratory disorders and heart diseases in humans. In recent decades, the number of lung cancer cases has increased. Children living near polluted areas are more prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people die each year due to air pollution's direct or indirect effects.
Global Warming
As a result of greenhouse gas emissions, there is an imbalance in the gaseous composition of the atmosphere. This led to
Let us make chemistry easy and loveable by having strong concepts. its video is also uploaded on youtube if you wanna understand it.
check out my youtube channel Chemistry Philics...I hope so this PowerPoint presentation will be helpful for you
Environment
Any things surrounding us & can affect health
Environmental sanitation
Properties & requisites of clean environment.
Environmental health
Protection of human health from hazards of unsanitary environment.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Synthesis of Salicylic Acid, Organic Synthesis
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Stereochemistry Assignment
Succession in Ecosystems
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Soil formation
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Community Ecology
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Eco 4 soil physical and chemical properties Rabia Aziz
soil
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
An Introduction to Ecology 2
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
An Introduction to Ecology 1
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Chlamydomonas
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Organic Synthesis:
The Disconnection Approach
One Group C-C Disconnection of Alcohol and Alkene
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
photo redox reactions
Synthesis of benzamide from benzyl chlorideRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
lab: Synthesis of benzamide from benzyl chloride
Synthesis of benzamide from benzyl chlorideRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Synthesis of benzamide from benzyl chloride Lab
reducation of co2 and its application to environment. Rabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
reducation of co2 and its application to environment
analytical techniques for estimation of organic compoundsRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
Joachim Frank
Cryo-Electron Microscopy
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
BS-III
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric
Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate
Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
5/31/2017 2RABIA AZIZ
3. Introduction
Particulate matter is a mixture of solid, liquid or solid and liquid
particles suspended in the air.
These suspended particles vary in size, composition and origin.
This complex mixture includes both organic and inorganic
particles, such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets.
Sources of particulate matter can be man-made or natural.
They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely
affect human health.
Particulate matter makes up the most visible and obvious form
of air pollution.
Pollutant particles in the 0.001–10 mm range are commonly
suspended in the air near sources of pollution such as the urban
atmosphere, industrial plants, highways, and power plants.
5/31/2017 3RABIA AZIZ
5. Particles Differ In Their Chemical Composition
Depending On Origin. They Are Usually Made Up
Of:
salts in the form of nitrates, sulphates, carbonates,
chlorides, etc.,
organic carbon compounds (PAHs, oxides, condensable
organic compounds, etc.) (called "organic carbon" and
written as OC).
trace elements such as heavy metals, etc.,
black carbon (BC).
5/31/2017 5RABIA AZIZ
7. Particles are distinguished by size:
Total Suspended Particles include all particles, of
whatever size,
PM10 are particles less than 10 µm (10 microns) in
diameter,
PM2.5 are particles less than 2.5 µm in diameter,
Black Carbon emissions are based on a chemical speciation of
PM2,5 emissions
PM1.0 are particles less than 1 µm in diameter,
Particles which are 2.5 to 10 in diameter are called
coarse particles. Particles less than 2.5 in diameter
are called fine particles and include ultra-fine
particles of less than 0.1 µm (PM0.1).
5/31/2017 7RABIA AZIZ
9. Sources of Particulate matter
Particulate matter emissions are generated from different
sources:
Mechanical: powdering, crushing, cracking, transport of non-
cohesive materials, soil erosion (by wind for example), etc.
These particles are usually a few microns to a few hundred
microns in diameter.
Chemical or thermal: These particles form when chemical
reactions or high-temperature evaporation followed by
condensation change the state of the material. These particles
range in size from a few nanometres to under 1 .
Biological: pollen, fungi, bacteria.
5/31/2017 9RABIA AZIZ
10. Emissions of particulate matter can therefore be from natural
sources or from human activities:
Particulate matter emissions from human activities are closely
dependent on dust removal equipment, processes and operating
conditions.
The main sources of emissions are:
ploughing,
construction sites, public works and civil engineering,
quarrying,
combustion of solid mineral fuels, liquid fuels and biomass.
The order of importance of emissions from these different
sources depends on the size distribution of the particles
considered.
Particulate matter emissions from natural sources are closely
related to climate and natural conditions (wind erosion, forest
fires, volcanic eruptions, pollen, wind-blown soil and sand, sea
salt etc.)
5/31/2017 RABIA AZIZ 10
13. Industrial Sources of
Particulate Emissions
Iron & Steel Mills, the blast furnaces, steel making furnaces.
Petroleum Refineries, the catalyst regenerators, air-blown
asphalt stills, and sludge burners.
Portland cement industry
Asphalt batching plants
Production of sulfuric acid
Production of phosphoric acid
Soap and Synthetic detergent manufacturing
Glass & glass fiber industry
Instant coffee plants
5/31/2017 RABIA AZIZ 13
14. Types Of Particulate Matter
The different types of particulate matter may be
divided into three categories:
primary particulate matter: directly released into the
atmosphere by a large number of human and natural
sources (see list above).
secondary particulate matter: formed by physical and
chemical reactions from other pollutants, called
precursors.
re-suspended particulate matter: after it has been
deposited, particulate matter can then return into the
air through wind action or road traffic disturbance in
urban areas,
5/31/2017 14RABIA AZIZ
15. Important Terms Describing
Atmospheric Particles
Term Meaning
Aerosol: Colloidal-sized atmospheric particle
Condensation aerosol: Formed by condensation of
vapors or reactions of gases
Dispersion aerosol: Formed by grinding of solids,
atomization of liquids, or dispersion of dusts
Fog: Term denoting high level of water droplets
Haze: Denotes decreased visibility due to the presence of
particles
Mists: Liquid particles
Smoke: Particles formed by incomplete combustion of fuel
5/31/2017 15RABIA AZIZ
19. Symptoms of exposure to particulate matter:
People with heart conditions may experience:
Chest pain
Irregular heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Heart attacks
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common
heart problem related to long term exposure to PM2.5
5/31/2017 19RABIA AZIZ
20. People with lung conditions may experience:
Coughing
Shortness of breath
Decreased ability to breathe deeply or vigorously
Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections
Aggravation of existing lung conditions like asthma and
chronic bronchitis
Healthy people may experience temporary symptoms
like:
Eye, nose, and throat irritation
Coughing
Chest tightness
Shortness of breath
5/31/2017 20RABIA AZIZ
21. General Methods For Control
Of Particulate Emissions
Five Basic Types of Dust Collectors:
Gravity and Momentum collectors
Settling chambers, louvers, baffle chambers
Centrifugal Collectors
Cyclones
Mechanical centrifugal collectors
Fabric Filters
Baghouses
Fabric collectors
5/31/2017 RABIA AZIZ 21