The document discusses aerobiology, focusing on airborne microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and their relation to health and allergy. It details sources of allergens, methods for sampling and enumerating airborne bacteria, and various techniques for air purification. The study highlights the roles of indoor and outdoor aeroallergens and the impact of environmental factors on microbial presence in the atmosphere.

1. AIRMICROBIOLOGY
Dr. Rachana Choudhary
Department of Microbiology
Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya Junwani Bhilai

2. INTRODUCTION
Aero microbiology deals with the
study of air borne microorganism &
viruses along with the particulate matter
of air, dust, specially smoke dust &
pesticides.
Microorganism present in air
contains aerosol particles which comes
through cough & sneezing and various
other sources.

3. • Air is a poor medium for
microbial growth – too dry and
no nutrients
• Spore forming and Gram-
positive bacteria are resistant to
drying
• Dust, water droplets in air carry
microbial populations from one
place to another
• Sneezing, coughing, talking are
efficient methods of transferring
microbes from one respiratory
tract to another
100 m/sec, 10000 – 100000 bacteria

4. • Liquid and dust particles settle in the respiratory tract
depending on their velocity and size
• Microorganisms colonize specific locations in the
respiratory tract

5. MICROBE IN AIR
•Bacteria
•Fungi
•Algae
•Virus

6. INDOOR AIR MICROBIOLOGY
•Aeromicrospora of Pharmacy
•Aeromicroflora of hospitals
•House dust
•Aeromicroflora of Storage Materials

7. WHAT IS DROPLET NUCLEI?
On increasing concentration of
aerosol particles they act as nuclei having
condensed water vapors on its surface forming
a cloud droplet nuclei like structure.
These aerosol are infectious
secretions containing pathogenic organism.

8. AEROALLERGANS
The term allergy is used to denote any altered
capacity of body to react with a foreign
substance.
term allergy was first
introduced by Anton Van Pirquet in 1906.
Allergy is caused by certain biological &
abiological agents present in air are called
aeroallergens.

9. SOME COMMON AEROALLERGANS
AEROALLERGAN SOURCES
Pollen grains Wind-pollinated ex- grasses, woods, trees,
saprophytic fungi, multiply on dead organic
substrate in presence of optimum moisture and
temperature.
Dander's Feathers of birds, hairs of cat ,dog ,ship cattle
animal, human and laboratory.
House dust A composite of all dust containing specific
components related to algae.
Cosmetic Talcs, hairtonics,lotion,bindis.etc
Insecticide Containing pyrerethrum as a common
ingredient.
Paints &Varnish Linseed oil, organic solvent act as irritant.

10. TYPES OF AEROALLERGANS.
1. INDOOR AEROALLERGANS
2. OUTDOOR AEROALLERGANS

11. 1.HOUSE DUST ALLERGANS
OTHER AEROALLERGANS

12. 2.POLLEN
• Mainly the plants belonging to family Poaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae cause
pollen allergy.
• Tilak & vishaue in 1979 recorded 33 pollen type of
which herb pollen grains are highest.
• Pollens are dispersed through vector like wind water &
insect.
• Occurrence of pollen different accord to seasons

13. 3.COSMETICS
They are artificial or chemical used on our skin to
cleanse, beautifully & after appearance.
The causes of cosmetic allergies are
a)The quality of product of cosmetics.
b)Spoilage of cosmetic by microbes ex .E.coli,
B.subtilis, Alternaria.
c)Secretion of toxic by microbes.
d)Chemical ingredient of cosmetic.

14. COSMETICS ALLERGY
Hair dyes Common cause of contact
dermatitis.
Hair oil Mustard oil gave positive patch test.
Shampoos Selson shampoo give the patch test.
Lipsticks' Eosin is a potent photocontact
sensitizer.
Tooth pastes Forming agent an known to be chief
causes of contact dermatitis.

15. ALLERGAN MICROFLORA
AEROALLERGAN EXAMPLES
ALGAE Alusoria,Chlamydomonas,
nostoc,plectonema,chlorella.
FUNGI Alternaria,Aspergillus,Candida
,trichoderma,Fusarium.
LICHENS Clodonia,Heterodermia,
Parmelia,Usnea.
POLLEN GRAINS Amaranths' spp,Datura
mettle,ocimum sanctum.
OTHERS Dust,mites,viruses,etc.

16. ENUMERATION OF AEROALLERGANS
GRAVITATIONAL METHOD:
•In this method solid media is used.
•In it air is passed then due to gravitational
force microbes settle in media & after
incubation quantity of microbes is known.

17. IMPECTION METHOD
• In this method a metal contained is used the bottom of
which is colored.
• This contain is fitted with an inverted funnel which is
½ inches above the bottom plates containing agar
media is kept at the bottom of container. In this
method air flow is regulated by funnel air reaction the
media in a uniform way.

18. IMPINGMENT IN LIQUID MEDIA
•In this method liquid broth is used where air is
regulated by a tube.
•In broth glass beads are added to form air gaps.
•At the position of beads are no growth is
observed.
•Hence growth is divided in segments.

19. • SIEVE METHOD
•Sieve plate is kept
agar media & upon
sieve plate funnel is
kept by which air is
blown in media .
•For different pore size
plates are used.

20. AIR SAMPLE METHOD
1.Burkard Slide method.
2.Burkard Petri plate method.
3.Andersen six stage sample.
4.Rotorod sample.

21. PURIFICATION OF AIR
• Purification of air is done
by following methods:
• Radiation method
• it uses X-rays-rays,& UV
rays.
• It is used in hospitals ,
musems & in apparatus etc.
Radiation method

22. 2.TEMPERATURE
TREATMENT.
•In operation theater the
cloth instruments etc are
autoclaved so that they
become microbes free.
•In laboratory for pure
culturing media is first
autoclaved to make it
microbes.
•In dry heating glass wares
are sterilized by heating
there in hot air oven for
180’c for 2 hours before
using them.

23. 3.BY LAMINAR AIR FLOW
•Used for maintaining
sterilized environment.
•It is an apparatus
consisting of an air
blower which produced
uniform air flow having
special (HEPA) filters.
•HEPA filter can
remove particles as
small as 0.3mm.

24. • IONAIRE
•At present to estuary
microorganism ionaire
apparatus is used .
•It though electricity & it
is mostly used for
detecting lung diseases
caused by pollens, soil
particles etc.& for
allergic patients.

25. • CHEMICAL METHOD.
To purify the polluted
air many chemicals are
used phenol, sodium
nitrocloride, resorcinol,
hexaresorcinol,
prophenyl glycol,
triethylene glycol, and
formaline and
potassium
permanganate solution.

26. CONCLUSION
Atmosphere is a habitat characterized by
extreme environment & temperature
variations but substantial of microbes are
founding lower region of atmosphere.
they contaminate the air & care
allergen these allergen may be pollen TS

27. REFERENCE
• General Microbiology-C. B. Powar
• Principle of Microbiology-Presscott 7th addition
• Environmental Biology-U. Satyanarayana
• Textbook of Microbiology-R. P. Singh

28. THANK YOU