Biodeterioration of paper and leather ppt..
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
6 likes•5,679 views
This document discusses the biodeterioration of paper and leather. It defines biodeterioration as the breakdown of materials by microorganisms or undesirable changes caused by organisms. For paper, factors like humidity, chemicals, and microbes like fungi can cause staining, foxing, and weakening. Leather deterioration is also caused by bacteria and fungi when conditions are poor, leading to hardening, deformation, and discoloration. Preventing biodeterioration requires controlling moisture, chemicals, insects, and proper storage conditions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Biodeterioration of textiles
This document discusses the biodeterioration of textiles by microorganisms. It begins by introducing the three steps of biodegradation: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. It then explains each step in more detail. The document focuses on how natural fibers like cotton are more susceptible to microbial deterioration compared to synthetic fibers due to their porous structure retaining water and nutrients. It lists common microorganisms like fungi and bacteria that cause textile deterioration and describes methods to detect, prevent, and treat biodeterioration of textiles.
Biodeterioration of paper
This document summarizes biodeterioration of paper by microorganisms. It discusses how paper is commonly used but is susceptible to deterioration by various fungi, bacteria, insects during production and storage. Common paper deteriorating microorganisms produce cellulases and xylanases that break down cellulose and hemicellulose in paper. Deterioration occurs through discoloration and weakening of fibers during manufacturing due to organisms like Aspergillus and during storage by fungi like Alternaria. Factors like temperature, humidity and pests accelerate deterioration which can be prevented through good housekeeping, fumigation and controlling humidity and light exposure.
Biodeterioration
This document discusses biodeterioration, which refers to undesirable changes in materials caused by biological organisms. It affects buildings, stones, metals, and other materials. Factors like humidity, light, temperature, and pollution can influence biodeterioration by favoring the growth of microbes. Mechanisms include chemical and mechanical aggression via acids, enzymes, and physical forces produced by microbes. Common biodeteriogens are bacteria, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, and plants. They can deteriorate inorganic materials like stones and metals or organic materials like paper, wood, and paintings. Control methods include biochemical, biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical approaches.
Microbial deterioration of textiles and paper
A presentation describing the use and applications of different microbes in textile and paper industry
Biodegradation of petroleum
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM using microorganisms,various techniques by which bioremediation is done-such as physical,chemical and biological
Assessment of air quality
This document describes different methods for assessing air quality by sampling and quantifying airborne microorganisms. It discusses the principles and procedures for sedimentation, impaction, impingement, and filtration air sampling techniques. Impaction uses inertia to deposit particles on a collection surface like agar. Impingement traps particles in a liquid that is then plated. Filtration collects particles on membrane filters which are cultured. The document provides materials needed and step-by-step instructions to sample air using an AGI-30 impinger or cassette filtration to collect microbes which are then cultured and counted to quantify bacteria and fungi concentrations per cubic meter of air.
Biodeterioration of wood
Biodeterioration of wood - causative agents, how to prevent biodeterioration and assessment of biodeterioration.
Downstream processing - industrial microbiology
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Recommended
Biodeterioration of textiles
This document discusses the biodeterioration of textiles by microorganisms. It begins by introducing the three steps of biodegradation: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. It then explains each step in more detail. The document focuses on how natural fibers like cotton are more susceptible to microbial deterioration compared to synthetic fibers due to their porous structure retaining water and nutrients. It lists common microorganisms like fungi and bacteria that cause textile deterioration and describes methods to detect, prevent, and treat biodeterioration of textiles.
Biodeterioration of paper
This document summarizes biodeterioration of paper by microorganisms. It discusses how paper is commonly used but is susceptible to deterioration by various fungi, bacteria, insects during production and storage. Common paper deteriorating microorganisms produce cellulases and xylanases that break down cellulose and hemicellulose in paper. Deterioration occurs through discoloration and weakening of fibers during manufacturing due to organisms like Aspergillus and during storage by fungi like Alternaria. Factors like temperature, humidity and pests accelerate deterioration which can be prevented through good housekeeping, fumigation and controlling humidity and light exposure.
Biodeterioration
This document discusses biodeterioration, which refers to undesirable changes in materials caused by biological organisms. It affects buildings, stones, metals, and other materials. Factors like humidity, light, temperature, and pollution can influence biodeterioration by favoring the growth of microbes. Mechanisms include chemical and mechanical aggression via acids, enzymes, and physical forces produced by microbes. Common biodeteriogens are bacteria, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, and plants. They can deteriorate inorganic materials like stones and metals or organic materials like paper, wood, and paintings. Control methods include biochemical, biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical approaches.
Microbial deterioration of textiles and paper
A presentation describing the use and applications of different microbes in textile and paper industry
Biodegradation of petroleum
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM using microorganisms,various techniques by which bioremediation is done-such as physical,chemical and biological
Assessment of air quality
This document describes different methods for assessing air quality by sampling and quantifying airborne microorganisms. It discusses the principles and procedures for sedimentation, impaction, impingement, and filtration air sampling techniques. Impaction uses inertia to deposit particles on a collection surface like agar. Impingement traps particles in a liquid that is then plated. Filtration collects particles on membrane filters which are cultured. The document provides materials needed and step-by-step instructions to sample air using an AGI-30 impinger or cassette filtration to collect microbes which are then cultured and counted to quantify bacteria and fungi concentrations per cubic meter of air.
Biodeterioration of wood
Biodeterioration of wood - causative agents, how to prevent biodeterioration and assessment of biodeterioration.
Downstream processing - industrial microbiology
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
BIODETERIORATION
Biodeterioration refers to the undesirable chemical or physical changes to materials caused by microorganisms or macroorganisms. It can impact a variety of materials including cellulose, food, wood, fabrics, teeth, and metals. The breakdown is often initiated by the formation of a biofilm. Common agents of biodeterioration include extracellular enzymes, bacteria, fungi, insects, mollusks, and rodents. Several factors determine the susceptibility of a material to biodeterioration such as accessibility, inoculum levels, and environmental conditions. Proper storage and maintenance can help control biodeterioration by regulating humidity, temperature, light exposure and pest control.
Inoculum development.pptx
The document discusses inoculum development and production media for industrial fermentation. It defines inoculum as a culture of microbes used to inoculate production-scale fermentations. Successful fermentations require developing inoculum to an active, healthy state in appropriate density. The document outlines factors that affect fermentation and discusses various media components like carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and trace elements. It also covers inoculum development methods for bacterial and mycelial cultures, preservation techniques, examples of media used for specific inocula, and criteria for a good inoculum.
Environmental Microbiology: Microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds
A brief presentation on 'Microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds'- their classes,their sources, the microorganisms involved and their modes of degradation,
Biodegradation of xenobiotics
The document summarizes biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, specifically petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. It discusses how various microorganisms can degrade these compounds through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Key points include how bacteria and enzymes are able to break down petroleum, degrade pesticides, and transform toxic contaminants into less hazardous substances through microbial metabolic pathways and catabolic reactions. Recent research is also cited that studied biodegradation of crude oil by bacterial consortium in the marine environment.
Anti-foaming agents, inducers, precursors and inhibitors in Fermentation tech...
The document discusses antifoaming agents, inducers, precursors, and inhibitors used in fermentation technology. Antifoaming agents like oils and silicones are added to fermentation to reduce foam formation which can contaminate processes. Precursors are added to increase product yields, like corn steep liquor for penicillin production. Inducers trigger secondary metabolite production in microbes and are necessary for genetically modified organisms. Inhibitors redirect metabolism toward the target product or halt pathways to prevent degradation.
Pesticide degradation
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
Air Sanitation.pptx
Air sanitation is the system of removing the impurities present in air inside buildings to protect people from infections. Sanitation of air is essential in enclosed places like hospitals and operation rooms.
Fermenter and its components
The document discusses different types of fermenters used in biological processes. It explains that fermenters provide an optimal environment for microorganisms to interact with substrates and form desired products. There are two main types - open and closed fermenters. Key requirements for fermenters include maintaining sterile conditions, effective mixing through aeration and agitation, and monitoring environmental factors like pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen. Common mixing mechanisms used are disc turbines, vaned discs, and propellers attached to agitator shafts. Spargers are also discussed for introducing air into the fermentation broth.
Media for industrial fermentation
Media for industrial fermentation process, substrates used as carbon, nitrogen sources, growth factors, inducers
Microbial leaching
Description of Bioleaching and its various methods including examples and types of microorganisms used for microbial leaching.
Aeromicrobiology
this will put a light on air microbiology, air microbes, airborne diseases and factors that influence the bioaerosols.
Bioleaching
This document discusses bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals from ores. The most common microorganisms used are Thiobacillus thiooxidants and Thiobacillus ferrooxidants. Bioleaching can occur directly via microbial contact with ores or indirectly by microbes producing leaching agents. Common applications include copper, uranium, gold and silver, and silica leaching. Bioleaching is used commercially in slope, heap, and in situ leaching with ores placed in piles or left in the ground and irrigated with microbes.
Sources of microorganisms in air
The document discusses sources of microorganisms in air. It states that the main sources are soil, water, plant and animal surfaces, and human beings. Microbes from these sources enter the air through environmental factors like wind and water, or human activities like digging and talking. Once airborne, microbes can exist as droplets, droplet nuclei, or infectious dust, with droplet nuclei able to remain suspended the longest. The largest source is human beings through sneezing, coughing, and other activities that expel microbes from our respiratory tracts in bioaerosols.
bioplastics by microorganisms Polyhydroxyalkanoates And Polyhydroxybutyrate
This document discusses bioplastics, which are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils, cornstarch, and pea starch. It notes that bioplastics are designed to biodegrade and can break down in either aerobic or anaerobic environments depending on how they are manufactured. Common types of bioplastics include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs), and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBVs). The document also discusses the synthesis and production of bioplastics like PHAs and PHB by microorganisms, as well as their applications in packaging, catering, gardening, medical products, and sanitary products
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar Bhanushali
This document summarizes techniques for bioremediating heavy metal pollution using plants (phytoremediation) and microorganisms. It discusses how plants and microbes like bacteria, fungi, and algae can uptake, accumulate, immobilize, or transform heavy metals into less toxic forms. Integrated approaches are also proposed, such as using plants inoculated with metal-resistant endophytic bacteria or combining phytoremediation with microbial remediation. The document provides examples of plant and microbial species effective for remediating various metals like mercury, lead, chromium, and more. It explains the mechanisms by which these living organisms remediate heavy metal contamination in soils and water.
Isolation of industrial microorganisms
Isolation of industrially important microorganisms, methods of isolation, screening of microorganisms, strain selection
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons
Petroleum hydrocarbons are a major source of pollution that can be degraded through microbial processes. Microbes like bacteria, yeast and fungi produce enzymes that allow them to break down the four classes of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biodegradation occurs through attachment of microbes to the hydrocarbons and production of biosurfactants and central precursor metabolites. Both aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes are possible. While temperature, nutrients and the type of hydrocarbon influence biodegradation rates, microbial activity is an effective natural mechanism for cleaning up petroleum spills.
Air microbiology
This document discusses the microbiology of air, including aero-microbiology, transmission of airborne microorganisms, common bacterial and fungal species found in indoor and outdoor air, and airborne diseases like tuberculosis, meningitis, influenza, and histoplasmosis. It also covers physical stresses on microorganisms in the air and methods to control microorganisms, such as ultraviolet radiation, chemical agents, filtration, and laminar airflow systems.
Bio deterioration
1. Biodeterioration is the breakdown or undesirable alteration of materials caused by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or enzymes. It can impair the usefulness of materials for their intended purpose.
2. Biodegradation involves the degradation of materials by living organisms in a beneficial way, while biodeterioration refers to the negative or undesirable impacts on materials.
3. Various microorganisms and insects can cause biodeterioration of common materials like paper, wood, metals, textiles, and leather through processes like staining, discoloration, weakening of fibers, and structural damage over time if left unchecked. Proper preventative measures and storage conditions are needed to limit biodeterioration.
Bioremediation of metals and detergent
1. The document discusses bioremediation of heavy metals like lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, and selenite which threaten human health, as well as bioremediation of detergents.
2. Heavy metal contamination of soil poses risks to humans and ecosystems, but bioremediation using microbes can transform toxic heavy metals into less toxic forms. Microbes use mechanisms like metal ion efflux and precipitation to develop resistance to metals.
3. Detergents are classified based on properties like water solubility and chemical structure. Naturally occurring and synthetic detergents can be ionic, non-ionic, anionic, or cationic. Bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
3 morphology & cell biology of bacteria (2)
Bacterial cells can contain inclusion bodies which act as storage deposits. There are two main types: granules which are not membrane-bound and vesicles which are membrane-bound. Common inclusion bodies include polyhydroxybutyrate, polyphosphate, glycogen and sulfur granules. Some bacteria have gas-filled vacuoles or magnetite crystals in vesicles. Endospores are highly resistant structures produced by Bacillus and Clostridium under harsh conditions, allowing dormancy. They have protective layers including a cortex and spore coat. Sporulation involves the formation of a forespore within the cell which develops into a mature endospore. Germination returns the endospore to a vegetative state. Endospores
Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap
Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT- Bacterial Spores are robust and dormant life forms. The enthralling controlling system can maintain the spore dormancy for years yet allow the reappearance into active state within minutes thus provide resistance to the bacterium to heat, freezing, chemicals, radiations and other adverse environments. In spite of being considered as a spoilage and disease cause, Bacterial spores have been emerging as a miracle package. The survivability of bacterial spores under harsh conditions provides various solutions to human needs. Thus bacterial spores are drawing increased interest of the researchers as a solution to get work done under tough conditions. Bacterial spores have been exploited successfully to develop Biological Detection Systems as they can sense environmental changes and respond rapidly. Recently several spore based biosensors have been developed for the detection of different contaminants from different sources. More valued Probiotic Products based on bacterial spores have also been developed as spores can travel through GIT safely due to their resistant to digestive enzymes.Taking advantage of spore survivability, Pest Control Products based on spores are being used for making innovations in pest control. Different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis have been used to protect crops. More recent Bt genes have been expressed in transgenic plants to provide inherent resistance. Bacillus spores also have been exploited for vaccine delivery as a non- invasive and thermostable vaccine delivery system. Bioremediation and Electricity generation is also another applied corner of bacterial spores. This reevaluation highlights the potential of this simpler microbial structure and recent growth in the applied bacterial spore biology.
Key-words- Bacterial Spore, Biological detection system, Probiotics, Vaccine delivery, Bioremediation
More Related Content
What's hot
BIODETERIORATION
Biodeterioration refers to the undesirable chemical or physical changes to materials caused by microorganisms or macroorganisms. It can impact a variety of materials including cellulose, food, wood, fabrics, teeth, and metals. The breakdown is often initiated by the formation of a biofilm. Common agents of biodeterioration include extracellular enzymes, bacteria, fungi, insects, mollusks, and rodents. Several factors determine the susceptibility of a material to biodeterioration such as accessibility, inoculum levels, and environmental conditions. Proper storage and maintenance can help control biodeterioration by regulating humidity, temperature, light exposure and pest control.
Inoculum development.pptx
The document discusses inoculum development and production media for industrial fermentation. It defines inoculum as a culture of microbes used to inoculate production-scale fermentations. Successful fermentations require developing inoculum to an active, healthy state in appropriate density. The document outlines factors that affect fermentation and discusses various media components like carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and trace elements. It also covers inoculum development methods for bacterial and mycelial cultures, preservation techniques, examples of media used for specific inocula, and criteria for a good inoculum.
Environmental Microbiology: Microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds
A brief presentation on 'Microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds'- their classes,their sources, the microorganisms involved and their modes of degradation,
Biodegradation of xenobiotics
The document summarizes biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, specifically petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. It discusses how various microorganisms can degrade these compounds through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Key points include how bacteria and enzymes are able to break down petroleum, degrade pesticides, and transform toxic contaminants into less hazardous substances through microbial metabolic pathways and catabolic reactions. Recent research is also cited that studied biodegradation of crude oil by bacterial consortium in the marine environment.
Anti-foaming agents, inducers, precursors and inhibitors in Fermentation tech...
The document discusses antifoaming agents, inducers, precursors, and inhibitors used in fermentation technology. Antifoaming agents like oils and silicones are added to fermentation to reduce foam formation which can contaminate processes. Precursors are added to increase product yields, like corn steep liquor for penicillin production. Inducers trigger secondary metabolite production in microbes and are necessary for genetically modified organisms. Inhibitors redirect metabolism toward the target product or halt pathways to prevent degradation.
Pesticide degradation
Introduction
Type of pesticides
Advantage & disadvantages of pesticides
Degradation of pesticide
Microbial degradation of pesticides
Mode of microbial metabolism of pesticides
Strategies for biodegradation
Approaches for biodegradation of pesticide
Chemical reaction leading biodegradation of pesticide
Metabolism of pesticides by MO
Metabolism of DDT
Air Sanitation.pptx
Air sanitation is the system of removing the impurities present in air inside buildings to protect people from infections. Sanitation of air is essential in enclosed places like hospitals and operation rooms.
Fermenter and its components
The document discusses different types of fermenters used in biological processes. It explains that fermenters provide an optimal environment for microorganisms to interact with substrates and form desired products. There are two main types - open and closed fermenters. Key requirements for fermenters include maintaining sterile conditions, effective mixing through aeration and agitation, and monitoring environmental factors like pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen. Common mixing mechanisms used are disc turbines, vaned discs, and propellers attached to agitator shafts. Spargers are also discussed for introducing air into the fermentation broth.
Media for industrial fermentation
Media for industrial fermentation process, substrates used as carbon, nitrogen sources, growth factors, inducers
Microbial leaching
Description of Bioleaching and its various methods including examples and types of microorganisms used for microbial leaching.
Aeromicrobiology
this will put a light on air microbiology, air microbes, airborne diseases and factors that influence the bioaerosols.
Bioleaching
This document discusses bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals from ores. The most common microorganisms used are Thiobacillus thiooxidants and Thiobacillus ferrooxidants. Bioleaching can occur directly via microbial contact with ores or indirectly by microbes producing leaching agents. Common applications include copper, uranium, gold and silver, and silica leaching. Bioleaching is used commercially in slope, heap, and in situ leaching with ores placed in piles or left in the ground and irrigated with microbes.
Sources of microorganisms in air
The document discusses sources of microorganisms in air. It states that the main sources are soil, water, plant and animal surfaces, and human beings. Microbes from these sources enter the air through environmental factors like wind and water, or human activities like digging and talking. Once airborne, microbes can exist as droplets, droplet nuclei, or infectious dust, with droplet nuclei able to remain suspended the longest. The largest source is human beings through sneezing, coughing, and other activities that expel microbes from our respiratory tracts in bioaerosols.
bioplastics by microorganisms Polyhydroxyalkanoates And Polyhydroxybutyrate
This document discusses bioplastics, which are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils, cornstarch, and pea starch. It notes that bioplastics are designed to biodegrade and can break down in either aerobic or anaerobic environments depending on how they are manufactured. Common types of bioplastics include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs), and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBVs). The document also discusses the synthesis and production of bioplastics like PHAs and PHB by microorganisms, as well as their applications in packaging, catering, gardening, medical products, and sanitary products
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar Bhanushali
This document summarizes techniques for bioremediating heavy metal pollution using plants (phytoremediation) and microorganisms. It discusses how plants and microbes like bacteria, fungi, and algae can uptake, accumulate, immobilize, or transform heavy metals into less toxic forms. Integrated approaches are also proposed, such as using plants inoculated with metal-resistant endophytic bacteria or combining phytoremediation with microbial remediation. The document provides examples of plant and microbial species effective for remediating various metals like mercury, lead, chromium, and more. It explains the mechanisms by which these living organisms remediate heavy metal contamination in soils and water.
Isolation of industrial microorganisms
Isolation of industrially important microorganisms, methods of isolation, screening of microorganisms, strain selection
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons
Petroleum hydrocarbons are a major source of pollution that can be degraded through microbial processes. Microbes like bacteria, yeast and fungi produce enzymes that allow them to break down the four classes of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biodegradation occurs through attachment of microbes to the hydrocarbons and production of biosurfactants and central precursor metabolites. Both aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes are possible. While temperature, nutrients and the type of hydrocarbon influence biodegradation rates, microbial activity is an effective natural mechanism for cleaning up petroleum spills.
Air microbiology
This document discusses the microbiology of air, including aero-microbiology, transmission of airborne microorganisms, common bacterial and fungal species found in indoor and outdoor air, and airborne diseases like tuberculosis, meningitis, influenza, and histoplasmosis. It also covers physical stresses on microorganisms in the air and methods to control microorganisms, such as ultraviolet radiation, chemical agents, filtration, and laminar airflow systems.
Bio deterioration
1. Biodeterioration is the breakdown or undesirable alteration of materials caused by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or enzymes. It can impair the usefulness of materials for their intended purpose.
2. Biodegradation involves the degradation of materials by living organisms in a beneficial way, while biodeterioration refers to the negative or undesirable impacts on materials.
3. Various microorganisms and insects can cause biodeterioration of common materials like paper, wood, metals, textiles, and leather through processes like staining, discoloration, weakening of fibers, and structural damage over time if left unchecked. Proper preventative measures and storage conditions are needed to limit biodeterioration.
Bioremediation of metals and detergent
1. The document discusses bioremediation of heavy metals like lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, and selenite which threaten human health, as well as bioremediation of detergents.
2. Heavy metal contamination of soil poses risks to humans and ecosystems, but bioremediation using microbes can transform toxic heavy metals into less toxic forms. Microbes use mechanisms like metal ion efflux and precipitation to develop resistance to metals.
3. Detergents are classified based on properties like water solubility and chemical structure. Naturally occurring and synthetic detergents can be ionic, non-ionic, anionic, or cationic. Bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
What's hot (20)
Environmental Microbiology: Microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds
Environmental Microbiology: Microbial degradation of recalcitrant compounds
Anti-foaming agents, inducers, precursors and inhibitors in Fermentation tech...
Anti-foaming agents, inducers, precursors and inhibitors in Fermentation tech...
bioplastics by microorganisms Polyhydroxyalkanoates And Polyhydroxybutyrate
bioplastics by microorganisms Polyhydroxyalkanoates And Polyhydroxybutyrate
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar Bhanushali
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar Bhanushali
Similar to Biodeterioration of paper and leather ppt..
3 morphology & cell biology of bacteria (2)
Bacterial cells can contain inclusion bodies which act as storage deposits. There are two main types: granules which are not membrane-bound and vesicles which are membrane-bound. Common inclusion bodies include polyhydroxybutyrate, polyphosphate, glycogen and sulfur granules. Some bacteria have gas-filled vacuoles or magnetite crystals in vesicles. Endospores are highly resistant structures produced by Bacillus and Clostridium under harsh conditions, allowing dormancy. They have protective layers including a cortex and spore coat. Sporulation involves the formation of a forespore within the cell which develops into a mature endospore. Germination returns the endospore to a vegetative state. Endospores
Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap
Spore: Potential of Invaluable Bacterial Wrap SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT- Bacterial Spores are robust and dormant life forms. The enthralling controlling system can maintain the spore dormancy for years yet allow the reappearance into active state within minutes thus provide resistance to the bacterium to heat, freezing, chemicals, radiations and other adverse environments. In spite of being considered as a spoilage and disease cause, Bacterial spores have been emerging as a miracle package. The survivability of bacterial spores under harsh conditions provides various solutions to human needs. Thus bacterial spores are drawing increased interest of the researchers as a solution to get work done under tough conditions. Bacterial spores have been exploited successfully to develop Biological Detection Systems as they can sense environmental changes and respond rapidly. Recently several spore based biosensors have been developed for the detection of different contaminants from different sources. More valued Probiotic Products based on bacterial spores have also been developed as spores can travel through GIT safely due to their resistant to digestive enzymes.Taking advantage of spore survivability, Pest Control Products based on spores are being used for making innovations in pest control. Different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis have been used to protect crops. More recent Bt genes have been expressed in transgenic plants to provide inherent resistance. Bacillus spores also have been exploited for vaccine delivery as a non- invasive and thermostable vaccine delivery system. Bioremediation and Electricity generation is also another applied corner of bacterial spores. This reevaluation highlights the potential of this simpler microbial structure and recent growth in the applied bacterial spore biology.
Key-words- Bacterial Spore, Biological detection system, Probiotics, Vaccine delivery, Bioremediation
Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms methods of sterilization...
This document discusses various environmental factors that influence microorganisms and methods of sterilization and disinfection. It describes how physical factors like temperature, desiccation, light, and radiation can affect microbial growth and survival. It also discusses the effects of chemical factors and various sterilization methods using heat, chemicals, radiation, and filtration. Common sterilization techniques like autoclaving, pasteurization, and the use of ethylene oxide, beta-propiolactone, and ultraviolet light are explained.
domestic waste_100013.pptx
This document discusses domestic waste and its management. It defines domestic waste as waste generated from day-to-day household consumption, including food remains, plastics, bottles, and papers. The document categorizes domestic waste into organic, toxic, recyclable, and soiled waste. It then discusses the components of biodegradable waste management, which includes separation, collection and transportation, treatment through composting or vermicomposting, and disposal. Composting uses microorganisms and earthworms to break down organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, while vermicomposting specifically uses earthworms.
Fundamentals of Control of Microorganisms
youtube link : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPHH8m5zlQGLhXgvH755agg?view_as=subscriber
Facebook group : https://www.facebook.com/groups/836761619701557/
Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/PharmU/
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIAshow.ppsx
Bacteria play both harmful and useful roles economically. Harmful activities include causing plant diseases through toxins, spoiling food through growth and waste production, and contaminating water sources. Useful activities involve increasing soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, ammonification, and nitrification; various industrial applications like dairy production, biofuel production, and vinegar making; controlling pollution; and important roles in medicine like antibiotic production and modern biotechnology.
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can .pdf
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of
chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore
possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are
similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV
radiation inducing mutation.
Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and
maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP-
dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation.
Solution
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core mater.
Sources of foodborne microorganisms
This document discusses the various sources of foodborne microorganisms, including the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, and animals. It describes the typical microbial flora found in each environment and how microbes from these sources can contaminate foods and potentially cause spoilage or foodborne illness. The conclusion emphasizes that understanding the natural and transient microflora of foods is important for ensuring food safety during storage and preventing microbial growth.
Sterilization ppt.pptx
Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microorganisms including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat using an oven or flame, moist heat using an autoclave, filtration, and radiation. An autoclave uses pressurized steam above 100°C to kill microbes through protein denaturation. Filtration removes bacteria using depth or membrane filters with pore sizes smaller than bacteria. Radiation like gamma rays and UV light sterilizes by damaging DNA. Chemical sterilization employs alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, or gases.
Role of Bioremediation in Environment
Bioremediation is the process in which the micro-organisms are used to degrade the pollutants from the environment. Plants and micro-organisms are used to clean up the environment. Bioremediation is carried out by microbes and their metabolisms are used to remove the contaminants. Microbes have the ability to resolve the issue of contaminated ecosystem1. To improve or better living style the degradation of contaminated areas is very important. Importance of the biodegradation is increasing due to the expensiveness of the chemicals. So bioremediation is the best choice. The effluents should be degraded from the environment because they are very dangerous and have a bad impact on human beings. These pollutants sink into the water and cause pollution. These pollutants are treated with the help of microbes in bioremediation process. It is the best method because it is cost effective and eco-friendly. Different techniques of bioremediation are used to convert toxic substances into less toxic substances.
Role of Bioremediation in Environment
Bioremediation is the process in which the micro-organisms are used to degrade the pollutants from the environment. Plants and micro-organisms are used to clean up the environment. Bioremediation is carried out by microbes and their metabolisms are used to remove the contaminants. Microbes have the ability to resolve the issue of contaminated ecosystem1. To improve or better living style the degradation of contaminated areas is very important. Importance of the biodegradation is increasing due to the expensiveness of the chemicals. So bioremediation is the best choice. The effluents should be degraded from the environment because they are very dangerous and have a bad impact on human beings. These pollutants sink into the water and cause pollution. These pollutants are treated with the help of microbes in bioremediation process. It is the best method because it is cost effective and eco-friendly. Different techniques of bioremediation are used to convert toxic substances into less toxic substances.
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation1.pptx
Fiber crops undergo several post-harvest processing steps to separate the fibers from the plant material. The main steps are retting, which uses water, fungi, or chemicals to break down tissues holding fibers together; drying and baling; breaking and scutching to further separate fibers from plant matter; and hackling to comb fibers into longer strands. Retting is a key step and can be done through various methods like water retting, dew retting, or chemical processes, with sustainability favoring dew retting. After retting, breaking and scutching machinery is used to further divide fibers from plant waste before hackling produces the final processed fiber strands.
Biodegradable Polymers
In the recent years, bio-based and biodegradable products have raised great interest since sustainable development policies tend to expand with the decreasing reserve of fossil fuel and the growing concern for the environment. Bio-Polymers are a form of polymers derived from plant sources such as sweet potatoes, soya bean oil, sugarcane, hemp oil, and corn starch. These polymers are naturally degraded by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Bio-plastics can help alleviate the energy crisis as well as reduce the dependence on fossil fuels of our society. They have some remarkable properties which make it suitable for different applications. This paper tries to give an insight about Bio-plastics, their composition, preparation, properties, special cases, advantages disadvantages, commercial viability, its life cycle, marketing and pricing of these products.
As a result, the market of these environmentally friendly materials is in rapid expansion,
10 –20 % per year.
Mountain Ecology
Evergreen and broad-leaf forests are home to thousands of rare plant and animal species. Scientists have discovered many microorganisms in these areas, though they have just begun to study them. Logging and mining have destroyed forests and caused an ecological collapse, wiping out many beneficial microorganisms. One such group is actinomycetes, microscopic soil organisms that play an important role in degrading organic matter. Actinomycetes thrive in environments with adequate organic matter, neutral-alkaline pH, appropriate moisture, and temperatures around 25-30 degrees Celsius. They contribute significantly to soil health and the well-being of ecosystems.
Biotic and abiotic stress of cotton
This document summarizes different biotic and abiotic stresses that affect cotton plants. It discusses various insect pests and diseases that are biotic stresses. It also describes several abiotic stresses including drought, low light, high temperature, waterlogging, and salinity. For each stress, it provides details on the effects on the cotton plant and examples of tolerant traits. It also discusses the use of transgenic cotton varieties containing Bt genes that provide resistance to certain insect pests.
Advance Environment Biology Assignment
This document discusses the role of biodegradable products in environmental sustainability. It begins by defining biodegradation as the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. It then discusses how biotechnology can produce sustainable alternatives to polluting materials through biological processes. The document also examines the three stages of biodegradation - biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. It provides timeframes for common materials to biodegrade in both terrestrial and marine environments. Finally, it discusses the environmental and social impacts of non-biodegradable pollution, such as threats to wildlife health, increased cleanup costs, and effects on coastal economies that rely on ecotourism.
Marine bio deterioration
A presentation on Marine Bio-Deterioration, which covers basic concepts & almost all aspects related to it... It can be use for understanding it in a much elaborative level...
Microbial, Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
The document discusses growth curves of microorganisms and describes the four phases of a bacterial growth curve: lag phase, exponential/logarithmic phase, stationary phase, and death phase. It also discusses various sterilization techniques including heating methods like autoclaving and dry heat, filtration, chemical sterilization using substances like ethylene oxide and bleach, solvent sterilization using ethanol and isopropanol, and radiation sterilization using UV, x-rays, and gamma rays. Finally, it provides a brief overview of microbes, including their discovery and classification.
biodegradable plastic.pptx
The document discusses biodegradable plastics and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). It notes that traditional plastics are not biodegradable and accumulate in landfills, causing environmental issues. PHAs are introduced as a potential replacement as they are naturally produced and biodegraded by microorganisms. The document provides details on the production of PHAs by bacteria, their properties, and their biodegradability, establishing PHAs as a sustainable and biodegradable alternative to conventional plastics.
Importence of plant pathogenic bacteria
Plant pathogenic bacteria are economically important as both harmful and beneficial agents. While some bacteria cause plant diseases, others are exploited for uses like fermentation, chemical manufacturing, bioremediation, and pest control. Bacterial plant pathogens can be difficult to control without chemicals due to lack of effective alternatives and risk of antibiotic resistance.
Similar to Biodeterioration of paper and leather ppt.. (20)
Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms methods of sterilization...
Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms methods of sterilization...
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can .pdf
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can .pdf
Microbial, Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
Microbial, Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
More from ShaistaKhan60
Malaria disease.
cause of malaria, life cycle of plamosdium in malaria, vector cause Malaria, how can it be cure and also its medicine described in this ppt.
Direct Gene Transfer method (gene gun method).
Direct gene transfer methods rely on delivering naked DNA directly into plant cells without the use of Agrobacterium. Biolistic or gene gun particle bombardment is a direct gene transfer method where gold or tungsten particles are coated with DNA and shot into plant tissue using a gene gun. The DNA can then integrate into the plant genome. The method involves creating recombinant plasmids with the gene of interest, coating them onto microcarriers, bombarding embryogenic plant callus, selecting transformed cells, and regenerating plants. Transgenic papaya developed using the gene gun method were resistant to papaya ring spot virus.
The interaction among endophytes.
(1) The document discusses endophytes, which are microorganisms that live within plant tissues without causing harm. (2) It describes the types of endophytes including bacteria, fungi, algae, and oomycetes and provides examples of each. (3) Endophytes interact with their host plants in mutualistic ways such as enhancing resistance to pathogens, producing compounds that inhibit other microbes, and promoting plant growth.
Microflora of raw milk, sources of milk contamination and their control.
This document discusses the microflora found in raw milk and methods for controlling milk contamination. It begins by introducing milk and its nutritional properties. It then describes the various microorganisms commonly found in raw milk, including both harmless and potentially pathogenic bacteria. The primary sources of milk contamination on farms and during processing are explained. Control methods focus on cleanliness of animals, milking equipment, storage and processing facilities. Preservation techniques to limit bacterial growth include pasteurization, refrigeration, freezing, drying, and adding preservatives. Proper application of good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis critical control point guidelines are emphasized for effective contamination control.
Genetic engineering ppt
This document discusses different human therapies including Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA), Interferons, and Antisense molecules. It provides details on tPA such as its function in catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve blood clots. It describes the three types of Interferons, their roles in the immune response against viruses, and how viruses can develop resistance against Interferons. It also defines the main classes of Antisense molecules that inhibit target RNA functions through complementary base pairing, including their advantages and applications in reducing expression of disease-associated proteins.
Chromatin structure and organization
The document summarizes the different levels of chromatin structure and DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells. It discusses how DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which condense further into 30-nanometer fibers called heterochromatin. The highest level of packaging occurs in metaphase chromosomes, where DNA is condensed approximately 40-fold. Chromatin structure allows for compact storage of long DNA molecules in the nucleus while also regulating gene expression and protecting DNA during cell division.
More from ShaistaKhan60 (7)
Microflora of raw milk, sources of milk contamination and their control.
Microflora of raw milk, sources of milk contamination and their control.
Recently uploaded
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
一比一原版（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理（Glasgow毕业证）英国格拉斯哥大学毕业证学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Effect Of Temperature On Plants Development.pptx
How change in temperature effect the growth of Plants.
学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
World earth day powe point presentation 2024
Earth Day How has technology changed our life?
Thinkers/Inquiry • How has our ability to think and inquire helped to advance technology?
Vocabulary • Nature Deficit Disorder~ A condition that some people maintain is a spreading affliction especially affecting youth but also their adult counterparts, characterized by an excessive lack of familiarity with the outdoors and the natural world. • Precautionary Principle~ The approach whereby any possible risk associated with the introduction of a new technology is largely avoided, until a full understanding of its impact on health, environment and other areas is available.
What is technology? • Brainstorm a list of technology that you use everyday that your parents or grandparents did not have. • Compare your list with a partner.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation data
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
按照学校原版(UAL文凭证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证快速办理
挂科购买【(UAL毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证】【176555708微信号】留学假毕业证成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
Recently uploaded (20)
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay
Formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation data
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation data
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIFFERENT CONSTITUTENET OF ENVIRONMENT
BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIFFERENT CONSTITUTENET OF ENVIRONMENT
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Biodeterioration of paper and leather ppt..
- 1. SUBMITTED TO MADE BY- DR.RACHNA SINGH SHAISTA KHAN ASSISTAANT PROFESSOR MSc.(MB)-2nd SEM. AIB. ENROL.NO- A07199319007 BIODETERIORATION OF PAPER AND LEATHER
- 2. DEFINITION OF BIODETERIORATION- The breakdown of materials by micro and or macroorganisms. OR Undesirable change in the properties of materials caused by vital activities by organisms. OR Biodeterioration is the chemical or physical alteration of a product that decreases its usefulness for its intended purpose, caused by micro or macroorganism or their enzymes.
- 4. CONTD…
- 5. CONTD.. These are derived from the stem of wood or wood- pulp and contain a great amount of polymers and non- fibrous materials other than cellulose, as well as impurities. Modern papers are thus more vulnerable to microorganisms attack than older ones. Biodeterioration is very high in tropical hot and humid climate like INDIA. The biological agents causing biodeterioration are divided into- Microorganisms-fungus or moulds, bacteria, etc. Insects Rodents.
- 6. Nature of biodeterioration on the paper- Cellulolytic strains damaging the chemical structure of paper and non- cellulolytic ones with non-specific actions. FUNGI- Mildewing cause alterations on paper producing various kinds of stains, either round or irregular in shape and coloured .These stains are either due to the presence of pigment mycelium or to the release of coloured metabolites. FOXING- It is a color changes appeared in the paper. It appears as rust coloured marks of different shapes, frequently as spots on the paper. CONSOLIDATION- Flooded or heavily moistened papers-bacteria and fungal sps. Degrading the
- 7. Factors attracts or induce biological deterioration of paper- Poor housekeeping. Stagnant air. Humidity. Darkness and Dinginess. Chemical treatment- Periodic use of insecticidal powder of solution like Lindane at the dark corner walls, beneath the racks and almirahs is a good precautionary measure to prevent insects.
- 8. Contd.. A simple practice is to keep napthalene bricks on the shelves as it repels the insects from coming to the book racks. The foundation of all the new library buildings should be given anti-insect treatment.
- 10. CONTD.. Leather is prepared by the tanning process. It convert animal hides and skins into leather. (The term hide is used for the skin of large animals like cow or horses, while the term skin is used for small animals like sheep) Biodeterioration depens- Nature of raw materials. Processing and maintenance. Deterioration of leather proteinaceous material is prone to attack, especially during early stage. Lipolytic and proteolytic microbes damages the leather.
- 11. Contd.. This is seriously occur where storage condition is very poor. Bacteria such as bacillus (eg. B. mesenthericus), pseudomonas, bacteriodes and sarcina under aerobic conditions can attack partially decomposed collagen. Fungi such as Cladosporium, fusarium, Aspergillus, etc.
- 12. As a result of biodeterioration- Loses its original properties. Becomes hard and brittle. Deformation of the structure. The microbial attack also causes variegated spots, white films and fading of the texts. Leathers are also susceptible to attack by insects. Dermestidae and Tineidae are the main families that can selectively attack either collagenous or keratinous materials. Rarely cellulose and proteinaceous feeders cause damage to leather materials.
- 13. Contd.. The insect damage appars as superficial erosion, deep erosion, holes or loss of material. PREVENTION- Incorporating the biocide promopol i.e. 2- bromo-nitropropane. Avoiding moisture conditions.
- 15. . THANK YOU