The document discusses building management systems and focuses on HVAC systems including roof top units. It provides details on:
- HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) forms the major component of building management systems, around 60-70%, with lighting making up 20-30%.
- HVAC consists of several systems like cooling towers, chillers, pumps, air handling units, variable air volume units, and roof top units.
- Roof top units are similar to air handling units but are always installed on the roof. They intake fresh air, condition it by filtering, cooling, and heating, and circulate the air through ducts.
- RTUs have components like dampers,
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
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Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
4. Air Handling Unit/Roof Top Unit
• Air Handling Units are same as Roof Top Units except for the fact that RTUs are always
installed on roof top.
• Process followed in gist is as follows:
Sucks
Air
• Fresh air damper lets the outside fresh air flow in. This damper is also
sometimes called Fire Damper as it prevents the supply of air in case of fire
inside the building. In this case, it is generally ON/OFF damper.
Conditions
Air
• The air taken in goes through filter, cooling water coils and heating water
coils to treat the air, i.e. to cool, humidify and dehumidify the air to meet the
temperature and humidity requirements.
Circulates
conditioned
air
• The treated and cooled air is now circulated through the supply air duct to
the work areas. VAVs are used to maintain the supply air temperature in
small rooms/cabins by controlling volume of air supplied.
6. • The damper section:
• Manually Operated for Outside Air/Exhaust Air
• Motorized Modulating
• Motorized On/Off
• Fire Dampers – Motorized /Fuse Link Operated
• Temperature Sensor:
• Temperature sensors are used for measurement of temperature of a
room, Air Duct, Hot /Cold Water, Outside Air etc.
AIR DUCT TEMP. SENSOR ROOM TEMP. SENSOR IMMERSION TEMP. SENSOR
7. • Relative Humidity Sensor:
Relative Humidity sensors are used for measurement of Relative humidity
of a Room, Air Duct, Outside Air etc.
• Differential Pressure Switch:
Differential Pressure switches are used for monitoring of Filter, Fan, Pump, Fire
Damper, Water Flow, Air Flow Status of air handling systems.
Ex. Air differential pressure switch and Air Flow switch
• Differential Pressure Sensors/Transmitter:
Used for measuring diff. Pressure, positive pressure and vacuum.
• Valves & Actuators:
• Valve Types
• 2 Way or 3 Way
• Actuator Types
• Motorized
• Magnetic
• Pneumatic
• Operation
• On – Off
• Floating
• Modulating
8. • Filters :
• Pre Filters
• 70-80-% Efficiency .
• Can filter particles of size upto 5-10 microns.
• Reusable & Washable
• Fine Filters
• 90-95 % Efficiency .
• Can filter particles of size upto 1 to 2 microns.
• Not Reusable
• HEPA(High Efficiency Particulate Air) Filters
• 99.97% to 99.99995 % Efficiency .
• Can filter particles of size upto 0.1 to 0.3 microns.
• Used in Clean Room Applications.
• Not Reusable
• ULPA Filters
• PTFE Membrane Filters For State-of-the-Art Cleanroom Requirements
• PTFE (PolyTetraFluoroEthylene) Membrane combines ultra-high efficiency with
negligible pressure drop
•High Resistance to Corrosive Environments (Acid, Alkali and Organics)
•Negligible Off-Gassing Properties (Boron, Sodium, Potassium, Silicon)
•99.99995% Minimum Efficiency.
9. • Filters :
The cross stacking of the filters is done to
increase the surface area.
• Coils :
• Heating Coils
• Cooling Coils
• Coil Construction
• Copper with Aluminium fins,
• 13 Fins /inch
• Number of Rows, i.e. 4/6/8 depending
on the latent heat load & Bypass Factor.
10. • Fan/Blower :
Fan shall be operated from a
1) time clock
2) time schedule from the BMS
Fan’s rpm is maintained by a third party component
Known as VFD i.e., Variable Frequency Drive which is operated as per the
Differential pressure required across the blower.
• Air Distribution System:
• Constant Volume, Variable Temperature (CV)
• Delivered to all room areas regardless of individual room differences.
• VAV -Variable Air Volume, Constant Temperature
• Single Zone or Dual Duct
11. Functioning of RTU:
Fresh air taken in
through fresh air
damper
•Fresh air temp. measured
•Differential air pressure
across fan governs the
blower’s speed
Air passes through cooling
coils and heating coils for
cooling, humidification and
dehumidification
Air from work area enters
return air duct, smoke
detector checks for the
fire
Return air gets in through
mixed air damper and
circulates again after
conditioning
Exhaust air damper when
open lets the return air
out.
12. Types of RTU
Air Handlers can be categorized by:
• Method of temperature control
• Method of volume control
• Method of air distribution
Types :
• Mixed Air AHU
• Treated Fresh Air AHU
• 100 % Fresh Air AHU
13. Single Duct variation
• The exhaust air damper is not in this air handler; the building air is exhausted
elsewhere, but the basic mixed air and other functions are unchanged.
