This document provides information on HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses the history and basics of air conditioning, including the five parameters controlled by AC units. The key components of AC systems, including the evaporator, condenser, compressor, fan, and expansion valve, are described. Different types of HVAC systems are classified and explained, such as central AC, heat pumps, VRF systems, chilled water systems, window units, split units, and types of split units. Factors to consider for HVAC system design are also listed.

1. HVACHEATING VENTILATION, AIR-CONDITIONING UNIT

2. AIR CONDITIONING
Invented by Willis Carrier
In 1902,NY
AC means control of 5 Parameters
Conditioning
of an indoor
space in
order to
maintain the
temperature
humidity
cleanliness
and air
movements
at the level
that is suited
to human
health and
comfort.

3. BASICS OF HVAC
By Using HVAC-
•Temperature can be raised or lowered
•Humidity can be Raised or Lowered
•Maintain Proper Filtration of Air
•Outside air can be added or removed
Temperature
Summer - 25* C
Winter - 20*C
Relative humidity
30-70%

4. COMPONENTS OF AC
•Evaporator: the change of refrigerant
from liquid to gaseous state takes place in
the evaporator.
•Condenser: the change of refrigerant’s
state from vapour to liquid takes place in
the condenser.
•Compressor: It pumps the refrigerant
through the air conditioning system at a
designed flow rate and pressure
•Fan : helps in cooling the vapour
refrigerant
•Expansion valve: The Metering device
controls the flow of liquid refrigerant to the
evaporator.

5. Pipework
Indoor Fan
Evaporator coil
Refregerent changes
from liquid to gas
Condensor Coil
Refregerent changes
from gas to liquid
External Fan
Compressor
Refregernt gas
Is compressed from
low to high pressure
WORKING CYCLE OF AC
Refrigerant used CFCs, HCFC’S,HFC’S

6. CLASSIFICATION OF
HVAC

7. CENTRAL AC
SYSTEM
•Central air
conditioning systems
serve multi spaces
from one base
location.
•These typically use
chilled water as a
cooling medium and
use extensive
ductwork for air
distribution.

8. HEAT PUMP
SYSTEM
2 pipe system
•Heat or Cold
exchange
•Draws the air back
HEAT RECOVERY
SYSTEM
3 pipe system
•Heat exchange
•Cold exchange
•Draws the air back

9. VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE
[basic]

10. VAPOUR ABSORPTION CYCLE

11. DUCTABLE
PACKAGED AC
•The Ductable Split AC is a ceiling
suspended unit that cools the conditioned
space via Duct network.
•The Package AC unit is Floor Mounted
unit that is installed in a separate room
commonly known as AHU Room.
•Fresh air is taken from the condenser fan
and moved through the coil where it loses
its heat and is then pushed into the vents
through the blower.

12. • Provides the ability for multiple
indoor units or zones to operate
on the same system.
•VRF systems can either be a
heat pump system or a heat
recovery system, which
provides simultaneous heating
and cooling.
•Adjust cooling and heating by
adjusting refrigerant flow and
variable speed compressor.
‘Large-scale ductless
HVAC system that can
perform at a high
capacity.’
‘VARIABLE REFRIGERENT
FLOW’
FLOW

13. ‘DIRECT EXPANSION’
DX•The air used for cooling
space is directly chilled by
the refrigerant in the cooling
coil of the air handling unit.
• The DX type of central air
conditioning system is
usually used for cooling the
small buildings or the rooms
on the single floor
AIR HANDLING UNIT – AHU
•It is a device used to condition and circulate
air as a part of HVAC system.
•Air handlers usually connect to a ductwork
ventilation system that distributes the
conditioned air through the building and returns
it to the AHU.
•Parts of AHU
Dust network- make route for air
Insulator
Damper- adds fresh air
Return Grills- Disperse cool air
Dampers Return GrillsInsulator

14. •The Chilled water system supplies
chilled water for cooling needs of all
the building air- handling units.
(AHUs).
•Chillers use the refrigeration cycle
to remove heat from chilled water.
•.The chilled system is the facilitator
of heat transfer between the inside
of a building and outside of a
building.
CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS

15. AIR COOLED CHILLER WATER COOLED CHILLER
•No cooling towers
•Better environmental stability-no
water wastage
•Low maintenance costs
•Easier to operate and control-
tower freezing and tower bypass
absent
•Chemical costs avoided
•Water costs avoided, especially
in cities
•Cooling towers
•Condenser water pumps
•Make-up water pumps
•Chillers
•Longer life

16. NON-CENTRAL ACWINDOW AC
•Window unit air conditioners are installed in
an open window.
•The interior air is cooled as a fan blows it
over the evaporator.
•On the exterior the heat drawn from the
interior is dissipated into the environment as
a second fan blows outside air over the
condenser.
•A large house or building may have several
such units, allowing each room to be cooled
separately.
ADVANTAGES
•Easy to install, mobility and shifting.
•Costs lesser in comparison to other varieties
•Single unit with compressor and condenser.
DISADVANTAGES
• It produces noise in the room because of
compressor is very near to the room.
• It requires appropriate size of window or hole in
wall in order to fit the conditioner.
600 X 380X560
Available tonnage – 1 , 1.5 , 2

17. •They are ductless and they can be great for
use in both residential and commercial
buildings.
•The split air conditioner comprises of two
parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit.
•The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room,
houses components like the compressor,
condenser and expansion valve.
•The indoor unit comprises the evaporator
or cooling coil and the cooling fan.
SPLIT AC
The condenser is separated from the
“indoor unit”, thus the term “split”
ADVANTAGES
•No window opening and fixing needed.
•Compressor is outside therefore no noise.
DISADVANTAGES
•Higher operating charges
•Less control over the individual room temps
•Energy losses

18. Wall Mounted
•operated either by a corded
or cordless remote control
unit. .
•Height of about 2.5 metres
from the floor.
•used for domestic and
commercial applications.
Floor Mounted
•Air throw is
upwards.
•not very widely
used these days
Ceiling Mounted
Cassette ac
For commercial areas
Min. Height from
slab and false ceiling
– 300 mm
Concealed
•Designed to be hidden so as
not to interface with the
aesthetics.
•Generally concealed by a
paneled box or false ceiling
•suitable for commercial areas
TYPES OF SPLIT AC
Floor Standing

19. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR DESIGNING
•Building detailed layout
•Use of Space
•Interior Room design
•Filtration level required
•Glass area exposed to sun
•Occupancy
•Lighting Load

20. THANK YOU
LINA
ISHITA
CATHERINE
ARUN
ANOUSHKA